The three principles of judging fouls, the four elements of fouls by basketball referees

The cylindrical principle, the vertical principle,

2。Gesture of two points: Raise the index and middle fingers of the right hand, taking care to bend once from the wrist downwards.

3。Three-point test gesture: raise your thumb, index finger, and middle finger at the same time with your right hand.

4。The effective gesture of a successful three-point shot is to signal the three-point with the left and right hands at the same time.

5。To cancel the score, the gesture to cancel the game is: cross your hands in front of you once.

1.Gesture to score points: Raise the index finger of the right hand and bend it once from the wrist downwards.

2。Gesture of two points: Raise the index and middle fingers of the right hand, taking care to bend once from the wrist downwards.

3。Three-point test gesture: raise your thumb, index finger, and middle finger at the same time with your right hand.

4。The effective gesture of a successful three-point shot is to signal the three-point with the left and right hands at the same time.

5。To cancel the score, the gesture to cancel the game is: cross your hands in front of you once.

2. Basketball game time rules: 1. Gesture to start the time:

The hand is slashed downward. 2。The foul stop time gesture is:

Make a fist on top and spread out flat on the bottom 3. The gesture to stop keeping the time is: raise one hand up, four fingers together.

The gesture for second reset is: raise one hand, extend your index finger, and turn your hand in a circle. The gesture of the second violation is:

Raise one hand, bend your wrist down, and tap your shoulder. The action of the second violation is: three fingers pointed at the player.

The gesture for the second violation is: extend five fingers. 8。

The 10-second violation is: Hands outstretched. 9。

The pause gesture is as follows: one hand open, one index finger touching the palm. 3. Basketball game number:

1。The way to display numbers below 5 and 5: the fingers of the right hand count, and the left hand hangs down naturally.

Pay attention to the way you count your fingers: first extend your index finger (1), then your index finger + middle finger (2), then your thumb + index finger + middle finger (3) ......The following figure represents Figure 5: 2.

How to display No. 5 and No. 10 (including No. 10): open 5 fingers with your right hand and open the remaining hand with your left hand. 2. Basketball game time rules:

1。Gesture to start the time: The hand is slashed downward.

2。The foul stop-time gesture is as follows: one hand fist on top and one hand flat on bottom3.

The gesture to stop keeping the time is: raise one hand up, four fingers together. The gesture for second reset is:

Raise one hand, extend your index finger, and turn your hand in a circle. The gesture of the second violation is: one hand up, wrist bend, tap shoulder.

The action of the second violation is: three fingers pointed at the player. The gesture of the second violation is:

Stretch out your five fingers. 8。The action of the 10-second violation is:

Stretch out your hands. 9。The pause gesture is:

One hand is open and the index finger of the other hand is touching the palm. If you don't understand something, you can continue to ask me, I will always serve you, I wish you a happy life!

>Q&A" text.

A foul or misconduct will be awarded in the following cases: Direct Free Kick In the opinion of the referee, a direct free kick will be awarded to a player if he commits any of the following six fouls recklessly, recklessly or with excessive force: kicking or attempting to kick an opposing player; Tripping or attempting to trip an opposing player; Jump towards the opposing team; - Crash into the opposing team; Hitting or attempting to hit an opposing player; Push the opposing team's players; If a player commits any of the following four fouls, a direct free kick is also awarded

Pull the opposing team's players; Spit on opposing players; Intentional handball (excluding goalkeepers in their own penalty area). Take a direct free kick at the place where the foul occurred. Penalty Penalty A penalty shall be awarded if a player commits any of the above ten fouls in his or her own penalty area, regardless of where the ball is in the course of the game.

Indirect Free Kick An indirect free kick will be awarded if the goalkeeper commits any of the following four fouls in his team's penalty area: Possession of the ball for more than 6 seconds after controlling the ball with his hand before sending the ball; After the ball is issued, it is not touched by other players, and the ball is touched again with the hand; Touching the ball deliberately kicked to him by a member of the same team with his hand; - Touch a throw-in thrown directly by a player from the same team with your hand. In the opinion of the referee, an indirect free kick will also be awarded to the opponent if:

The action is dangerous; Block opposing players; Prevent the opposing goalkeeper from serving the ball from his hand; Stopping play for any other foul not previously mentioned in Chapter XII of the Rules and being given a warning or penalty to play. Take an indirect free kick at the place where the foul occurred. Disciplinary Sanctions Only on the field, on the bench or on the substitute can be shown a red or yellow card.

Warningable fouls If a player commits any of the following seven fouls, he or she will be cautioned and shown a yellow card: 1. committing unsportsmanlike conduct; 2。

dissenting in words or actions; 3。Persistent violation of the rules; 4。delay in the restart of the game; 5。

not to exit the prescribed distance when restarting play with a corner kick or free kick; 6。entering or re-entering the playing field without the permission of the referee; 7。Deliberately leaving the playing field without the permission of the referee.

Fouls Ordered to Play If a player commits any of the following seven fouls, he or she will be sent off and shown a red card: 1. Serious fouls; 2。

violence; 3。Spit on the other person or anyone else; 4。disrupt an opponent's goal or a clear goal-scoring opportunity with a deliberate handball (excluding the goalkeeper in his own penalty area); 5。

disrupt a clear goal-scoring opportunity of the opposing side moving towards the goal with a foul that can be awarded as a free kick or penalty; 6。use disrespectful, insulting or abusive language and gestures; 7。Got a second warning in the same game.

Players who have been sent off must immediately leave the vicinity of the playing field and the technical area.

What I'm talking about are the basic types of FIBA fouls: repentance, blocking, pushing, pulling, over-elbowing, bumping, fouls on both sides, technical fouls, and unsportsmanlike fouls (NBA is called malicious fouls, and there are two levels of fouls); The violations are: 24-second offensive violation, 8-second pass violation, 5-second serve violation, return violation, offensive three-second violation (NBA also has defensive three-second violation), walking violation (including "starting violation", "entrainment"), double filial piety missing dribbling violation ("second dribbling"), interference ball violation, and a timeout when the number of timeouts is used up, which is a technical foul, a jumping ball violation, dribbling over the shoulder, dribbling over the wrist, kicking the ball violation, etc.