Talking about the language of ancient Chinese poetry, ancient Chinese poetry is also called

Ancient poetry includes poems, lyrics, and songs.

1 From the form of poetry, it can be divided into:

Ancient style poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poems. Note that poems of ancient poetry genres such as "song", "song line", "introduction", "song" and "呤" also belong to ancient poetry. Ancient style poems do not talk about battles, and the rhyme is freer.

The development trajectory of ancient style poetry: "Book of Songs" Chu Ci, Han Fu, Han Yuefu, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs, Jian'an Poems, Tao Poems and other literati five-character poems, the ancient style of the Tang Dynasty, and the new Yuefu.

Near-style poems, including rhythmic poems and quatrains.

Words, also known as poems, long and short sentences, tunes, tunes, songs, music, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, and the word has a fixed sound.

The number of words can be divided into long tone (more than 91 words), middle tone (59 90 words), and small order (less than 58 words). Words are divided into monotone and bitonal, bitonal is divided into two large paragraphs, the two paragraphs are equal or roughly equal in the number of words, monotony is only one paragraph. The first paragraph is called the front que, the upper que, and the upper piece, and the second paragraph is called the back que, the lower que, and the lower piece.

Qu, also known as the word Yu, Yuefu. Yuan songs include loose songs and miscellaneous operas. Sanqu arose in Jin, flourished in Yuan, and the style and words are similar.

Features: You can add words in the number of words, and use more spoken language. There are two kinds of loose songs: small reams and sets (sets).

The number of sets is a coherent set of songs, at least two, and more than dozens. Each set of numbers is based on the song card of the first song as the name of the whole set, and the whole set must be in the same house key. It is not a bin white kesuke, only for cappella.

2 From the subject matter of poetry, it can be divided into:

Lyrical poems about scenery, lyrics about landscapes and scenic spots, and lyrical poems describing natural scenery. In ancient times, due to dissatisfaction with reality, some poets often placed their affection on the mountains and rivers, and conveyed their thoughts and feelings by depicting the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poem often places the emotions to be expressed in the scenery described later, which is often referred to as the allegorical scene.

Its style is fresh and natural.

In the poetry of Yongwu Yanzhi, the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and character of the thing he sings, so as to express the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideals.

Instant sentimental poetry, because of a cause that triggers the poet's feelings, such as nostalgia, homesickness, missing friends, etc.

The nostalgic epic poetry uses historical allusions as the theme, or expresses one's own opinions, or uses the past to satirize the present, or expresses the feelings of vicissitudes of life.

The poems of the Frontier Expedition describe the scenery of the Frontier and the military life of the soldiers on the Frontier, or express the emotions of their optimism and heroism or lovesickness, with a tragic and magnificent style and bold gestures.

Heroic and majestic: This style of poetry mostly uses imposing and rhythmic language to create a broad and novel image, creating a more magnificent and far-reaching artistic conception, and expressing the poet's positive thoughts and feelings. As Li Bai wrote in "The Ballad of Lushan Sends Lu to the Imperial Void Boat":

Ascending the spectacular world, the river is boundless and does not return. The yellow clouds are moving, and the white waves are nine snow-capped mountains. ”

Depression and frustration: Depression is deep and subtle. The depressed poet seems to have a thousand words in his chest, and then he mutters again and again before he writes about it.

For example, Du Fu's "Ascending" "Thousands of miles of sad autumn are often guests, and he has been on stage alone after a hundred years of illness." Hardship, bitterness, hatred, frost and sideburns, pouring down a new turbid wine glass. Depression and frustration have also become the label of Du Fu's poetry.

Generous and tragic: The works of this style are full of thoughts and tragic, high-spirited, full of emotion for the times, or the heroes are not aspiring to the times, or they are sad and chaotic, worried about the country and the people, depressed in their hearts, and indignant. For example, Chen Ziang's "Song of Dengyouzhou" "I don't see the ancients before, and I don't see the comers after."

Thinking of the world and the world, I was alone and wept. ”

For example, the "noisy" of Song Qi's "Red Apricot Branches in Spring" is particularly well used, showing the specific characteristics of apricot blossoms: bright, warm, and red like fire, giving people a feeling of noisy noise, and also showing the lively scene of apricot blossom branches and bees flying butterflies.

2. Implicit. Its characteristic is to hide thoughts and feelings in the image, so that "the intention is beyond the words" and "the words are endless and the meaning is endless". For example, Li Shangyin's "Chang'e" "mica screen candle shadow is deep, and the long river gradually falls, and the stars sink."

Chang'e should repent of stealing the elixir, the blue sea and the blue sky and the night heart". This poem is very subtle, and it is a negation of the pursuit of immortals and Taoism at that time. Chang'e stole the elixir of immortality that Hou Yi asked for from the Queen Mother of the West, became a fairy, entered the Moon Palace, and lived forever.

But living in the blue sea and blue sky, alone, very lonely. What is the point of immortality?

3. Refining. It is characterized by summarizing a wealth of content in a minimum of words, and every word is fine. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Autumn Thoughts", the whole poem has 28 characters, describing five groups of pictures, each picture has a center, and the center of the whole painting is "people (people with broken intestines)".

4. Fresh. It is characterized by novel and unconventional language. Freshness is generally used in writing scenery poems, the general poetry style is more beautiful, the language is more popular, the metaphor is novel and unique, and it contains the author's joy.

The fresh wind is often found in some of the following poems. First, most of the landscape and pastoral poets, Tao Qian's poems are mainly plain, and sometimes they are not lacking in freshness, while Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's poems are relatively fresh.

5. Bland, also known as rustic. It is characterized by the use of precise words to state directly, or in white without embellishment, appearing real and profound, and approachable. Blandness is different from mediocrity and blandness and tastelessness, it is deep feelings and rich thoughts in simple language, full of affection, so it is often plain and thoughtful.

As Wang Anshi said: It seems to be the most insipid, but it is easy but hard.

Plain first recommend Tao Yuanming, there are not many people who can write poems to be bland, Li Yu's words are definitely not bland, on the contrary, with a strong power of inspiration.

6. Gorgeous. It is characterized by rich rhetoric, splendid literary brilliance, and fantastical feelings. Such as Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring".

For example, the spring trip to Qiantang Lake: several early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose spring swallows cut spring mud.

7. Bright. It is characterized by being categorical and unambiguous. Such as Bai Juyi's "Charcoal Seller".

There is no brighter than Bai Juyi. Others, such as subtle simplicity, are not unique to that one poet, and most poets have some of them. In fact, when doing the question, we often can't isolate a feature, but often say it together, such as concise and bright, fresh and plain, and so on.

And the language style of the poem is far from being summed up by these words.

8. Be concise. It is characterized by cleanliness and conciseness. Such as Jia Island's "Title Li Ning's Secluded Residence". Colloquial, clear as words.