How to be alert for congenital hypothyroidism?

Pediatric congenital hypothyroidism, also known as cretinism, can be caused by congenital thyroid dysplasia or enzyme defects in the synthesis of thyroid hormone caused by a disease of hypothyroidism, which is due to the thyroid gland is not developed or underdeveloped, may be the mother suffering from some kind of thyroid disease, the thyroid antibody produced in the bloodstream, this self-imposed antibody through the placenta to the fetus, destroying all or part of the fetal thyroid tissue, or the maternal pregnancy with antithyroid drugs, inhibiting the synthesis of the thyroid system.

There is also a deficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is common in idiopathic hypopituitarism, or defects in hypothalamic and pituitary development, which reduce the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland, and may also be hypotropic thyroid or target organs.

In the neonatal period of physiological jaundice is prolonged, so there is abdominal distension and constipation after birth, more sleep, slow response to the outside world, feeding difficulties, low crying, hoarseness, low body temperature, typical symptoms can appear in the second half of the year, there are special faces, large head and short neck, **dryness, myxedema on the face, eyelid edema, widening of the eye distance, flat nose bridge, large and thick tongue, often sticking out of the mouth, abdominal distention, umbilical hernia, short stature, short trunk and limbs, slow movement, mental retardation, slow response, poor appetite, little exercise, dull expression.

If endemic hypothyroidism is caused by iodine deficiency, the central nervous system is obviously affected, and the child is characterized by mental retardation, spastic paralysis, and deaf-muteness.

At present, the obstetrics department of China has done the screening of children with hypothyroidism, and the fever cases are timely, but there are no sequelae, and the earlier it is found, the better the effect.

Hypothyroidism is also called hypothyroidism. It is a common and frequent disease of the thyroid gland. It is recommended to go to the thyroid department of a regular hospital.

Thyroid function tests are done, based on the results of the tests. **Effective** program. While taking the drug**, be sure to recheck it regularly.

Adjust the dosage of the drug as appropriate.

Hello, congenital hypothyroidism, i.e. congenital hypothyroidism. It is a common intellectual disability disease in childhood, no obvious manifestations in the early stage, once the symptoms appear, it is irreversible, also known as cretinism, this disease is found late to have a great impact on children's intellectual development, this disease can lead to short stature, mental retardation, medical generally believes that if found within 2 months, timely **, lifelong medication, intelligence is basically normal. If it is found more than 10 months old, the IQ can only reach 80% of the normal level, and if it is found at the age of more than 2 years, the intellectual backwardness is irreversible.

Iodine deficiency in the diet of pregnant women often leads to hypothyroidism in the fetus due to iodine deficiency during the embryonic stage.

According to statistics, the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China is about 1 3000, and there are more female infants than male infants (2:1), most of the children are born with no obvious abnormalities, and a few children can manifest as physiological jaundice prolongation in the neonatal period, constipation, abdominal distention, low crying, and feeding difficulties.

About 70% of children often do not have obvious symptoms until 6 months after birth, such as large head, wide eye distance, broad and flat nose bridge, large and thick tongue (macroglossia) and often sticking out of the mouth, short neck, pale and dry, sparse hair, facial myxedema, quiet and less crying, low crying and hoarseness, abdominal distention, and frequent constipation. Due to poor appetite and less eating, the child lags behind in growth and development, manifesting as short stature, long trunk and short limbs. The diagnosis can be confirmed by abnormalities in a set of three indicators of thyroid function, i.e., a significant increase in serum or thyroid hormone (TSH) and a decrease in free thyroid hormone (T4).

Regardless of the cause of congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxine is required for life** to maintain normal physiological function. If started within 1 to 4 months of life, the prognosis is quite good, with more than 80% of children achieving normal levels of intellectual development, but there may be some slight abnormalities in intelligence and co-ordination activities.

Hello! Congenital hypothyroidism, commonly known as cretinism, is a common congenital endocrine disorder. It is mainly due to congenital thyroid dysplasia or thyroxine synthesis disorder, which leads to a decrease in thyroxine secretion, which affects the normal development of children.

This disease is one of the diseases screened for neonatal diseases stipulated in the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law of the People's Republic of China. Notification of re-examination, indicating that the threshold value of primary screening is higher.

Generally, 48 to 72 hours after birth, the neonate's heel blood is taken for testing, and those who are suspected of being positive are screened, and then venous blood is taken for T3, T4, and TSH to see if there is any abnormality. If diagnosed, most of them will return to normal in about 2 months. Early detection and early detection can reduce severe disabilities such as neurodevelopmental disorders, growth retardation, and mental retardation in children.

Born to 28 days, called newborns, there may be some dysfunction, I recommend that there is no major problem after a month, you can find a pediatric specialist to ask again,

Hello! After the birth of the newborn, some functions are not complete, and now it is not certain, and it can only be confirmed by a laboratory test for a month. What is the normal range of the TSH value. It varies depending on the reagent.

The data of the reference value is also different, and the reference value is substituted on the test sheet each time, depending on this time.

Most infants with congenital hypothyroidism are not aware of the abnormality until months after birth or 1 or 2 years of age. It is often confused with other disorders at first, such as rickets, mental retardation, and achondroplasia. Therefore, it is necessary to observe carefully, detect early, and ** early.

In the neonatal period, patients with hypothyroidism often have difficulty feeding after birth, rarely cry, breathe superficially or have apnea, and often fall into a deep sleep. Hunger or no crying before urination, unresponsiveness, prolonged physiologic jaundice in neonates. Constipation and bloating usually occur immediately after birth.

At present, with the development of medical science and technology, neonatal cretinism can be detected early through TSH screening, and play a role in prevention and disease.

Thyroid hormone deficiency is severe in infancy, and a range of clinical manifestations can occur, as described above. Motor development, such as turning over, sitting, standing, walking, etc., lags behind children of the same age. Slow growth and development, delayed teething, short stature.

In early childhood, thyroid failure or inability to meet physiological needs leads to growth arrest, low intelligence, and inability to do simple intellectual games. The appearance is a special "little old man" face. Symptoms of cold intolerance and constipation worsen, and they are reluctant to exercise.

Yellowish complexion and mild to moderate anemia.

School-age and adolescent hypothyroidism is mostly acquired and is often caused by certain diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; or hypothyroidism after taking radioactive iodine**; or taking antithyroid drugs, and after surgery to remove the thyroid gland for hyperthyroidism or cancer; or hypoplasia or hypothyroidism due to ectopic thyroidism. Therefore, the onset of the disease is related to the early and late appearance of the primary disease, the later the onset of the disease, the lighter the impact on growth and development, most of the intellectual development can be normal, but the memory and comprehension ability are reduced, the face is not as typical as congenital hypothyroidism, there are symptoms such as sluggishness, constipation, abdominal distension, etc.

As long as hypothyroidism is diagnosed, it is necessary to adhere to **, do not check once a month, and the dosage can be checked once in 2-3 months after the dosage is adjusted, and the pure development of the ** mountain zone has a great relationship with thyroxine, but it also has a lot to do with the acquired education, go to kindergarten as soon as possible, play with older children of the same age every day, and do ** development back to help children's intellectual development. Retix and Eunaila are two drugs that are the same as each other, both are thyroxine, and both can be used.

Zhang Meihe, Beijing Children's Hospital.