The name of the metal and its main physical properties and uses

The physical properties that metals generally share are as follows:

1. Electrical conductivity.

Since the electrons of the metal tend to detach, it has good electrical conductivity.

2. Resistivity.

Metallic elements. In compounds it is usually positively charged, but when the temperature is higher, because it is affected by the nucleus.

The resistance will become larger.

3. Stretchability.

The link between the metal molecules is the metallic bond.

Therefore, the connection can be re-established by changing positions at will, which is also the reason for the good stretchability of the metal.

1. The metal in front of hydrogen can react with weak oxidizing strong acid to replace the hydrogen in the acid (concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, strong oxidizing strong acid react with metal and do not generate hydrogen).

2. Metals with strong activity can react with metal salt solutions with weak activity.

3. Most metals can react with oxygen.

4. Theoretically, the metals in front of h can have a chemical reaction with water. At room temperature, potassium, calcium, sodium, etc. can react violently with water, magnesium, aluminum, etc. can react with hot water, and metals such as iron can react with water vapor at high temperatures.

5. Metals have no oxidation, but metal ions have oxidation, and the weaker the activity, the stronger the ionic oxidation of the metal.

6. Metals have reducibility, and the weaker the activity, the weaker the reducibility of metals.

Metal is a substance with lustrous (i.e., strong reflection of visible light), malleable, easy to conduct electricity, heat and other properties. The vast majority of metal elements on Earth exist in nature in a chemical state. This is because most metals are chemically active, and only a very small number of metals such as gold and silver exist in a free state.

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Analysis: For example, metals are shiny, opaque, easy to conduct electricity and heat, malleable, etc., which are the common physical properties of metals, and these commonalities make us think that metals must have some similar internal structures, so what is the structure of metals?

Except for mercury, which is liquid at room temperature, all other metals are generally crystalline at room temperature. X-ray studies have shown that metal atoms are tightly packed in layers like hard balls in crystals. Metal atoms have fewer valence electrons, and they are easy to lose electrons and become metal ions, and the released valence electrons can move freely throughout the crystal, and these electrons are called "free electrons".

The strong interaction between metal ions and free electrons causes many metal ions to combine with each other to form crystals.

Under normal circumstances, the movement of free electrons in the metal has no certain direction, but under the condition of external electric field, the free electrons will move directionally in the metal to form an electric current, so the metal is easy to conduct electricity.

The thermal conductivity of metals is also related to free electrons, which often collide with metal ions in motion and cause the exchange of energy between the two. When a part of the metal is heated, the energy of the free electrons in which region increases, the rate of motion accelerates, and the energy is transferred to other metal ions by colliding with free electrons, and the metal is transferred from the high temperature part to the low temperature part by the movement of free electrons, so that the whole metal reaches the same temperature. Generally speaking, metals with good electrical conductivity also have good thermal conductivity, and the metal with the best electrical conductivity is silver (Cu, Au, Al, Zn, etc.).

When the metal is subjected to external force, relative sliding will occur between the layers, but because the strong interaction between metal ions and free electrons still exists, the metal only undergoes deformation, but will not break, and this ductility of the metal makes the metal have good machining properties. Different metals have different malleability sizes, such as platinum and gold are particularly malleable, platinum's ductility is among the best in metals (in order, Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Fe, etc.), and the diameter of the thinnest platinum wire does not exceed 1 400 of the diameter of a hairThe malleability of gold is second to none among metals (in order, ag, al, cu, etc.), and the thinnest gold leaf is only 1 cm thick, even if 100,000 pieces of this gold leaf are overlapped.

1. Metals have metallic luster: most metals have silvery-white metallic luster, and the color of a few metals is relatively unique, such as copper is purple red, and gold is golden yellow.

2. Solids: Except for mercury, which is liquid, most metals are solids.

3. Conductivity: In the electric field, free electrons can move directionally, and there is an electric current.

4. Thermal conductivity: free electrons collide with metal ions to exchange senjin energy.

5. Ductility: It will not break the metal bond of the metal when deformed. Ductility: Drawn into filaments of this sock. Malleability: The property of pressing into thin sheets.

The physical properties of metals, which are detailed below:

1. Summary of nature:

1. The physical properties of metals are manifested in their crystal structure, electrical conductivity, resistivity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density, expansion coefficient, etc. Metals have very good conductive conductivity, and it can be said that most of the world's energy transfer and use are inseparable from metals.

2. The surface activation energy of metal materials is relatively low, and it is easy to form easy-flowing free electron gases, so many application fields such as solid electrolytes and liquid metals have emerged.

2. Detailed nature:

1. The crystal structure of metals: The crystal structure of metals is different from other materials, and the atoms in the crystal are arranged tightly and orderly, usually simple cube, body-centered cube, face-centered cube or other crystal structure combinations with efficient molecular spacing and various types. This high efficiency can affect the physical function of the metal from the structural point of view, so that the metal has a variety of extraordinary properties.

2. Conductivity of metals: The free flux of metals to current is very high, so it has good conductivity, and various metals also show different conductivity. Due to the fact that the outermost layer of valence and electricity in the metal material is small, and it is a negatively charged electron, under the action of the external electric field, these electrons are easy to be electrons, and the current can be formed in the external electric field to travel regularly, realize rapid transmission, and produce the effect of trying to make the electric power light or heat up.

3. Resistivity of metals: The resistivity of metals is low, which is also the most important feature of metals that distinguish them from other metals. The resistivity of the metal is related to the temperature of the material, and when the temperature of the metal increases, the uncertain nucleus will rub and wear the negative electrons, thereby reducing the electron energy between the positive and negative electrons, resulting in an increase in resistivity.

4. Thermal conductivity of metal: The thermal conductivity of metal is high, which means that it can quickly transfer heat to the surrounding area to achieve the purpose of heat transfer, which is very helpful for some applications that require rapid heat dissipation. The thermal conductivity of a metal is related to the temperature of the material, and in thermalism, this can scientifically explain the process of heat conduction.

There are five properties of metals:1. Metals generally have good ductility, and the ductility of metals can be used to make metals into the desired shapes, such as metal molds.

2. Metals have good electrical and thermal conductivity, such as making metals into electrodes, heating utensils, etc.

3. Metals are generally solid, such as iron, copper, aluminum, etc. Only mercury is a special metal, which is normally present in a liquid state.

4. Metals generally exist in the form of chemical compounds, because the properties of metals are relatively active, and a few metals such as gold, platinum, silver, bismuth and free metals have no oxidation, but metal ion fiber mountain has oxidation, and the weaker the activity of the metal to form the stronger the ionic oxidation. Metals have reducibility in waxing, and the weaker the activity, the weaker the reducibility of metals.

5. Most metals can react with oxygen.