How is industrial hydrogen peroxide made???

Methods for making hydrogen peroxide industrially:

1. Production of alkaline hydrogen peroxide.

The air electrode and its manufacturing method.

This method belongs to the electrochemical method of preparing inorganic compounds.

The field involves the industrial preparation of quinone-containing air electrodes for alkaline hydrogen peroxide and its preparation method. In this method, the multi-component electrode group is assembled by a unit plate, each pair of electrodes is composed of a cathode plate, a quinone-containing air cathode carbon core, an ion exchange diaphragm, a plastic support net and an anode plate, a fluid distribution chamber and a collection chamber are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the electrode working area, a throttle hole is arranged at the fluid inlet, and the multi-component electrodes are connected in a limited dipole series, and the plastic hose used for anode circulation alkaline water is extended to more than 5 meters. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide can be prepared under the condition of direct use of low-pressure air and satisfactory working indexes can be obtained, and there is no disadvantage that the electrode is soaked with alkaline water and fails.

Quinone-containing air electrodes for the production of alkaline hydrogen peroxide are characterized by the fact that each pair of electrodes consists of an anode plate, a plastic mesh, and a cation.

The diaphragm is composed of a quinone-containing air cathode, the upper and lower ends of the electrode working area are provided with a distribution chamber for entering the fluid and a collection room for discharging the fluid, a throttle hole is arranged at the fluid inlet, the multi-component electrode adopts a limited dipole series connection method, and the plastic hose for the inlet and outlet of the anode circulating alkaline water is extended and then connected to the liquid collection manifold, and the multi-component electrode group is assembled by the unit plate.

2. Electrolysis of 60% sulfuric acid to obtain persulfuric acid.

After hydrolysis, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 95% can be obtained.

Hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) is an important oxidizing agent and bleaching agent.

Disinfectants and dechlorinants. It can also be used as rocket fuel.

Organic or inorganic peroxides, foams, and other porous substances, etc. It can also be used for bleaching cotton fabrics and other fabrics; bleaching and deinking of pulp; manufacturing of organic and inorganic peroxides; organic synthesis and polymer synthesis; treatment of toxic wastewater, etc.

In the industry, in the past, hydrogen peroxide was produced by electrolytic potassium bisulfate solution, and now ethylanthraquinone method is commonly used: ethylanthraquinone is oxidized to ethylanthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide with oxygen, and then palladium is used as a catalyst to hydrogenate ethylanthraquinone to reduce ethylanthraquinone. The whole process is cyclical, and the raw materials consumed are just water, oxygen and hydrogen.

The hydrogen peroxide of the product is concentrated to a concentration of 98.

Hydrogen peroxide is an important chemical product, and its production methods mainly include electrolysis, oxygen cathodic reduction, alcohol oxidation, hydrogen and oxygen direct chemical method, and anthraquinone method.

1) Electrolysis. The electrolysis method is the main method for the production of hydrogen peroxide in the first half of the 20th century, which uses PT as the anode and lead or graphite as the cathode to electrolyze the saturated ammonium bisulfate solution into ammonium persulfate, and then hydrolyze it with dilute sulfuric acid to obtain hydrogen peroxide. This method is energy-intensive and limited to small-scale production.

2) Oxygen cathodic reduction method. The production of hydrogen peroxide by this method is to use a strong alkaline electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, so that the oxygen in the air is reduced to perhydroxyl anion at the cathode, and then converted into hydrogen peroxide in the first device, the process is to generate calcium peroxide with the help of calcium salt precipitation, filter and decompose, decompose hydrogen peroxide with CO2, and produce calcium carbonate for recycling. The production of hydrogen peroxide by this method is simple, low cost and non-polluting, but the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the product is low.

3) Alcohol oxidation. The method is developed by Shell and DUPONT companies, the United States and the former Soviet Union have built industrial production units with isopropanol as raw material, and the alcohol used in the process, in addition to isopropanol, there are cyclohexanol, 1-phenylethanol, etc., but isopropanol is mostly used, and acetone is co-produced at the same time. This method does not use any catalyst, and uses air to automatically oxidize to produce hydrogen peroxide, but the steam cost is large, and the co-production of acetone is generally not advantageous.

4) Direct conversion of hydrogen and oxygen. The method uses water as the reaction medium, almost no organic matter, only a small amount of bromide as a co-catalyst, PT (such as PT C) as a catalyst, hydrogen and oxygen (or air) as raw materials, under the conditions of 0-25 reaction temperature and pressure, continuous reaction to synthesize hydrogen peroxide. The whole process of synthesizing hydrogen peroxide by this method does not produce any organic matter, basically no waste, but the selectivity of hydrogen peroxide in the product is low, and the danger is also great, so far there is no report on industrial production, but the development potential is huge.

This method will be the focus of research and development in the world for a period of time to come.

5) Anthraquinone method. This method uses anthraquinones as hydrogen carriers (or working carriers) to react hydrogen and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. This method is currently the most important method for industrial production of hydrogen peroxide, and its output accounts for an absolute advantage, accounting for about 95% of the world's total hydrogen peroxide output

The method is to dissolve anthraquinone derivatives (generally 2-alkyl anthraquinone) in organic solvents to prepare a working solution, most of the process contains an appropriate amount of tetrahydroanthraquinone in the working solution, and then hydrogenate the working solution in the presence of a catalyst to generate anthraquinone; In the absence of any catalyst, oxidation is carried out with air or oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide and anthraquinone (recycling); Finally, it is extracted with pure water, refined and concentrated to obtain hydrogen peroxide of various concentrations; The extract is recycled and recycled. The industrial production technology of this method has been very mature, advanced technology, high degree of automation, low cost and energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production of hydrogen peroxide.

1. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide production method

The quinone-containing air electrode for the production of alkaline hydrogen peroxide is characterized by the fact that each pair of electrodes is composed of a wide anode plate, a plastic mesh, a cationic diaphragm and a quinone-containing air cathode, and the upper and lower ends of the electrode working area are provided with a distribution chamber for entering the fluid and a collection room for discharging the fluid, and a throttle hole is arranged at the inlet of the fluid envy.

Ethylanthraquinone method:

The main method of industrial-scale production is the 2-ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) method. 2-ethyl anthraquinone reacts with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst at a certain temperature and pressure to form 2-ethyl hydroanthraquinone, 2-ethyl hydroanthraquinone undergoes redox reaction with oxygen at a certain temperature and pressure, 2-ethyl hydroanthraquinone is reduced to produce 2-ethylanthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide is generated at the same time, and then an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is obtained by extraction.

At present, anthraquinone method is widely used in China.

Diethylanthraquinone, heavy aromatic hydrocarbons, and trioctyl phosphate are used to prepare a working solution, and hydrogen is introduced for hydrogenation under the conditions of a pressure of megapascals, a temperature between 55 and 65 degrees Celsius, and the presence of a catalyst.

It is then subjected to countercurrent oxidation with air (or oxygen) at 40 to 44 degrees Celsius, and is extracted, regenerated, refined and concentrated to produce an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass fraction of 20 to 30 percent. Anthraquinone technology has a high degree of automation control, low product cost and energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale production.

The chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide is Ho, because there are two O's, so the skin tremor is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide. The appearance is a colorless transparent liquid, which is a strong oxidant, and its aqueous solution is suitable for medical wound disinfection, environmental disinfection and food disinfection.

In general, it will decompose into water and oxygen, but the decomposition rate is extremely slow, and the way to speed up the reaction is to add a catalyst - manganese dioxide or irradiate it with short-wave rays. After decomposition, oxygen and water are generated. It is a key point of laboratory oxygen production in junior high school chemistry.

Chemical Properties:

1. Oxidation.

Hydrogen peroxide is highly oxidizing and is a very strong oxidizing agent.

2. Reducibility.

It reacts with strong oxidants such as chlorine and potassium permanganate to produce oxygen.

3. In 10ml of 10% sample solution, add 5ml of dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) and 1ml of potassium permanganate test solution (TS-193). Bubbles should occur, and the purplish-red color of potassium permanganate disappears. It is acidic to litmus and explosive in case of organic matter.

4. Oxygen and water are liberated by organic matter and heat, and the reaction is violent when encountering chromic acid, potassium permanganate, metal and carbonic acid. In order to prevent decomposition, trace amounts of stabilizers such as sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate, and so on can be added.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - hydrogen peroxide.

1.A brief introduction to the hydrogen peroxide production process.

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent, which is widely used in disinfection, sewage treatment and other fields. Its production process is mainly divided into two types: electrolysis method and free radical method. The electrolysis method is to use dilute sulfuric acid and water-dissolved salts as electrolytes in an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen peroxide.

The free radical method is to excite free radicals in water molecules by ultrasound, ultraviolet rays, etc., to produce hydrogen peroxide.

2.Electrolytic production process.

The electrolysis method to produce hydrogen peroxide requires mixing dilute sulfuric acid and brine, placing it in an electrolyzer, and adding electrodes for electrolysis. After the reaction, a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide liquid is generated, and the final product is obtained after separation and evaporation. The process of producing hydrogen peroxide by electrolysis is simple, but the production cost is high because it needs to consume a lot of electricity.

3.Free radical production process.

The process of producing hydrogen peroxide by free radical method is relatively novel, which uses ultrasound, ultraviolet rays and other methods to stimulate free radicals in water molecules, and then achieves the effect of producing hydrogen peroxide. The free radical method can reduce the production cost, but the purity of the product is slightly lower.

4.Areas of application of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide has a strong redox effect, and can disinfect, bleach, purify water and other practical functions. Therefore, it is widely used in medical, hygiene, daily chemical, textile, food, beverage and other fields. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is also used as a propellant in rocket and missile engines, as well as in industrial catalysts.

5.Hydrogen peroxide is used in food applications.

Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in food processing and post-processing processes for food disinfection and bleaching. In food processing, hydrogen peroxide is used to produce dough, bake, season, clean and more. In the post-processing process, hydrogen peroxide can be used to disinfect alcohol, barbecue, etc., to ensure the hygiene and safety of food.

6.Medical applications of hydrogen peroxide.

The application of hydrogen peroxide in the medical field is mainly disinfection and bleaching. It is widely used in hospital operating rooms, wards, instrument cleaning, wound disinfection and other links. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is also used for oral diseases such as mouth ulcers and bad breath, as well as sinusitis, inflammation and other diseases.

7.Hydrogen peroxide wastewater treatment applications.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in the field of wastewater treatment. In the process of sewage treatment, hydrogen peroxide can oxidize organic matter, so as to achieve the effect of purifying sewage. In addition, in the water treatment process, hydrogen peroxide can also eliminate metal ions, kill bacteria, oxidize heavy metals and other pollutants in the water.

8.Safety issues with hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide Bixiao water is a strong oxidizing agent, and if you don't pay attention to how to use it, it can easily cause danger. When using hydrogen peroxide, it is necessary to follow the prescribed recipe and operating procedures and avoid mixing with other substances. In addition, long-term exposure to hydrogen peroxide can lead to inflammation and other problems, so when using hydrogen peroxide, it is necessary to pay attention to lorking to protect your hands.