What are the symptoms of myocardial ischemia?

Causes of myocardial ischemia. Coronary heart disease, the common cause of myocardial ischemia is coronary atherosclerosis; Age, the aging of blood vessels or the thickening of blood vessel walls in the elderly, especially the capillaries or arteries of the heart, will lead to poor blood flow; Other causes are inflammation, spasms, embolism, and other diseases.

Symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Typical symptoms are a towering and symmetrical T-wave, shortness of breath, chest pain after exertion, cyanosis of the extremities, chest and back pain, dyspnea; in exertion or nervousness, there is a dull pain or constriction in the retrosternal or precordial area; Symptoms such as chest tightness, palpitations, and shortness of breath during physical activity.

The first way of myocardial ischemia. Drugs **, antiplatelet drugs to prevent thrombosis, - receptor blockers, prevention of sudden death; calcium antagonists; statins, which lower cholesterol in the blood plasma and prevent plaques from falling off and forming blood clots; RAS system blocker, prevent ventricular remodeling, improve cardiac function, etc.; Other drugs include nitrates and thrombolytic drugs.

Note: Prevention of myocardial ischemia. Patients with myocardial ischemia should grasp several principles in diet, pay attention to a low-salt, low-fat and light diet, eat more vegetables such as sweet potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, etc., pay attention to emotions and avoid great joy and sorrow, and maintain adequate sleep.

Patients with symptomatic myocardial ischemia mainly present with discomfort and pain in the precordial area, and the symptoms in the precordial area will vary in different degrees of myocardial ischemia. Other common symptoms include arrhythmias, difficulty breathing, chest pain radiating to other areas, etc. Severe myocardial ischemia is often associated with arrhythmias and cardiac insufficiency, presenting with a variety of cardiac and systemic concomitant symptoms.

1. Typical symptoms.

1. Sullen pain in the retrosternal or precordial area, or constriction-like pain occurs during exertion or mental tension, and radiates to the left shoulder and left upper arm for 3 5 minutes, which can be relieved by itself after rest, accompanied by heavy sweating.

2. Chest tightness, palpitations, and shortness of breath occur during physical activity, which are relieved by themselves when resting.

3. Exercise-related sore throat, burning, tightness, toothache, etc.

4. Chest pain and tightness after full meals, cold, and drinking.

5. When the pillow is low at night, you feel chest tightness and breathlessness, and you need to lie in a high pillow position to feel comfortable; Sudden chest pain, palpitations, and difficulty breathing while asleep or lying flat during the day require immediate sitting or standing to relieve relief.

6. Palpitation, chest tightness, shortness of breath or chest pain and discomfort during sexual life or straining to defecate.

7. Sudden bradycardia, decreased blood pressure or syncope.

2. Accompanying symptoms.

Mild myocardial ischemia generally has no accompanying symptoms, but as the degree of ischemia increases, arrhythmias, cardiac insufficiency and other manifestations will occur, which can manifest as cardiovascular system, digestive system and systemic symptoms.

1. Arrhythmia-related symptoms: It can be seen in a variety of myocardial ischemic diseases, with myocardial infarction and ischemic cardiomyopathy being the most common, which can have no obvious manifestations, or manifest as chest tightness, palpitations, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as general fatigue, dizziness, and syncope.

4. Other systemic symptoms: 1. Fever: seen in myocardial infarction, it is a reaction caused by the absorption of necrotic substances, which generally does not exceed 39 degrees Celsius, and often appears 1 2 days after infarction and lasts for about 1 week.

2. Shock: It is mainly caused by large-scale myocardial infarction, and the cardiac output is sharply reduced, which can be manifested as symptoms such as decreased blood pressure, irritability, paleness, clammy coldness, rapid pulse, sweating, and apathy.

3. Other symptoms.

Patients without typical symptoms only experience stomach discomfort, nausea, or toothache or cervical spine pain.

What we call myocardial ischemia often refers to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, coronary artery stenosis, resulting in some clinical conditions in which the relative blood supply to the myocardium is insufficient. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by intermittent chest tightness and chest pain, which can be relieved by rest, and is generally related to activity.

It depends on the degree of atherosclerotic heart stenosis of the coronary arteries, and myocardial ischemia caused by narrower coronary artery stenosis can be treated with medications. If the coronary artery is severely stenosis, we need to open the blood vessels, which we call revascularization**, we can consider the application of interventional means**, with balloon dilation or stent implantation, to make the stenosis unobstructed, the myocardium will be improved, and the patient will be improved. Or enter the surgical bypass technique, so that myocardial ischemia is improved, and the patient will also get a significant improvement after recovery.