The difference in chemical properties between water and hydrogen peroxide

One more than hydrogen and one more oxygen.

Hydrogen peroxide is oxidizing.

Hydrogen peroxide is both oxidizing and reducing. Its oxidizing and reducing properties are both stronger than water. It cannot be said that water has no oxidation and reduction, for example, water can react with sodium metal to form hydrogen, which is the oxidation of hydrogen in the +1 valence state in the water molecule, and water is oxidized by fluorine gas to produce oxygen is the reduction of oxygen in the -2 valence state in water.

Hydrogen peroxide has one more oxygen atom than water, and from the perspective of molecular structure, hydrogen peroxide contains peroxide bonds O—O, which are very easy to break to form oxygen radicals [O], and [O] is oxidizing. From the perspective of valency, the oxygen in hydrogen peroxide is in a -1 valence state, so it is easy to be oxidized by an oxidant to oxygen of 0 valence, and it is also easy to be reduced to -2 valence water by a reducing agent. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is oxidized into oxygen when it encounters strong oxidants such as potassium permanganate, and it is reduced to water when it encounters reducing agents such as hydrogen sulfide or ferrous chloride.

In the absence of other substances, peroxide bonds are also easily broken, so hydrogen peroxide is unstable and slowly disproportionates to form oxygen and water.

1. Acidity and alkalinity.

H2O2 is a dibasic weak acid that is acidic.

H2O is neutral.

2. Oxidation.

H2O2 has strong oxidizing properties. The reduction product of H2O2 is H2O under acidic conditions and hydroxide under neutral or alkaline conditions.

H2O has weak oxidizing properties, and +1 valence H is reduced to H2 when it encounters strong reducing agents such as alkali metals

Note: The oxidation of H2O2 is mainly reflected in -1 valence O, while the oxidation of H2O is reflected in +1 valence H.

3. Reducibility.

The oxidation product of H2O2 is O2

H2O is oxidized to O2 only when it encounters a very strong oxidizing agent (e.g., F2).

4. Stability.

H2O2 can undergo a decomposition reaction to produce oxygen and water (slow decomposition), which can be accelerated by heating or adding a catalyst.

The stability of H2O is much greater than that of H2O2

(1) The properties of the same kind of molecules are the same, and the properties of different molecules are different, so the constituent elements of water and hydrogen peroxide are the same, but the chemical properties are different;

2) The arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond and graphite is different, so the physical properties are different;

3) It is the number of protons that determines the type of element, so sodium atom and sodium ion belong to the same element because the number of protons is the same;

4) Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon can all be used to smelt metals because they are all reducible;

5) Activated carbon is loose and porous and has adsorption;

6) The carbon content of pig iron is 2%, and the carbon content of steel is, so the properties of pig iron and steel are different, so the answer is: (1) molecular composition (molecular type); (2) the arrangement of atoms; (3) proton number (4) reduction; (5) Adsorption, loose and porous; (6) Carbon content

<> in an acidic or neutral environment, the strong oxidizing properties of potassium permanganate oxidize the O element in hydrogen peroxide to (oxygen), which is reduced to manganese dioxide.

Chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide:

1. Oxidation: (lead white [basic lead carbonate] in oil painting will react with hydrogen sulfide in the air to form black lead sulfide, which can be washed with hydrogen peroxide); Principle: lead sulfide, lead oxide, basic lead carbonate (alkaline medium is required).

2. Reducibility: hydrogen peroxide reacts with strong oxidants such as chlorine and potassium permanganate to produce oxygen.

3. In 10ml of 10% sample solution, add 5ml of dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) and 1ml of potassium permanganate test solution (TS-193). Bubbles should occur, and the purplish-red color of potassium permanganate disappears. It is acidic and pure cherry blossom to litmus. It is explosive in case of organic matter.

Chemical properties of potassium permanganate:

1. Oxidize and decompose it in ethanol and hydrogen peroxide.

2. Potassium permanganate is one of the strongest oxidants, which is greatly affected by pH as an oxidant and has the strongest oxidation ability in acidic solutions. Its corresponding acids are high-grade manganese acid and anhydride, both of which are strong oxidants, which can automatically decompose and heat, and cause combustion in contact with organic matter.

a) Hydrogen peroxide.

1. Molecular structure of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide is a polar molecule that contains polar and non-polar bonds.

its structural formula. is h-o-o-h, and the electronic formula is:

2. Physical properties of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless viscous liquid, and its aqueous solution is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide.

3. Chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide.

1) H2O2 is a dibasic weak acid with an acidic code file.

2. Oxidation.

h2o2＋so2＝h2so4

Note: The reduction product of H2O2 under acidic conditions is H2O, and the reduction product is hydroxide under neutral or alkaline conditions.

3. Reducibility.

2kmno4＋5h2o2＋3h2so4＝2mnso4＋k2so4＋5o2↑＋8h2o

h2o2＋cl2＝2hcl＋o2

Note: The oxidation product of H2O2 is O2

4) Instability.

4. The storage method of H2O2 is pretended.

In the laboratory, H2O2 is often bottled in a brown bottle and protected from light and placed in a cool place.

5. The use of H2O2.

It can be used as a disinfectant, fungicide, bleaching agent, dechlorination agent, pure H2O2 can also be used as an oxidant for rocket combustion.

The process of water formation is represented electronically:

h.+o: (there are two electrons above the o atom) +h --h: o:h (there are two more electrons above and below the o atom).

When a metal atom forms a cation, the outermost electron has been lost, but the electronic formula only draws the outermost electron, so when drawing the electronic formula of the cation, the original outermost electron is no longer drawn, but the charge number of the ion should be marked in the upper right corner of the element symbol. Therefore, the electronic formula of the metal cation is the ion symbol. The electronic formula of magnesium ion is Mg2+.

Physical properties: Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless or light blue viscous liquid, which can be miscible with water, alcohol and ether in any proportion, and insoluble in benzene and petroleum ether. Its melting point is, and the boiling point is decomposition).

Its density decreases with increasing temperature and is g cm when solidified. It has a higher dielectric constant and boiling point than water because it is more associative than water.

Chemical properties: Hydrogen peroxide is a weak acid, ka=, which can form salts with metal peroxides. It has strong oxidizing and reducing properties, and different reactions can occur under different conditions.

For example, it can react with potassium iodide, ferrous ions, hydrogen sulfide, etc. to produce oxygen, side-leakage free iodine, sulfur, etc.; It can also be oxidized with potassium permanganate, chlorine, etc. to produce oxygen. It can also meet organic matter or be separated by heat to release oxygen and water.

Reason: Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms make up the hydrogen peroxide molecule. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make up the water molecule. A molecule is the smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of a substance, and since the molecules are all different, the chemical properties are also different.

Pure hydrogen peroxide is a light blue viscous liquid, miscible with water in any proportion, is a strong oxidizing agent, aqueous solution is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide, is a colorless transparent liquid. Its aqueous solution is suitable for medical wound disinfection, environmental disinfection and food disinfection. It will slowly decompose into water and oxygen, but the decomposition rate is extremely slow, and the way to speed up the reaction is to add catalysts such as manganese dioxide or irradiate it with short-wave rays.

The molecular configuration of pure hydrogen peroxide will change, so the melting and boiling point will also change. The density of the solid at the freezing point is and the density decreases with increasing temperature. Its degree of association is greater than that of HO, so its dielectric constant and boiling point are higher than those of water.

The reason why hydrogen peroxide is chemically different from water is that they have different chemical molecular structures. The chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 and the chemical formula of water is HO.

Hydrogen peroxide (chemical formula: H2O2), pure hydrogen peroxide is a light blue viscous liquid, miscible with water in any proportion, is a strong oxidant, aqueous solution is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide, is a colorless transparent liquid. Its aqueous solution is suitable for medical wound disinfection, environmental disinfection and food disinfection.

In general, it will slowly decompose into water and oxygen, but the decomposition rate is extremely slow, and the way to speed up the reaction is to add catalysts such as manganese dioxide or irradiate it with short-wave rays.

Water (chemical formula: HO) is an inorganic substance composed of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, and is non-toxic. It is a colorless and odorless transparent liquid at room temperature and pressure, and is known as the source of human life.

Water, including natural water (rivers, lakes, atmospheric water, seawater, groundwater, etc.), distilled water is pure water, artificial water (water obtained by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms through chemical reactions). Water is one of the most common substances on the earth, an important resource for the survival of all life, including inorganic chemistry, and the most important component of living organisms. Water has played an important role in the evolution of life.

It is a narrowly non-renewable, broadly defined renewable resource.

Pure water can conduct electricity, but it is very weak (conductivity is negligible in daily life) and is a very weak electrolyte. Water in daily life has more positive and negative ions due to the dissolution of other electrolytes, and the conductivity is enhanced.

1. Hydrogen peroxide has strong oxidizing properties, but water does not.

Reasons why water and hydrogen peroxide have different chemical properties:

The chemical formula of water is HO, water is a compound composed of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, in which the oxygen atom is -2 valence oxygen, which is the oxygen element with the lowest valence, which is relatively stable, so there is no oxidation.

Whereas, the chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide is H2O2, and the oxygen atom in it is -1 valence oxygen, which is oxidizing.