Scientific research results of humans in the microbial community 5

Microbiology is a part of biology that studies particle organisms at the molecular level, such as bacteria, viruses, etc. To study the morphological structure of these tiny organisms, so as to derive their growth laws and the basic range of life activities, and extend these studies to industrial development, medical engineering, etc., to provide more accurate biological theories for scientific research. So, what are the scientific achievements of microbiology?

Achievements in health care have been studied by microorganisms, and scientists have established many health care technologies, such as surgical sterilization, which is based on the "cell theory", which can reduce the mortality rate of surgical procedures. In addition, there are some studies on pathogens, such as some bacilli, streptococcus, etc., to isolate these pathogenic bacteria and conduct research on their lives, so as to reduce the harm of these germs to the human body. Scientists have also developed a lot of chemical agents, which can be used to carry out more fundamental drugs for human beings, and it is also an important scientific research achievement in chemistry.

Although the research on microbiology is mainly applied to the biological field, the results of the industrial sector have also had a significant impact on the industrial side. The study of the basic laws of life of some tiny organisms has made a greater breakthrough in the development of fermentation technology. In addition, on the industrial side, microbiology research has also provided some cultivation methods and techniques that affect the metabolism of pathogens in the fermentation industry.

The study of microbiology has provided a large number of engineering technologies for industrial development and promoted industrial development.

As we all know, there are a lot of materials on our earth, most of which we can't see with the naked eye, so microbiology research is needed at this time. In microbiology, some small substances in the food chain are studied, and these research techniques are used for ecological protection, as well as for the treatment of some sewage pollutants. In terms of ecology, microbiology not only provides an important research direction, but also promotes the cycle of matter in nature.

First of all, a lot of biologists have been trained, and there are also a lot of related medical technologies, such as the development of a lot of vaccines, and then there are also anti-cancer drugs, as well as some diseases, and then there are also cell reproduction technology, as well as cloning technology.

The study of bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and spirochetes is very important.

The first place: Dutch scholar Lüwenhoek, using a microscope of his own making, which can be magnified by 160 times, observed for the first time the small and large bacteria in the individual. and published the book "Secrets of Nature".

Hooke's second place: Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist, founder of modern microbiology. Known as the father of microbiology.

Just as Newton opened up classical mechanics, Pasteur opened up the field of microbiology, created a set of unique basic research methods in microbiology, and began to use the method of "practice-theory-practice" to start research.

Third place: Watson. The discovery and establishment of a double helix model of DNA structure ushered in a new stage of molecular biology research. Watson.

French scientist Pasteur, contribution: discovered that the real cause of fermentation is microorganisms, invented Bazhuan.

The Stead disinfection method has overturned the theory of spontaneous generation of life and invented a variety of vaccines.

1.The greatest contribution of microorganisms to human beings is that as decomposers, they participate in the material and energy cycle of the food chain. At the same time, there is no nutrition for the growth of other plants**.

2.Microorganisms can be pharmaceutical, penicillin, cephalosporin and other common antibiotics Western medicine are produced from microorganisms, some genetically modified microorganisms can even produce their own non-production, need to be extracted from the animal drugs, such as: thymus hormone.

In addition, cyanobacteria such as spirulina are good health supplements in their own right.

3.Microorganisms can be used to produce food, and the fermentation of steamed buns, bread, sake, and vinegar is inseparable from microorganisms. In addition to being eaten directly to humans, the production of some organic fertilizers is also carried out by microorganisms.

4.Microorganisms can restore the ecological environment, and many polluted environments, such as urban sewage canals, can degrade organic pollutants and reduce pollution through microbial methods.

5.Microorganisms can indicate and monitor the environment, such as the Beijing Olympics tap water biological monitoring, which uses luminescent bacteria, which can alarm even toxic pollution in the water.

6.Microorganisms can produce energy, and research into the use of microalgae to produce hydrogen and oil is currently in full swing both nationally and internationally.

7.Microbe**.

。1. Prokaryotes (mostly.

bacteria) and humans.

With the exception of a subset of pathogenic bacteria, most bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans. For example:

1. Bacteria in lake bottoms and swamp silt produce natural gas; (Methanobacteria) 2. Use the fermentation of certain bacteria to make vinegar, monosodium glutamate and other condiments and yogurt, kimchi and other pickled foods; (lactic acid bacteria).

3. The nitrogen fixation of rhizobia provides nitrogen nutrients for leguminous plants to grow;

4. Saprophytic bacteria decompose the remains of various organisms and convert them into substances that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and play an important role in the material cycle of the earth.

The relationship between fungi (including yeasts and molds) and humans.

On the plus side:

1. Edible and medicated;

2. Its fermentation effect can be used to brew wine, vinegar, soy sauce, fermented bean curd and produce bread and steamed bread;

3. Widely used in chemical industry;

4. Decompose animal and plant residues and participate in the material cycle.

The Harmful Side:

1. Cause mold and mildew of food;

2. Cause certain diseases of human beings, poisoning, etc.

Fermentation engineering has been widely used in many fields such as pharmaceutical industry, food industry, agriculture, metallurgical industry, environmental protection and so on, and has gradually formed a large-scale fermentation industry. In some developed countries, the total output value of the fermentation industry accounts for about 5% of the gross national product.

Application in the pharmaceutical industry.

The application of fermentation engineering in the pharmaceutical industry has achieved remarkable results, producing such as antibiotics, vitamins, animal hormones, medicinal amino acids, nucleotides (such as inosine), etc. At present, there are more than 100 commonly used antibiotics, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, erythromycins and tetracyclines. In addition, the genetically engineered drugs produced in large quantities by fermentation engineering include growth hormone, recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, some types of monoclonal antibodies, interleukin-2, antihemophilia, etc.

Applications in the food industry.

Fermentation engineering is widely used in the food industry, mainly including:

Clause. 1. The production of traditional fermented products, such as beer, fruit wine, vinegar, etc., has significantly improved the quality and output of the products.

Clause. Second, the production of food additives. Such as L-malic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, monascus, high fructose syrup, etc.

Clause. 3. Production of single-cell proteins.

1. The fermentation of various organic acids is obtained by microorganisms.

2. The fermentation of China's eight major liquors, as well as beer and red wine is also completed by microorganisms 3. The use of microbial fermentation to produce various antibiotics and vaccines for medical use 4. The use of microorganisms to control environmental pollution.

5. Use microorganisms to carry out bacterial metallurgy.

Our country has achieved remarkable results in the above areas.

Special achievement: Chinese scientists isolated the pathogen of trachoma for the first time and confirmed it to be chlamydia!

Pichia pastoris is used as host cells for efficient expression of enzymes and organic acids required for production.

In the history of microbiology, several important scientists and their significant contributions are briefly discussed.

The correct answer is inflated: In 1684, Leeuwenhoek discovered "micro-moving bodies" through a homemade microscope, i.e., bacteria, proto-auspicious animals, etc. 1798 Edward Jenner vaccinated against vaccinia against smallpox 1864 Pasteur completely refuted the theory of spontaneous generation 1866 Pasteur invented the low-temperature sterilization method 1881 Robert Koch studied the pure culture method of bacteria.

French scientist Pasteur, contribution: discovered that the real cause of fermentation is microorganisms, invented the Pasteur disinfection method, overturned the theory of the natural generation of life, and invented a variety of vaccines.