What do planes land and take off at night?

Aircraft landing and take-off at night rely on: GPS satellite positioning, radar.

The working principle of the GPS positioning system is to collect the observation data and meteorological information of each monitoring station by the ground main control station, calculate the ephemeris and satellite clock correction number of each satellite, and inject this information into the GPS satellite through the injection station on the ground according to the specified format. When measuring positioning, the user can use the receiver's stored ephemeris to get the rough position of each satellite. Based on these data and its own position, the computer selects four satellites with a large angle between the satellite and the user connection as the observation objects.

During observation, the receiver uses the information generated by the code generator to correlate with the signal received by the satellite, and measures the pseudodistance between the user and the satellite based on the time scale and subframe count of the navigation message.

Radar, is the transliteration of the English radar, derived from the abbreviation of radio detection and ranging, which means:"Radio detection and ranging", that is, to discover targets by radio methods and determine their spatial position. For this reason, radar is also known as "radiolocation". Radar is an electronic device that uses electromagnetic waves to detect targets.

The radar emits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target and receive its echoes, thereby obtaining information such as the distance from the target to the electromagnetic wave emission point, the distance change rate (radial velocity), azimuth, and altitude.

Airplanes are flown based on weather conditions, and if you have a good line of sight, you can fly with your eyes. Takeoff. Landing.

Generally, civil aircraft are flown according to the provisions of the flight plan, and they are generally piloted after takeoff.

What if the weather is bad, rain or haze, flying into the clouds or the weather at night, and you can't see the surroundings?

The aircraft also has instruments that can be used to navigate the pilot, and the instruments are divided into satellite GPS positioning and radar tracking.

Satellite positioning is for driving positioning and navigation direction, and radar is for ground air traffic controllers to monitor and command direction.

If you say that landing at night, it can be used to land and take off, just like flying with instruments as mentioned above.

As long as you aim at the runway, get the command and permission of the airport tower, and you can take off and land. Follow the direction of the tower and you won't hit other aircraft.

The landing method is to land according to one meter.

As long as the plane is aimed at the azimuth table, there is an invisible channel room at the airport and shoots into the sky, and after the plane catches it, it will descend to a certain altitude along that channel, and then change to manual piloting and land on the runway.

You don't know how to land without training.

Where the nose of the plane is round, that is the radar dome. Antennas all around. All are professional precision instruments.

The plane flew before 2 a.m. at night and stopped flying after 2 p.m., and it was 4 a.m. in Xinjiang. On May 11, 2002, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) issued a series of safety regulations, including a ban on any domestic flight taking off and landing across zero hours, i.e. on red-eye flights.

Sacrifice the ban. As a result of this ban, the scheduling of some long-haul routes has been restricted, increasing the strain on airport resources. In 2006, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) issued a notice to extend the passenger flight schedule from 0:00 to 2:00 a.m. in China and to 4 a.m. in Xinjiang.

The night flight of the aircraft and the bats have radar. The aircraft flies at night by radar, and the working principle of bats and radars is sound wave detection, by emitting sound waves, encountering objects and then back, to ensure the safety of flying at night. I believe that anyone who has ever been on a plane knows, in fact, if you have not been on a plane, you know that even if it is dark at night, the plane can fly safely and smoothly, because of the installation of radar devices.

When bats fly in the dark, they use their throats to emit an ultrasound wave that is inaudible to the human ear, which is emitted outward through their mouth and nose. Ultrasound waves create echoes when they hit something, which are picked up by the bat's ears and used to determine the distance and size of the object. With this unique radar system, bats can fly freely in the dark without the help of their eyes.

The role of radar

Radar is the use of extremely short radio waves.

According to this principle, the radar transmits the radio waves and then uses the receiving device to receive the reflected radio waves, so that the direction, distance, and size of the target can be measured, and the received radio waves can be reflected on the indicator to obtain the image of the detected target.

Radar is not affected by climatic conditions in use, and is widely used in military, astronomy, meteorology, navigation, aviation, etc. In fact, the invention of radar predates the scientific discovery of the echolocation capabilities of bats. Hertz, 1888.

It is already possible to generate radio waves with instruments. In 1917, Robert Watson Watt successfully designed thunderstorms.

Positioning device, which marked the birth of the radar. It wasn't until 1930 that two American college students brought bats into the university's physics laboratory and stumbled upon the fact that bats could emit ultrasound.

The navigation system of modern aircraft is very developed, and the pilot can clearly know the current location, as well as whether there is another aircraft flying nearby, and the distance without seeing the external scenery at all, through radar, ground navigation, GPS satellite positioning and other information. Therefore, normal flight at night does not rely on the pilot's eyes, and basically completely depends on radar and other instruments.

However, when taking off and landing, the pilot's eyes still play a great role, because in addition to some airstrips, regular airports will have runways and landing indicators and other devices to guide the aircraft to land, and pilots may even see the runway at night than during the day at some airports. And some airports are equipped with blind landing equipment that can even guide the plane to land when the runway is not visible at all in the distance in fog.

Due to safety concerns, the Civil Aviation Administration of China suspended the so-called "red-eye flights" some time ago, that is, flights that take off late at night and arrive in the early morning. This is not because the plane cannot fly, but because this time is the normal time for people to sleep, and at this time, neither the pilot, the ground staff nor other airport staff will be in a good mental state, which will pose a threat to flight safety.

When an airplane takes off or lands, it is considered the most dangerous moment because:

1. When the aircraft takes off or lands, it flies in the troposphere, and the airflow changes a lot, which is unstable and has a great impact on the aircraft.

2. The power and altitude of the aircraft when the aircraft takes off or lands are limited, and once an accident occurs, the aircraft has little room for correction.

The propeller is not responsible for making the aircraft take off or land, the propeller is responsible for the forward motion of the aircraft, and the wings make the aircraft take off.

When a certain speed is reached, the lift generated by the wings is greater than the weight of the aircraft itself, and the plane takes off.

The vast majority of civil airliners today are jet planes and do not have propellers. Aircraft do not spiral up or down around the airport during take-off and landing. Unless there is no empty runway for the plane to land, the plane has to hover in the air and wait for the runway to vacate.

Why is it the most dangerous for aircraft to take off and land, and the accident rate of aircraft landing is as high as 49%.

It is not possible for an aircraft to fly at night with radar alone. The most common way to fly at night is to rely on flight instruments and radio navigation equipment.

If there are no instruments indicating the attitude of the aircraft and indicating flight data (speed, altitude, ascent speed, heading, etc.......etc.), the pilot can't know the state of the plane, it's like a headless fly flying around, it's very dangerous, and it's very likely to crash the plane; Without radio navigation equipment, you may not be able to find the airport where you are landing, which is also dangerous.

The radar on the aircraft mainly has:

1. Airborne interception radar, which is used to measure the position of enemy aircraft in order to attack, according to the order of the ground command post.

2. Airborne navigation radar, which displays ground images for normal flight in the case of dense fog and heavy rain at night.

4. Fire control radar, the fire control mine file Chada of modern combat aircraft has a variety of functions.

1.Take-off and landing are the most dangerous part of the flight, and the main reasons for turning off the lights are as follows: 1 Passengers are requested to help observe the external environment, especially those near the wings, and if they see anything wrong, such as engine smoke or flaps not functioning properly, passengers can report to the captain immediately. 2 Because it is the most dangerous for the aircraft during take-off.

If there is an accident, our eyes are aware of the light outside.

It is easy to find the situation in the outside world 2The aircraft is the most dangerous part of the whole flight during take-off and landing, and the main reasons for pulling up the visor are as follows: It is not to open the window, but to open the visor. 1 Passengers are requested to observe the external environment, especially those near the wings, and report to the captain immediately if they see something wrong, such as engine smoke or flaps not functioning properly.

2 Because it is the most dangerous for the aircraft during take-off.

If there is an accident, our eyes are aware of the light outside.

It is easy to find the situation in the outside world 3 If an accident occurs, the ambulance personnel who rush to support can observe the environment inside the aircraft through the window and speed up the rescue work. Although it seems like some trifles.

But in fact, the consequences of not doing so can be very serious. Cabin crew members are not looking for nothing to do.

To embarrass passengers.

Just for everyone's safety.

Please don't challenge them the next time you fly! image

Listen to it for the first time! Interesting and interesting

Pull the window leaves up.

It's a pull buried. Shut it off.

Instead of opening. If it's right.

I want someone who really understands to explain.

The most dangerous part of an airplane's wings during take-off and landing to support the wind may come loose during take-off and landing"The window leaves are to be pulled up to allow the flight attendants and passengers to see what is going on with the wings. If there is a loosening situation, you can immediately notify the captain. Although it's not too detailed, I hope it can help you!