What is the CPU in a microcontroller?

Of course, the CPU is complicated! Otherwise, there wouldn't be just two CPU producers in the world! The schematic diagram is simple, but it is much more complicated to reach the nanoscale semiconductor technology!

Forehead!!! You can see the schematic diagram of the MCU in **. Those are confidential documents from various vendors, and you can see them.

Summary. 1.The controller of the single-chip CPU is a simple computer controller, which consists of a microprocessor (or processor) on a circuit board and a set of supported memory and peripheral devices, which is used to control the operation of external devices and the overall operation of the management system.

It can receive signals from external devices, process them, and then control the operation of the equipment, as well as the overall operation of the control system. It can also control a variety of external devices, such as monitors, printers, memory, etc., and can control the operation of peripherals, and can realize complex computer programs through the programming of instructions to achieve complex control functions. and logic unit) is the arithmetic logic unit, which is located inside the CPU of the single-chip microcomputer, is one of the most important components of the operation, mainly used to process data and perform arithmetic operations.

It can complete operations such as integers, real numbers, Booleans, etc., and is the core control component of the CPU, which can complete arithmetic operations such as addition (+) subtraction (-) multiplication ( ) division ( ), and can also complete logical operations, such as and (and), or (or), xor (xor) and other operations.

Hello, I'm glad for your question, the CPU of the single rotten Xiangsui tablet machine is mainly composed of two parts, the first part is the controller, which is responsible for the decoding of instructions and the execution of hunger, and the second part is ALU (arithmetic logic unit), which is responsible for arithmetic operations and logical operations of data. At the end of this time, thank you for your question I hope it can be of some help to you.

You've done a great job! Can you elaborate on that?

1.The controller of the single-chip CPU is a simple slide hole computer controller, which consists of a microprocessor (or ** processor) on a circuit board and a set of supporting memory and external information and land, which is used to control the operation of external equipment and the overall operation of the management system. It can receive signals from external devices, process them, and then control the operation of the equipment, as well as the overall operation of the control system.

It can also control a variety of external devices, such as monitors, printers, memory, etc., and can control the operation of peripherals, and can realize complex computer programs through the programming of instructions to implement complex control functions. and logic unit) is the arithmetic logic unit, which is located inside the CPU of the single-chip microcomputer, is one of the most important components of the operation, mainly used to process data and perform arithmetic operations. It can complete operations such as integers, real numbers, Booleans, etc., and is the core control component of the CPU, which can complete arithmetic operations such as addition (+) subtraction (-) multiplication ( ) division ( ), and can also complete logical operations, such as and (and), or (or), xor (xor) and other operations.

Processor (CPU):

The CPU is the main core component of the microcontroller, which includes the combinator, controller and several registers.

Internal Data Memory (RAM):

The MCS-51 microcontroller chip has a total of 256 RAM units, of which the last 128 units are occupied by special registers, and only the first 128 units can be used as registers for users to store readable and written data. Therefore, the internal data memory is usually referred to as the first 128 units, referred to as internal RAM. The address range is 00h - ffh (256b).

It is a multi-purpose multi-function data memory with space for data storage, general-purpose work registers, stacks, bit addresses, etc.

Internal Program Memory (ROM):

As mentioned earlier, the MCS-51 has 4KB of 8KB bytes of ROM inside (4KB for the 51 series and 8KB for the 51 series) for storing programs, raw data, or **. Therefore, it is called program memory, or internal RAM for short. The address range is 0000H - FFFFH (64KB).

Timer counter.

The 51 series has a total of 2 16-bit timer counters (the 52 series has a total of 3 16-bit timer counters) to implement the timing or counting function and control the computer with its timing or counting results. The timing is implemented by the frequency counting of the internal crossover clock, and when the counter is made, the low level pulse count of the pair or port.

Parallel IO port.

The MCS-51 has four 8-bit I-O ports (P0, P1, P2, and P3) to implement data input and output. These features are discussed in more detail in the following sections.

The serial port MCS-51 has a programmable full-duplex serial port to realize serial data transmission between the microcontroller and other devices. The serial port is highly functional and can be used as both a full-duplex asynchronous communication transceiver and a shifter. rxd( pin is the receive port, txd (pin is the send port.)

Interrupt the control system.

MCS-51 microcontroller has strong interrupt function to meet the needs of different control applications. The 51 series has 5 interrupt sources (the 52 series has 6 interrupt sources), that is, 2 external interrupts, 2 timing interrupts, and 1 serial interrupt, all interrupts are divided into two priority levels: advanced and low, and we will explain the priority level in detail later.

Timing & Control Components.

MCS-51 microcontroller has a high-gain inverting amplifier inside, the base input terminal is XTAL1, and the output terminal is the internal clock circuit of the chip, but the quartz crystal and trimmer capacitor need to be externally connected. The clock circuit generates a clock pulse train for the microcontroller.

CPUs have always been a high-level topic, and you probably don't know anything. I used to be confused about the CPU, but then I consulted a lot of gods, and I roughly figured it out. Here, according to my own understanding, try to tear the veil of CPU mystery in the most popular language, so that more people can understand CPU

The CPU of the AT89S51 microcontroller is mainly composed of combinators and controllers, and I just finished this problem at the MOOC.

Intel's 8080 was the first to be designed with this idea in mind.

The processors of copying, the single-chip microcomputers at that time were all 8-bit or 4-bit. The most successful of these was Intel's 8051, on which the MCS51 series microcontroller system was developed. Because it is simple and reliable, it has good performance, and has been highly praised.

Although ARM has developed a high-end microcontroller with a frequency of more than 300M in 32 bits since 2000, until now, single-chip microcomputers based on 8051 are still widely used. In many ways, microcontrollers are more suitable for embedded systems than dedicated processors, so they are widely used. In fact, the single-chip microcomputer is the largest number of processors in the world, and with the development and growth of the single-chip microcomputer family, the development of single-chip microcomputers and dedicated processors has parted ways.

Generally, the registers of microcontrollers are faster than the multi-speed and addressing of computers, and the ARM assembly instructions are generally optimized (that is, the assembly instructions that are not used frequently are canceled).

The difference between a microcontroller and a CPUDU:

1, CPU is the first place to zhi

The main function of the processor is DAO operation and logical relationship system processing;

2. The right single-chip microcomputer is called MCU, which is a microprocessor, and can also be called a "micro logic control unit". In general, a microcontroller contains a CPU, but the computing power is not as powerful as a simple CPU.

Overall, the CPU is a feature. Whereas, a microcontroller is a complete microcomputer system.

1. Performance comes.

The processor on the computer is usually called the source CPU, and the single-chip microcomputer is usually called the MCU

of many, because.

ZhiCPU is usually responsible for computing and processing, while MCU is generally used for control and logic, so MCU is less likely to require higher performance.

2. Power consumption. The power consumption of CPUs is generally greater than that of MCUs because computing power and energy consumption are directly proportional. The weak computing power of the MCU is not due to the inability to improve, but because of the design of the cost-effectiveness ratio.

3. Applications.

MCUs are often used for control, while CPUs are widely used for processing.

MCS-51 series microcontroller mainly includes general products such as and 8751, and its main functions are as follows:

8-bit CPU4kbytes program memory (ROM).

128bytes of data memory (RAM).

The internal structure of the CPU can be roughly divided into several main parts, such as the control unit, the computing unit, the storage unit, and the clock.

1. Combinators. The center of data processing by the computer is mainly composed of three parts: arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), register group and state register.

2. Controller. The control center of the computer, the controller determines the automation during the operation of the computer. It must not only ensure the correct execution of the program, but also be able to handle abnormal events.

3. Storage unit. Also known as memory, this is a memory device in a computer system that is used to store programs and data. All information in the computer, including the input raw data, computer programs, intermediate and final run results, is saved in memory.

The processor we are most familiar with is the CPU, that is, the ** processor.

In the case of CPU, it is a very large-scale integrated circuit, which is the computing core and control unit of a computer. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions as well as process data in computer software. In other words, CPUs belong to integrated circuits.

A chip is a silicon wafer containing an integrated circuit, which is small in size and is often part of a computer or other electronic device. From this, it can be known that the CPU is also a kind of chip, and the chip is also a type of integrated circuit.

An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components and wiring required in a circuit are interconnected together, made on a small piece or several small pieces of semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube shell to become a miniature structure with the required circuit functions.

So, the processor is a special chip, and the chip is a special integrated circuit. You have to say that they are all ICs (integrated circuits) are okay.

Microcontroller. It is the use of VLSI technology to put the best processor CPU and random access memory with data processing capabilities.

RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I-O ports and interrupt systems, timer counters and other functions are integrated into a small but complete microcomputer system formed by a silicon wafer. The microcontroller is also an integrated circuit chip, but it integrates more functions.

The MCU can be equated with a fully functional, CPU-containing motherboard, but not as powerful as a PC.