The origin, role and rights of the office

In TV series about the Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang and Hetuan are known as Li Zhongtang and Zhongtang respectively. What is a nave? The middle hall is said in the Northern Song Dynasty (a said in the Tang Dynasty), because the prime minister worked in the middle of the book, and later called the prime minister also called the middle hall.

The Yuan and Ming dynasties are also called Zhongtang, and the Qing Dynasty is another name for university scholars. The original name of the university scholar is empty, in order to meet the requirements of the scholar for the right, often have to manage a ministry, the Qing Dynasty Beijing officials generally have a full and a Han sit in the east and west, which is empty, if there is a scholar in charge of the department, then sit in the middle, so called. Later, the nakado became an honorific title.

Zhongtang is said in the Northern Song Dynasty (a said in the Tang Dynasty), Tang and Song Dynasty placed the political affairs hall in the province of Zhongshu, where the prime minister handled government affairs, and the middle hall was named after the prime minister in the province of Zhongshu, and later called the prime minister also the middle hall. The Yuan Dynasty is called. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it became the title of a cabinet scholar.

In the Ming Dynasty, the scholars actually held the power of the prime minister, and their offices were in the cabinet, and the scholars lived in the east and west rooms, and the scholars were in the middle, so they were called the middle hall. In the Qing Dynasty, the original department of scholars was empty, in order to meet the requirements of scholars for rights, they often had to manage a department, and the Beijing officials generally had a full and a Han to sit in the east and west, which was empty, and if there were scholars in charge of the department, they sat in the middle, so it was also called the middle hall. In the Qing Dynasty, including co-sponsoring university scholars, this name was used.

Later, the nakado became an honorific title.

At the end of the century in the automobile era, the contradiction between people and vehicles was particularly prominent. First, full-time traffic police appeared, who at that time only used hand gestures, sirens and horns to direct traffic. In the first mechanical red and blue signal lights were lit on the streets of London, the capital of the United Kingdom, to direct traffic, but soon the gas light source of the signal light occurred**, and in a voice of accusation, the traffic light was beaten into the cold palace.

With a large number of cars produced by American automobile companies in use, traffic management needs to be strengthened urgently. For the first time in the United States, a round, four-sided electric traffic light in red, green, and yellow was installed on a tall tower on Fifth Street in New York City. Due to the ease of operation, safety and reliability of the traffic lights, urban traffic has been greatly improved.

Soon traffic lights became widespread all over the world. Now, the choice of the three colors of the traffic lights "red, green, yellow" in all countries has a certain scientific reason, scientists have analyzed this, and the white light of the prism is divided into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, and purple, so that people can identify, and the results show that the recognition rate of red is the highest, followed by yellow, and green again, and the recognition rate of other colors is much worse than these three colors. Therefore, it is natural to use the red, yellow, and green colors that are the most recognizable as traffic signals.

In the past, people thought that blood was red, which was used to indicate danger, green was a metaphor for youth and life, and was used to indicate safety, and yellow was the transition color from green to red, which was used to indicate that it was unscientific to remind people to pay attention. Today, traffic lights have been greatly developed, with the invention of automatic signal lights, computer signal lights, which can automatically change signal lights according to the flow of vehicles. West Germany has also developed advanced infrared traffic lights, which can automatically record the traffic density around intersections and automatically adjust the opening hours of traffic lights to facilitate traffic diversion.

According to statistics, many cities around the world have used advanced computer-controlled traffic lights. The invention and use of traffic lights have made great contributions to the command and management of human transportation and operation.

Function: A traffic control facility set up at a fork or other special place to assign the right of way to vehicles and pedestrians, and to control their stopping and turning.

Origin: The traffic light was invented by African-American Garrett Morgan in 1923.

On December 10, 1868, the first member of the semaphore family was born on the square of the Houses of Parliament in London.

The first veritable tri-color lamp (red, yellow, and green) was born in 1918. It is a three-color circular four-sided projector that was installed on a tall tower on Fifth Street in New York City, and thanks to its creation, urban traffic has been greatly improved.

The earliest traffic light on a road in China was in the British Concession in Shanghai in 1928.

Traffic lights are an important part of traffic signal command and are the basic language of road traffic. Traffic lights consist of red lights (indicating no traffic), green lights (indicating that traffic is permitted), and yellow lights (indicating warnings).

It is divided into: motor vehicle signal lights, non-motor vehicle signal lights, pedestrian crossing signal lights, lane signal lights, direction indication signals, flashing warning lights, and road and railway level intersection signal lights.

It is widely used in highway intersections, curves, bridges and other dangerous road sections with potential safety hazards, directing drivers or pedestrians to traffic, promoting smooth traffic flow, and avoiding traffic accidents and accidents.

The origins of traffic lights can be traced back to the early 19th century in the United Kingdom. At that time, in Yorktown, England, a woman in red was "married", while a woman in green was "unmarried". At that time, there were often accidents in front of the Houses of Parliament in London.

Inspired by the red and green outfits, the British mechanic German? In 1868, Hart designed the red and green gas traffic lights, in which a policeman armed with a long pole changed the color of the light by pulling the belt. It is a pity that the history of this lamp is only 23 days, and the interruption was due to the sudden death of a policeman by a gaslight.

In 1914, the city of Cleveland was the first city to restore traffic lights in the streets, followed by New York, Chicago and other cities. At this time, the traffic lights had evolved from gas to electricity, which was not much different from the modern traffic lights, and in addition to the signal lights themselves, the Americans also perfected the signal control system. On June 23, 1931, a new bronze traffic light was erected on Fifth Avenue in New York, USA.

China's earliest traffic lights appeared in the British Concession in Shanghai. According to some information, as early as 1923, the Shanghai Public Concession began to use mechanical devices to instruct vehicles to stop and move forward at some intersections, and on April 13 of that year, traffic light traffic signal devices were first installed at two important intersections of Nanjing Road.

As the allocator of urban road traffic resources, the scientific setting of traffic lights is the proper meaning of ensuring orderly traffic order. However, unreasonable traffic lights or improper maintenance often occur, and even cause serious traffic accidents.

A red light indicates that the woman is married, while a green light indicates that the woman is unmarried.

Zhongtang is the prime minister.

In fact, the name of Zhongtang originated in the Tang and Song dynasties, and it was named after the government affairs hall in Zhongshu Province, where the prime minister handled government affairs, and the prime minister worked in Zhongshu Province.

During the Ming Dynasty, in order to further centralize power, the ruler did not set up institutions such as the prime minister and the Zhongshu province, and the power of the prime minister was transferred to the cabinet, which handled the state affairs. In the Ming Dynasty, scholars actually held the power of the prime minister, and their offices were in the cabinet, with the scholars living in the east and west rooms, and the scholars in the middle, so they called the scholars the middle hall. The Qing Dynasty inherited this practice, and the first auxiliary scholars of the cabinet and the co-organizers of the university were called Zhongtang, so the university scholar and Zhongtang became another name for the prime minister.

Cabinet scholar of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The office of the Ming Dynasty university scholar is in the cabinet, the middle book lives in the east and west two rooms, and the university scholar lives in the middle, so it is called the middle hall. Qing Dynasty scholars often have to manage a department, Beijing officials generally have a full and a Han sit in the east and west, the middle is empty, if there is a management of the department of scholars, they sit in the middle, so it is also called the middle hall.

In the Qing Dynasty, including co-sponsoring university scholars, this name was used. Later, the nakado became an honorific title.

Bachelor of Scholars:The scholar is the chief cabinet officer, and if the scholar is walking in the inner court or going out on a mission, another person will be assigned to assist in the affairs of the cabinet. From the first year to the fifth year of Yongzheng (1723-1727), there were acting university scholars, and in the second year, there were associate university scholars.

In the sixth year (1728 AD), he was specially awarded the additional scholar of Chen Yuanlong, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, and Yin Tai, the imperial historian of Zuodu, and the associate university scholar from the tenth to the thirteenth year (1732-1735 AD). All are non-existent, no fixed amount. In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), there was a co-founder of the university, and later changed to a permanent one, and in the thirteenth year, it was designated as one member of the Manchu and Han dynasties.

The emperor system was formulated by Qin Shi Huang to unify China, in order to strengthen the centralization of power, and establish the emperor system. Function: Strengthen the centralization of power and maintain feudal rule.

Characteristics of the Emperor System: Exclusive Imperial Power: Became the basic feature of the political system of the Qin Dynasty. The supremacy of the emperor: a sign of a high degree of centralization of power Hereditary succession to the throne: the succession to the throne of the "family of the world" is another manifestation of the concentration of power of the monarch".

Zhongtang = Prime Minister or Minister Shuntianfu Yin = Beijing Mayor Ji Xiaolan is a Han official and He Shen is a Manchu Origin Han official is not as good as Manchu official, and Heshen is slightly larger than Ji Xiaolan I hope it will help you.

Ji Xiaolan is a civil official, and he is a military attaché. Relative to force, the scope of control is, of course, much more than Shenniu.

The word "Zhongtang" as an official position can be traced back to the Northern Song Dynasty (a Tang Dynasty), the Tang and Song dynasties set up a political hall in Zhongshu Province, and "Zhongtang" was named after the prime minister working in Zhongshu Province. In the Ming Dynasty, the prime minister was abolished, six ministries were set up, and scholars became the people who held the power in the cabinet. Its office is in the cabinet, and the middle book is divided into two rooms, east and west, so the scholar is called "Zhongtang", but the word "Zhongtang" is not widely used at this time.

In the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng set up a military aircraft department to take charge of the country's secrets, and the scholars became fictitious, but in order to meet their demands for power, the emperor often made the scholars in charge of a ministry, and the Ministry of Shangshu was a full Han, and when sitting, the Manchu Han Shangshu sat on both sides, and if there were scholars, they were in the middle, called "Zhongtang". Later, Zhongtang became a good name, as long as it is a university scholar and a co-organizer of the university, it is called "Zhongtang" regardless of whether it is in charge or not.

Prime Minister, or today's Prime Minister.

Equivalent to today's Prime Minister or Vice President!