About the minerals and materials on the earth, what minerals are on the earth

There are five main categories:

1.natural element minerals, such as gold, silver, etc.;

2.Sulphide and its analogue compounds, such as pyrite.

chalcopyrite, etc.; 3.oxides and hydroxides incorporate minerals, such as hematite, limonite, etc.;

4.Oxygenated minerals such as olivine.

andalusite, etc.; 5.Halide minerals, such as fluorite cave wide traces.

stone salt, etc.

Ore is formed under certain physical and chemical conditions, and when the external conditions change, the original mineral can be changed to form a new mineral. The formation of minerals includes three forms: gaseous to solid, liquid to solid and solid to solid, the most common form of gaseous to solid is the hydrogen sulfide gas ejected by volcanoes to form sulfur element, liquid to solid is the formation of salt minerals due to evaporation and crystallization in salt lakes, and the solid to solid is mainly a mineral that changes from amorphous to crystalline.

Ore is generally composed of ore minerals and gangue minerals. Ore minerals refer to metal or non-metallic minerals that can be used in ores, also known as useful minerals. Such as chromite in chrome ore, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite and malachite in copper ore, asbestos in asbestos ore, etc.

Gangue minerals refer to those minerals that are associated with ore minerals and cannot be used temporarily, also known as useless minerals. Such as olivine and pyroxene in chrome ore, quartz, sericite and chlorite in copper ore, dolomite and calcite in asbestos ore. Gangue minerals are mainly non-metallic minerals, but also include some metallic minerals, such as copper ore containing a very small amount of galena and sphalerite, which are also called gangue minerals because they have no comprehensive utilization value.

The ratio of ore minerals to gangue minerals contained in the ore varies with different metal ores. Within the same type of ore, there are also differences with the different grades of ores. In many metal ores, the amount of gangue minerals often far exceeds the amount of ore minerals.

Therefore, before the ore is smelted, it must be beneficiated and most of the useless substances are discarded before it can be smelted.

1. Energy minerals (such as coal, oil, natural, asphalt, uranium, geothermal, etc. 11 kinds).

2. Metal minerals (such as iron, manganese, copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, etc. 59 kinds).

3. Non-metallic minerals (such as diamond, phosphorus, crystal, gypsum, gemstones, marble, granite, sand, clay, etc. 92 kinds).

4. Water and gas minerals (such as groundwater, mineral gas, carbon dioxide gas, radon and other 6 kinds).

Supplement: Mineral Resources The earth is a place for human beings to live in, a source of food and clothing. There are more than 3,300 known minerals on the earth and constitute a diverse mineral resource.

More than 95% of the energy currently used by human beings, more than 80% of the industrial raw materials and more than 70% of the means of agricultural production come from mineral resources.

Mineral resources are generally divided into metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, energy minerals, etc., and there are three forms: solid, liquid and gas.

The earth's resources are limited and non-renewable, and the excessive exploitation and unreasonable development and utilization of mineral resources will inevitably bring about the depletion of resources and the negative impact on the earth's ecological environment.

The rational and effective use of the earth's resources and the maintenance of the living environment of mankind have become issues of common concern in the world today. Mineral resources are known as the "food" and "blood" of modern industry, and are the lifeblood of the development of human society.

Mineral resources are not only an important material basis for the survival and development of human society, but also the industrial foundation of the global economy. Not only in the economic field, but also in the political field, mineral resources show their important value.

Gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, coal, zinc, nickel.

Earth resources refer to the material raw materials that the earth can provide for human clothing, food, shelter and transportation. Among them, most of the energy and mineral resources are found in the deep part of the earth. 90% of the world's energy used comes from coal, oil and gas.

At present, there are 1 trillion barrels of proven usable oil reserves on the planet, which can be used for 45 to 50 years; 120 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, which can be used for 50 60 years; 1 trillion tons of coal, which can be used for 200 220 years. The world's proven reserves of major metallic and non-metallic mineral resources are 145 billion tons. Among them, aluminum can guarantee about 222 years, copper 33 years, lead 18 years, mercury 43 years, nickel 51 years, zinc 20 years, iron ore 161 years.

At present, there are about 3,000 known minerals, and the vast majority of them are solid inorganics.

Liquid (e.g., smoldered oil, natural mercury), gaseous (e.g., natural gas, carbon dioxide.

and helium) and solid organic compounds (such as oil shale, amber) account for only a few dozen. Among the solid minerals, the vast majority are crystalline minerals, and only a very small number (such as diasporite) are amorphous minerals.

What are the six common minerals? I guess there are five of them.

I know five.

1 Natural element.

2 sulfides. and similar chemical vacancies.

3 oxides and hydrides.

4. Oxygenated salts. 5. Halide.

Minerals are formed by the migration and aggregation of chemical elements through geological processes such as geological action. Depending on the specific process of action, the combination of minerals formed is also different. After the formation of minerals, they can also be damaged or new minerals may be formed due to changes in the environment.

Magmatism occurs at high temperatures and pressures. Mainly from the magmatic melt crystallization precipitation olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, mica, feldspar, quartz and other major rock-forming minerals, they constitute various magmatic rocks.

Minerals formed by regional metamorphism tend to be tightly structured, have a large specific gravity, and do not contain water. In contact metamorphism, when the surrounding rock is carbonate rock, skarn can be formed, which is composed of calcium, magnesium and iron silicate minerals such as diopside, tremolite, garnet, runeside, wollastonite, and wollite.

The spatial coexistence of minerals is called assemblage. If the minerals in the assemblage belong to the same genesis and the same metallogenic period, they are said to be symbiotic, otherwise they are called associated. Studying the symbiotic and associated combinations and generation sequences of minerals is helpful for exploring the genesis and formation history of minerals.

Magmatism occurs at high temperatures and pressures. Mainly from the magmatic melt crystallization precipitation olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, mica, feldspar, quartz and other major rock-forming minerals, they constitute various magmatic rocks. At the same time, chromite, platinum group element minerals, diamond, vanadium, titanomagnetite, copper-nickel sulfide and minerals containing phosphorus, zirconium, niobium and tantalum are formed.

In pegmatoid action, minerals are formed in a closed system with an external pressure greater than an internal pressure of 700 400. The mineral particles formed are coarse. In addition to feldspar, mica, quartz, there are also minerals rich in volatile components such as fluorine boron, such as topaz, tourmaline, minerals containing lithium, beryllium, rubidium, cesium, niobium, tantalum, rare earths and other rare elements, such as spodumene, beryl and minerals containing radioactive elements.

In hydrothermal action, minerals are formed from gas-liquid or hot water solutions. High-temperature hydrothermal fluids (400 300) are represented by tungsten-tin oxides and molybdenum-bismuth sulfides; Medium-temperature hydrothermal fluids (300 200) are represented by sulfide minerals of copper, lead, zinc; Cryogenic hydrothermal fluids (200 50) are represented by sulfide minerals such as arsenic, antimony, and mercury. In addition, hydrothermal processes also include the formation of non-metallic minerals such as quartz, calcite, and barite.

Minerals formed earlier in weathering can be chemically weathered under the action of sunlight, atmosphere and water into some other minerals that are stable under surface conditions, such as kaolinite, hard manganese, malachite, azurite, etc. The CuSO4 and FeSO4 solutions produced by the weathering of metal sulfide deposits seep below the groundwater surface, and then react with the primary metal sulfides to produce chalcocite and copper blue with high copper content, thus forming a secondary enrichment zone of copper. In chemical sedimentation, minerals precipitated from the true solution, such as gypsum, stone salt, potassium salt, borax, etc.; Minerals formed by the condensation of colloidal solutions, such as oolitic hematite, kidney hard manganese, etc.

Biological deposits can form e.g. diatomaceous earth (opal).

Minerals are the product of various geological processes in nature. According to the nature and energy of the action, the geological processes in nature are divided into three types: endogenous, exogenous and metamorphic. The energy of endogenous processes comes from the interior of the earth, such as volcanism and magmatism; Exogenous processes are the effects of solar energy, water, atmosphere and living organisms (including weathering and sedimentation); Metamorphism refers to the change of formed minerals at a certain temperature and pressure.

Under the action of these three aspects, there are three ways in which minerals are formed: gaseous state becomes solid Volcanoes emit sulfur vapor or H2S gas, the former can be directly sublimated into natural sulfur due to the sudden drop in temperature, and H2S gas can chemically react with O2 in the atmosphere to form natural sulfur. Taiwan's Datun volcanic group and Guishan Island have natural sulfur formed in this way.

Changing from a liquid state to a solid state is the main way in which minerals are formed, which can be divided into two forms.

1) Evaporation crystallization from the solution. In the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province, China, due to the long-term evaporation of salt lake water, the salt lake water is continuously concentrated and saturated, and many salt minerals such as rock salt are crystallized from it, which is formed in this way.

2) Cool the crystallization from the solution. The magmatic melt beneath the earth's crust is a high-temperature silicate melt of extremely complex composition (like molten steel in a steelmaking furnace) that rises in a decreasing temperature and crystallizes when the temperature is below the melting point of a mineral. All the components of magma continue to crystallize with the drop in temperature to form a series of minerals, and generally the minerals with high melting points crystallize into minerals first.

Solid to solid is mainly from amorphous to crystalline. The lava flows from volcanic eruptions cool down quickly, and before they have time to form crystalline minerals, they consolidate into amorphous volcanic glass, which can gradually transform into various crystalline minerals over time.

Minerals formed by colloidal agglomeration are called colloidal minerals. For example, river water can carry a large amount of colloids, and at the outlet it meets seawater, because seawater contains a large amount of electrolytes, the colloids in the river water gel and form colloidal minerals, which is how oolitic hematite in coastal areas is formed.

Minerals are formed under certain physical and chemical conditions, when the external conditions change, the original mineral can change to form another new mineral, such as pyrite on the surface of the earth after the action of water and atmosphere, can form limonite.

Mineral resources are the products of the earth's crust in its long-term formation, development and evolution, and are formed by the accumulation of minerals in nature under certain geological conditions and through certain geological processes. Different types of minerals can be formed by different geological processes. According to the geological action of the formation of mineral resources, energy and material, the geological action of the formation of mineral resources, that is, mineralization, is generally divided into internal oregenation, exogenous mineralization, metamorphic mineralization and superimposed mineralization.

Endogenesis refers to various geological processes that lead to the formation of ore deposits due to the influence of thermal energy in the earth's interior. Exteriogenesis refers to various geological processes that form ore deposits on the surface of the earth's crust under the direct action of solar energy during the interaction of the upper lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere caused by external stresses of the earth. Metamorphic mineralization refers to the geological process that changes the mineral assemblage, chemical composition, physical properties and structural structure of ore deposits or ore-bearing rocks that have been formed by internal mineralization and exogenous mineralization due to changes in geological environment, especially through deep burial or other thermodynamic events, to form another type of mineral deposits with different properties and different qualities.

Superimposed mineralization is a kind of composite mineralization, which refers to a geological process in which ore deposits are formed due to the compound superposition of multiple metallogenic processes. These four different mineralizations form four different types of deposits, namely endogenous, exogenous and supergeneous. Whether minerals can be formed, how much and how good or bad minerals can be formed in a region are directly related to the quality of the metallogenic geological conditions in the area.

There are geography books, mainly crustal movements.

The earth's surface is made of rocks, rocks are composed of minerals, common minerals are: quartz, muscovite, biotite, orthoclase, plagioclase, calcite, olivine, pyroxene, hornblende, epidote, chlorite, serpentine, talc, barite, fluorite, apatite, dolomite, topaz, corundum, chalcedony, kaolinite, etc.

Minerals refer to natural elements or compounds formed by geological processes. They have a relatively fixed chemical composition, and those that are solid also have a definite internal structure; They are stable within a certain range of physical and chemical conditions and are the basic units that make up rocks and ores. At present, there are about 3,000 known minerals, most of which are solid inorganic substances, and only a few dozen of them are liquid (such as oil, natural mercury), gaseous (such as natural gas, carbon dioxide and helium) and solid organic substances (such as oil shale and amber).

There is no such thing as absolute purity, so the pure substance here refers to a substance with a relatively single chemical composition of the substance.

A variety of ore columns such as mica, feldspar, quartz, granite, shimmering rock.