What are the contents of accounting measurement attributes?

Hello classmates, I'm glad to answer for you!

1.Historical Cost: Primary Meter Attribute.

Assets are measured at the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid at the time of acquisition, or at fair value of the consideration paid at the time of acquisition;

Liabilities are measured in terms of the amount of money or assets actually received as a result of the assumption of a present obligation, or the amount of a contract for the assumption of a current obligation, or the amount of cash or cash equivalents expected to be paid in the ordinary course of business to meet the liability.

2.Replacement cost:

Assets are measured at the amount of cash or cash equivalents that would be paid now for the purchase of the same or similar assets; Such as the measurement of surplus assets.

Liabilities are measured in the amount of cash or cash equivalents that are now required to pay the obligation.

3.Net realizable value: Inventory valuation at the end of the period.

Under net realizable value, an asset is measured at the amount of cash or cash equivalents that it can receive from its normal external sales, less the estimated costs that the asset will incur until completion, estimated selling expenses and relevant taxes.

4.Present value: An asset is measured at a discounted amount of future net cash inflows expected to arise from its continued use and eventual disposal; Such as asset impairment and other measurements.

Liabilities are measured at the discounted amount of future net cash outflows that need to be repaid during the projected period.

5.Fair value: (narrow sense).

Assets and liabilities are measured at the amount of assets exchanged or debts settled voluntarily between the two parties to a familiar transaction in an arm's length transaction.

Embodiment: tradable financial assets, available financial assets, etc.

The subject knowledge points are all in the latest edition of the CPA exam "Accounting".

As the world's leading brand of financial certificate online education, Gordon Finance.

It integrates the core resources of financial education, and has Gordon Online School.

Gordon Online School. will always uphold"Achieve young dreams and create a new business civilization"Accelerate the process of internationalization and create a world-class financial network learning platform!

Gordon wishes you a happy life! If you still have questions, please feel free to ask questions to the Gordon Enterprise Know Platform!

Historical Cost, Replacement Cost, Net Realizable Value, Present Value, Fair Value.

It mainly includes historical cost, replacement cost, net realizable value, present value and fair value.

Accounting measurements. Three basic quality standards should be adhered to: (1) homogeneity, that is, the quantitative relationship (reproduction) suggested by the accounting measurement should be consistent with the intrinsic quantitative relationship (object) of the item or event prompted; (2) Confirmation, that is, when given the same conditions, different accountants should obtain the same results for the measurement of the same object, that is, the measurement results can be mutually confirmed; (3) Consistency, that is, the use of measurement methods should be consistent in the previous and later periods, so as to avoid misunderstandings of users' accounting information.

The process of measuring economic operations and their results in monetary or other units of measurement. It is characterized by the determination of the intrinsic relationship between items or events by the relationship between quantities (mainly the amount of value expressed in monetary units), or the allocation of amounts to specific events. The key is the selection of measurement attributes and the determination of measurement units.

As an important part of financial accounting, the main content of accounting measurement includes assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, expenses, and costs.

Accounting measurement attributes refer to the quantitative characteristics or external manifestations of accounting elements, which reflect the basis for determining the amount of accounting elements, mainly including historical cost, replacement cost, net realizable value, present value and fair value.

Accounting measurement is the process of quantifying accounting elements in monetary terms, that is, the process of determining their amounts. It is characterized by the fact that accounting measurement is a value measurement. The so-called metrological attribute refers to the characteristics or external manifestations of the object to be measured.

For example, a table can be measured in terms of length, width, height, volume, weight, etc., and there are different measurement attributes.

Accounting measurement attributes mainly include: historical cost, replacement cost, net realizable value, present value, and fair value.

Let me introduce a few accounting measurement attributes:

1. Historical cost.

Assets are calculated on the basis of cash or cash equivalents paid at the time of acquisition, and liabilities are calculated on the basis of amounts received as a result of the assumption of current obligations or assets.

2. Replacement cost.

Assets are calculated based on the amount of cash or cash equivalents that would be paid to purchase the same or similar assets today. The liability is calculated on the basis of the amount of cash or cash equivalents that would now be required to pay the liability.

3. Net realizable value.

An asset is calculated based on the amount of cash or cash equivalents that can be received from the normal sale of the asset, less the estimated costs that the asset will incur until completion, the estimated selling expenses and relevant taxes.

4. Present value. Assets are calculated at the discounted amount of future net cash inflows expected to arise from their continued use and eventual disposal. Liabilities are calculated based on the discounted amount of future net cash outflows that need to be repaid during the projected term.

Hope it helps!

There are five main types of accounting measurement attributes: historical cost measurement, fair value measurement, mortgage value measurement, actual value measurement and net measurement.

1.Historical cost measurements

Historical cost measurement refers to the company's initial cost of assets or liabilities as the basis for measurement, that is, assets or liabilities are measured according to the original cost at the time of purchase or production. This measurement method is usually used to measure some long-term assets, such as real estate, machinery and equipment, etc., and can calculate specific benefits and costs based on the classification of accrual principles. However, the historical cost method does not take into account factors such as market movements and inflation of the asset, resulting in a failure to reflect the current market**.

2.Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement refers to the current market** as the basis of measurement, which is generally applicable to tradable financial assets and liabilities and financial assets and liabilities where market risk has been transferred to other parties, and it uses market value to reflect changes in actual value. The trend is towards fair value measurement, as it supports more accurate financial reporting and better reflects the meaning of the market**.

3.Collateral value measurement

Collateral value measurement is the unit of measurement of assets or liabilities pledged at the time of loan issuance, and this method is usually used in loan business. It involves the fact that all secured assets and liabilities can be accurately measured, but it requires an estimate of the value of the collateral assets, so there is a risk of inaccurate valuation.

4.The actual price is measured

Actual value measurement is based on projected future commitments or revenues, and it is suitable for some long-term contract projects. Actual value measurement has a better performance than historical cost measurement in reflecting the actual changes of things, but it is more difficult to achieve and requires more technical and professional support.

5.Net measurement

Net measurement is based on the net residual balance of assets or liabilities, i.e. after deducting the portion that has been amortized or repaid. This method is often applied to long-term assets or liabilities and is often used to calculate revenues and costs.

Summary:

Accounting measurement attributes refer to the measurement methods of assets and liabilities, among which historical cost measurement, fair value measurement, mortgage value measurement, actual value measurement and net measurement are the main measurement methods. Each method has its own applicable situation, and companies should choose the appropriate measurement method according to their own situation.

The measurement attributes of accounting are historical cost, replacement cost, net realizable value, present value, and fair value.

1. Historical cost, also known as actual cost, refers to the cash or other equivalent actually paid when acquiring or manufacturing a certain property or material.

2. Replacement cost, also known as current cost, refers to the amount of cash or cash equivalents that need to be paid to reacquire the same asset according to current market conditions.

3. Net realizable value refers to the net value of the estimated selling price minus the estimated processing costs and estimated taxes and expenses necessary for sales in the process of production and operation.

3. Present value refers to the value of future cash flows after discounting at an appropriate discount rate, and is a measurement attribute considering the time value of money.

4. Fair value refers to the amount of assets exchanged or debts paid off voluntarily between the two parties who are familiar with the situation in an arm's length transaction.

The Purpose and Significance of Accounting Measurement Research:

Accounting measurement is the core content of financial accounting, which runs through the whole process of financial accounting and is an important content in the accounting theory and methodology. The accounting measurement attribute is the basis of the accounting measurement model, which is directly related to the operation efficiency of the accounting measurement model.

Accounting measurement is a value measurement implemented in monetary measurement units, which determines that the accounting measurement attribute must be the aspect of the measurement object that can be measured or measured in monetary units. With the development of accounting and economy, the content of accounting measurement is increasingly rich, the scope is gradually expanded, and the technology of accounting measurement is gradually improved, developed and improved.

The role of accounting measurement occupies an important position in the accounting information system, and it is of great significance to explore the law of the development of accounting theory, grasp the direction of the development of contemporary accounting, and study accounting theory and methods, which is inseparable from the study of accounting measurement and accounting measurement attributes.