What causes the occurrence of vegetable gray mold?

The sclerotia of gray mold will survive in the soil or in the residual diseased plants, and the vitality is very tenacious, which can resist the cold, and when the temperature conditions are suitable for the warm flowers to bloom in the spring of the next year, the sclerotia will germinate, produce mycelium, and conidia. These meristems are spread by air currents, rain, dew and agricultural work, invading vegetable plants, and then spreading infections from vegetable plants to vegetable plants.

Lack of nutrients. It may be that the soil quality of vegetable planting is not good, and fertilizer should be increased appropriately.

Sclerotia survive in the soil or plants, and rapidly develop lesions in the case of low temperature and high humidity, so greenhouse is the focus of the prevention and control of gray mold.

The first solution is to check the tightness of the shed film, thicken the insulation quilt, and add a layer of film to the insulation quilt. Then you can dig a cold-proof ditch, and fill the ditch with straw and other straws, which can play a role in heat preservation. To plant greenhouse vegetables, the focus is to coordinate the ground temperature, humidity, light, nutrients, varieties and other growth factors.

Temperature and humidity are often a contradiction in greenhouses, especially in the case of continuous low temperature and low exposure, if the management is not in place, it is easy to cause diseases such as gray mold.

<> first keep the temperature not less than ten degrees, the head can not be watered on a cloudy day, properly ventilated, the head is cloudy before the first antifungal or bacterial agent, the foliage is covered with good leaf fertilizer to keep the leaves, even the cloudy day can also be sprayed with powder anti-downy mildew, gray mold, the day can not be directly sprayed or watered, downy mildew is a kind of airflow spread, the incubation period is short, the epidemic is very strong leaf disease, infecting a variety of crops, once the infection occurs quickly will cause a large number of leaves to die. At 20-25 and 85% relative humidity of the air, the onset rate is the fastest.

The use of chemical low toxicity, micro-toxic fungicides alternately can play a very good role, must be used alternately (such as Pythium, Kaiser, Kinder, etc.) early prevention is better than cure, low temperature before the first prevention so that the effect is better, especially remind that spraying to spray the back of the plant leaves,. In production, we are accustomed to using chemicals for prevention and control. In the case of low temperature and low light, it is difficult for plants to fully photosynthesize to produce nutrients, and they are in a state of hunger, and their immunity is very low.

Reduce the humidity in the shed, the favorite of the gray mold fungus is the low temperature and humid environment, so it is very important to reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, you can reduce the number of watering, air and dampness, or lay straw and rice husk between the rows, to achieve the purpose of moisture absorption, greenhouse lighting and insulation film, buy PO film or EVA film, to ensure that the greenhouse film does not produce fog droplets, thickness of 10 filaments and above, pay attention to the purchase of the film can not be buckled when deducting the shed film.

Yes, you can choose a good variety and sow it in turns, and pay attention to the addition of fertilizer.

The prevention and control experience is generally summarized as follows: early prevention, continuous prevention; At the beginning of the disease, early medication; Spraying in the middle of the disease to pick diseased leaves and fruits; When the disease recurs, pick the diseased leaves and fruits first, then smoke the shed, and then spray.

1. Choose disease-resistant varieties.

2. Pay attention to reasonable dense planting, too large planting density can easily lead to weak crop growth and is conducive to the spread of pathogens.

3. Control soil moisture. The amount of water should be small and accurately controlled, watering in the morning on a sunny day, avoid watering on rainy days, and heat up and drain moisture after watering.

Symptoms of cinerine mold in vegetables. The disease is mostly from the leaves close to the surface, the initial disease part is water-soaked, and the disease part expands rapidly when the humidity is high, and it is brown or light reddish-brown, causing rot, and the disease part has gray mold. Control method: soil selection 2 3 years rotation.

Choose new seedbeds or field seedlings without pathogenic bacteria to cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings. In the morning of cultivated in the protected area, the humidity should be reduced by wind, then the shed should be closed to increase the temperature, and the humidity should be reduced to below 75% in the afternoon.

However, in the past two years, the incidence of gray mold has gradually increased in the planting process of farmers, and the control measures have not been well controlled. Today, I will use my years of planting experience to talk about the causes and control measures of gray mold. In the process of planting vegetables, it is very normal to encounter a variety of diseases, especially nightshade crops are very easy to get gray mold, this disease is also a headache, high temperature and low humidity are very easy to attack, chemical control is the most effective and convenient way to control the harm of mold in ash sheds.

At present, there are many types of chemical agents that can be used for the prevention and control of vegetable gray mold in protected areas.

If the management is not in place, greenhouse planting is the hardest hit area for the outbreak of vegetable gray mold. Therefore, when planting breakfast vegetables in the greenhouse, the prevention and control of diseases is particularly important, and the chain of Fuhui can not be ignored at all, and the prevention and control of diseases must be the top priority. The main causes of Botrytis Botrytis are:

One is overwatering; Second, the weather has been raining for a long time; Third, the density is too large and not ventilated. In short, reduce humidity, ventilate, control watering. As a precaution, it is recommended to take the above measures; Special agent for the prevention and control of gray mold.

The epidermis of the bean fruit invaded into a white water immersion, and then the fruit began to rot, eventually causing the bean to become a stiff fruit before it was ripe. To prevent and control gray mold, we should first protect the ground film, buckle the shed and bake the field in advance, strengthen the protection and field management, do not plant too densely to prevent the growth of stems and leaves from being too long, pay attention to the temperature and humidity in the shed, protect the plastic film and try to strengthen light and fertilization.

The conditions for the occurrence of this disease are that the climate is too humid and there is too much moisture in the soil, which leads to infection at the seedling stage, and the affected stems and leaves are soaked and rotted.

The environment is not very hygienic, and there will be some pests and diseases, there is no timely banquet and watering, the sun is exposed to the sun, and the branches and leaves are also particularly withered, etc., these are the conditions for the occurrence of gray mold in oilseed lettuce.

The pathogen overwinters with the diseased residue or with large fungus seeds, and when the conditions are suitable, it invades from the leaf stomata of the long leaf lettuce, the water hole is good or the wound invades, and forms a systematic infection, relying on the seed of the fungus and spreading and expanding by rainwater or insects and bacteria-carrying fertilizers, high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence of the disease, the appropriate temperature is 25 26, 38, low-lying, soil clay or moisture retention is serious.

Pathogens invade from plant wounds, senescent organs, and flowers. The petals and flower heads of tomatoes that are not easy to fall off after dipping in flowers are the parts that are susceptible to disease, resulting in soft rot of the fruit. The gray mold will live on the disease residue in the form of conidia or sclerotia, and the disease is more serious in low temperature, relatively humid environment, or rainfall and high humidity weather.

Ventilation and light. The specific methods are: keep the surface of the shed film clean and enhance light transmittance; Reasonable dense planting, reduce shading, and improve light transmission conditions; Timely ventilation, reduce the humidity in the shed, in the morning to maintain a higher temperature, so that the roof dew atomization, in the afternoon to extend the wind time, reduce the humidity in the shed, gray mold fungus favorite is the low temperature and humid environment, so it is very important to reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, can reduce the number of watering, air and moisture, or lay straw and rice husk between the rows, to achieve the purpose of moisture absorption.

Wipe the greenhouse film frequently to remove dust and keep the lighting of the greenhouse film good. Fifth, it can increase the temperature and relative humidity in the shed.

The ecological environment, inhibit the nuisance of gray mold, infiltrate and spread, properly control watering, timely late winding, increase the temperature in the shed 33 degrees will not produce spores to select improved seeds, and strictly control the seedlings: the selection of disease-resistant varieties can improve the ability of tomatoes to resist gray mold. Seedlings should be raised in disease-free new bed soil, preferably onions, garlic or grain crops that have not been planted with tomatoes for many years.

of soil, be careful not to take soil seedlings or seedlings in the greenhouse in the disease area.

Prevention is as follows: First, it is necessary to use non-drip greenhouse film to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and it is better if the greenhouse is used. Second, ventilation should be timely, according to the weather and sunshine, do a good job of ventilation and cover the work.

The third is drug prevention, spraying promehydrate or sucretin, etc. Once gray mold occurs, you can choose to use 1000 times of 40% Scarlet suspension, or 800-1000 times of 50% Sukrin WP, or 1000 times of 50% Nongli WP, and the effect is better.

Cauliflower can be cultivated by mulching mulch in high furrow areas, and sufficient basal fertilizer can be applied. In the early stage of the disease, the elderly can be treated with 10% Sukelin smoke agent 200-250g per mu, or sprayed with methamphetaline ultrafine dust agent or 5% Garinon dust agent containing 1kg per mu.

You can sprinkle some prepared pesticides in the place where the cauliflower gray mold is reported, and the cauliflower should also be disinfected and sterilized frequently.

First of all, it is necessary to do a good job in the drainage work of the mold spring in time, and it is necessary to ensure that the temperature is appropriate, and it is necessary to choose the right fertilizer and pesticide for the potato, and we must pay attention to the ratio of water.

Is the black turning of white flower bulbs during cauliflower storage a gray mold?

<> Botrytis is an important disease of vegetables in protected areas, and almost all vegetables have the occurrence and harm of gray mold. If the control of gray mold is not timely, it will cause serious yield reduction or even no harvest.

1) Onset of symptoms. The disease can occur at both seedling and adult stages. The disease occurs at the seedling stage, mostly because the cotyledons and the true leaves that have just been extracted turn brown and rot, and when the young stems are softened and rotted, there is a gray mold layer on the surface, and the seedlings die.

At the adult stage, the flowers, fruits, leaves, stems and other parts of the aboveground part of the plant can be infected, and cucumbers, tomatoes, green peppers, beans and other fruits are more seriously affected.

2) Comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Greenhouses and greenhouses should be closed for 5-7 days before planting, and the high temperature will kill the germs, and the environment can also be disinfected with chemicals. After planting, strengthen ventilation and light transmission to control the occurrence of gray mold, greenhouse management should adhere to large ventilation on sunny days and small ventilation on cloudy days, and frequently clean the greenhouse film to increase the light transmittance of the film, so that the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled below 75%.

Appropriately reduce irrigation, prevent flood irrigation, prune and kidnap in time, remove the old leaves and diseased leaves and diseased fruits at the bottom of the plant, and quietly carry them out of the outdoor for deep burial, and try to minimize walking between the plants during agricultural operations, and do not casually serial between the sheds that have been diseased and those that have not yet occurred. When dipping flowers, add Xercarle, vanmycoline or Sukrin to the prepared dipping anther solution according to 0 1% of the effective amount to prevent cross-infection during operation.

Immediately after the onset of the disease, you can choose 50% vanmycoline wettable powder 1000-1500 times, 50% Suclin wettable powder 1500 times, 40% Bacoded wettable powder 1500-2000 times, 50% primexanine wettable powder 1500 times, 50% Nonliling wettable powder 1000 times, 50% Lide wettable powder 800 times, medication once every 7 days, alternately. Sukelin smoke agent or gray mold smoke purifier, 400 grams per mu, smoke.

Downy mildew occurs when the temperature is 25-30 degrees Celsius, the soil moisture is sufficient, especially in the morning and evening there is dew. Therefore, the prevention and control of downy mildew is to control the amount of watering. Lettuce watering should be watered frequently with small water, not flooded with large water.

Second, reasonable dense planting, keep the field ventilated and breathable, and reduce humidity. 3. Chemical prevention and control. Downy mildew is generally caused by fungi, fungicides should be used, better fungicides are chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, enoylmorpholine, mancozeb, etc., which can be mixed with frost urea cyanide (downy mildew hydrochloride, methamethyl, refined methamethyl) and enoylmorpholine (occultamine isooctyl ester, fluopyramide, fluridinamide).

You can choose 25% etherstrobin suspension 1500 times, or 69% enoylmorpholine-manganese-zinc wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 72% dew wettable powder 600-800 times, or Pulik liquid 600 times, or 72% gfrosty cyanide wettable powder 600-800 times, the symptom is that the whole leaf or even the whole lettuce is rotted and becomes transparent, and exudes a very smelly smell. The cause of soft rot is mostly caused by the plant being accidentally broken or the leaves are damaged, and the germs enter the plant along the wound, causing it to become infected and rot.

Lettuce leaves appear pale yellow near-round lesions from the basal leaf upwards, and a white frosty mold layer grows on the back of the leaf when the air is humid, sometimes on the front of the leaf. When the white mold layer is severe and the lesions are fused with each other, the leaves will turn yellow and die. At this time, downy mildew has reached its peak outbreak.

The source of the disease is latent in the soil and the diseased plants for overwintering, and the damaged plants invade directly from the wound. Therefore, we should be careful not to injure the seedlings to avoid the occurrence of pests and diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to drainage and flood prevention, find that the diseased plants are removed in time, and if the weather is good, use the sun to sterilize and disinfect the deep plots.

Botrytis sclerotinia and anthracnose, bacterial diseases of brown rot. In the middle of the period aphids, cabbage worms, Spodoptera litura. To prevent the initial bacteria, 2% didimethylmycin and 40% polysulfur suspension 400 times liquid spray.

Pests are sprayed with 70% chloroline powder and cypermethrin spray.

Downy mildew mainly harms the leaves, and the front of the leaf appears grayish-white, pale yellow or yellow-green with inconspicuous periphery in the early stage of the disease, and then expands into yellow-brown lesions, which are polygonal or irregular due to the restriction of leaf veins, and the back of the leaves is densely covered with white frosty mold. When there are many diseased spots, they are connected to each other, so that the diseased leaves die locally or the whole leaf. Diseased plants tend to dry up layer by layer from the outside to the inside, and in severe cases, only a small heart leaf ball remains.