Why do tree frogs attach to the surface of trees and even glide from tree to tree?

Because it has a film, it makes better use of the resistance of the wind.

Tree frogs have a membrane on their bodies that allows them to be more adaptable to their environment.

The tree frog family has membranes that facilitate their gliding.

Because it has a film, it can increase the resistance of the wind.

Because they've evolved so specially.

This is to be able to better survive in the current environment and evolve.

Because it has a film, it can make it fly farther.

Because it's its nature, in order to survive better.

Tree frogs have a membrane on their bodies.

The reasons why the leaf surface of the lotus leaf does not stick to water are as follows:

It turns out that under the microscope, it can be found that the surface of the lotus leaf is covered with many papillae with a height of about 5 9 microns, and the distance between the papillae is about 12 microns. Moreover, on each mastoid process, there are numerous waxy protrusions, which are about 200 nanometers in diameter.

In this way, each lotus leaf is like a city crowded with columnar buildings, and it is a city with "many small pillars on top of big pillars". At the same time, each waxy protrusion is repulsive on its surface, as if it has a protective film on the entire lotus leaf, which can resist the invasion of any droplets.

Therefore, when the water droplets fall on the lotus leaves, these dense columns of large and small "pillars" have a repulsive effect on the water droplets, so that the water droplets cannot invade the gap between the "pillars", so that the lotus leaves remain dry.

When pollutants such as dust fall on the lotus leaves, they will also be blocked by these waxy protrusions, so as soon as the rain comes, the dust will be washed away by the rain immediately, and there is nothing left. The lotus leaf is kept clean and refreshing by its own unique leaf structure. This self-cleaning phenomenon is known as the "lotus leaf effect", also known as the "hydrophobic effect".

When the waxy protrusions on the lotus leaf are lost due to damage, the self-purification ability of the lotus leaf is also destroyed. If the damage to the lotus leaf is not serious, it can continue to secrete wax through normal growth, and with the increase of waxy protrusions, the self-purification ability of the lotus leaf can still be restored.

There are many tiny papillae on the surface of the lotus leaf. The presence of this milky structure fills the hollows between the "mountain packs" with air, thus forming a very thin, nano-thick layer of air that clings to the leaf surface. As a result, the dust and rain, which are much larger in size than this structure, can only form a few points of contact with the convex roof of the "mountain bag" on the leaf surface after falling on the leaf surface, separated by a very thin layer of air.

The raindrops form balls under their own surface tension, and the water balls absorb dust as they roll and roll out of the leaves.

To put it simply, there are a lot of ultra-fine villi on the surface of the lotus leaf, and the gap between the ultra-fine villi is very small, so that the water droplets larger than it cannot be carried out into the villi gap, so the lotus leaf will not get wet.

Specifically: first of all, the water droplets fall on the lotus leaf, will become a free rolling water droplets, which shows that the lotus leaf surface has a strong hydrophobicity, the water sprinkled on the leaf surface will automatically gather into water droplets, and the rolling of the water droplets will absorb the dust sludge falling on the leaf surface and roll out of the leaf surface, so that the leaf surface is always kept clean, which is the famous "lotus leaf self-cleaning effect."

Secondly, the self-cleaning effect of lotus leaves is related to the microstructure of the lotus leaf surface. There are very complex multi-nano and micro-scale ultrastructures on the leaf surface of lotus leaves. Under a super-resolution microscope, it can be clearly seen that there are many tiny papillae on the surface of the lotus leaf.

The average size of the mastoid is about 10 microns and the average spacing is about 12 microns. Each papillae is made up of many protrusions about 200 nanometers in diameter.

Finally, the protrusions on the leaf surface of the lotus leaf are like a "small mountain bag" that rises one after another, and it is covered with fluff, and a steamed bun-shaped "bunker" convex top grows on the top of the "small mountain bag", as if the antennae protect the leaf surface, so that things larger than it cannot get close to the leaf surface at all. The surface of the lotus leaf under the electron microscope is shown in the figure below.

The lotus leaf is a perennial aquatic plant with rhizomes in the water lily family, which likes warmth and water, but water cannot drown the lotus leaf. The water temperature should not be lower than 5 8-10 kinds of lotus roots begin to germinate, 14 grow lotus whips, 23-30 lotus roots accelerate growth, pull out vertical leaves, flower stalks, and flowering. The growing season requires sufficient sunlight and needs to grow in shallow water with a low flow rate of 50-80 cm.

Lotus flowers prefer to grow in fertile, slightly acidic rootstocks with a lot of organic matter.

The surface of the lotus leaf is attached to countless micron-sized waxy papillae structures. When these papillae are observed with an electron microscope, it can be seen that there are many nanoscale particles attached to the surface of each micron-sized mastoid with a similar structure, which scientists call the micro-nano dual structure of the lotus leaf. It is precisely with these tiny dual structures that the contact area between the surface of the lotus leaf and the water droplets or dust is very limited, so the phenomenon of water droplets rolling on the leaf surface and being able to carry away the dust is produced.

And the water does not remain on the surface of the lotus leaf.

This is because there is a waxy layer on the surface of the lotus leaf, and if the waxy layer on the surface of the lotus leaf is destroyed, it will not be waterproof. This structure can make the lotus leaf have a double sparse effect, that is, it does not stick to water or oil, that is, the contact angle between oil and water on the lotus leaf is greater than 90°.

There are nanostructures on the surface of lotus leaves. This structure can make the lotus leaf have a double sparse effect, that is, it does not stick to water or oil, that is, the contact angle between oil and water on the lotus leaf is greater than 90°. It has been reported that this structure has a strong ability to absorb air, and will form a layer of air film at its interface, so that water and oil cannot contact the lotus leaves.

Jiang Lei of the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also believes that lotus leaves have a double sparse effect.

But use all the lotus leaves you can reach for verification experiments. The result is that lotus leaves are not oleophobic, and engine oil and edible oil can invade.

Moistening lotus leaves can produce capillary phenomenon on lotus leaves.

Waxy layer: Usually deciduous trees turn yellow and lose their leaves in autumn and winter because the leaf area is large and there is no waxy film on the surface when the climate is not suitable (such as cold and dry), which causes water to disperse quickly and is not easy to survive. Pine, holly, cypress, etc., because the leaves are either pointed and thin, or have a waxy layer on the surface, and the water is not easy to lose, so they can still survive normally in harsh environments, so they will not lose their leaves and remain evergreen.

The lotus leaf never gets wet because it has countless micron-sized waxy papillae attached to its surface.

When the lotus leaf is looked at with an electron microscope, it is revealed that the bulge is composed of numerous cilia. A very thin layer of air in the nanometer size is formed on the tightly attached leaf surface. Therefore, the leaf surface of the lotus leaf does not stick to water.

The structure of the lotus leaf is not only conducive to its self-cleaning, but also conducive to preventing a large number of various harmful bacteria and fungi floating in the air from attacking it.

The fact that the lotus leaf never gets wet is due to its surface microstructure – the lotus leaf still looks hairy under an electron microscope at more than 10,000 times magnification, as do the legs of the rice leaf and the water strider.

When a droplet encounters a rough solid surface, it appears under the microscope that one part of the droplet is actually in contact with the protrusions of the solid surface, and the other part of the droplet is in contact with the air stored in the gaps and holes in the structure of the solid surface. According to the currently accepted Casey Baxter model, the greater the area of contact between the liquid and the air on a solid surface, the more hydrophobic the surface. In other words, a hydrophobic surface adsorbs a thin film of air, so the material becomes more buoyant, less resistant to dirt, and even has a large interfacial resistance.

Because water does not soak these surfaces, impurities in the water naturally do not remain on the surface, and dust is easily carried away by the water. And this is also the principle of corrosion resistance - these surface structures store air, it is difficult to come into direct contact with the solution, and of course it is more corrosion-resistant.

Superhydrophobic surface materials are a research hotspot in nanotechnology, and the earliest research can be traced back to the 50s of the last century. There have been many research results in this area, and the technologies for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces are even more diverse, ranging from etching, oxidation, emulsion polymerization, vapor deposition to cultivating nanofiber growth, etc., and the hydrophobic effect of materials is also strong and weak.

Resources.

It's not flying in the traditional sense, it's just that he has a strong jumping ability, taking advantage of the height difference between trees to jump from one tree to another.

Because of the relative distance, it seems that he can fly.

In the process of sustaining life, people must inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is too high, a person's breathing can be difficult or uncomfortable, and it may even be poisoning. Greenplants are the only creators on earth that can synthesize organic matter from sunlight, and they are also the absorbers of carbon dioxide and the manufacturing plants of oxygen on earth.

In addition to absorbing and scavenging carbon dioxide in the air, plants also have a certain absorption capacity for harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine and hydrogen fluoride in the air. For example, 1 hectare of cedar forest can absorb 720 kg of sulfur dioxide per year; 259 square kilometers of alfalfa can reduce sulfur dioxide in the air by more than 600 tons per year; 1 hectare of silver birch forest, which can absorb 11 8 kg of hydrogen fluoride per year; l hectare of black locust forest, which can absorb 42 kg of chlorine gas per year.

Plants not only have the effect of blocking the spread of radioactive materials, but also can play the role of filtration and absorption. For example, in the United States, scientists have used different doses of neutrons and rays to mix five oak forests and found that trees can absorb a certain amount of radioactive material without affecting the growth of trees, thereby purifying the air.

Dust is the main pollutant in the air, it is small in size and weight, and it floats around. In addition to dust and dust, dust also contains soot charcoal particles and metal particles such as lead and mercury, which often cause respiratory diseases in people. Plants, especially forests or belts composed of trees, have a canopy of dense leaves and twigs, like a dense sieve, which can act as a filtering force for blocking, retaining and adsorbing dust pollution in the air, thereby purifying the air.

It is determined that the difference in dust content in the air between the green area and the non-green area is 10 15; There is more dust in the air on the street than in places with dense trees, such as parks, l 3 2 3. However, the dust reduction capacity of different tree species is different, and the test results show that the dust reduction capacity of broad-leaved trees is higher than that of conifers, and the dust reduction capacity of 1 hectare of spruce is 32 tons per year.

The purification of the air by plants is to turn the polluted air into fresh air without pollutants or with less pollutants through the physical effects of blocking, retention, adsorption and other physical effects through the absorption and accumulation functions of plants. Although different plants have different purification capabilities for different pollutants, the ability to purify the air depends on the group action of plants. Therefore, in order to make the air of a city or a factory clean and beneficial to people's life and health, in addition to selecting tree species for afforestation and greening according to the substances and concentrations of polluting air in factories and cities, a certain proportion of green space is also needed.

There are many phenomena in nature that are very thought-provoking. For example, why are some plants that also grow from the ground afraid of frost and some are not afraid of freezing? What's even stranger is that trees such as pines and cypresses and holly are still green and dazzling in winter, even in the winter when the water is dripping into ice, and can withstand the test of the bitter cold.

In fact, not only are all kinds of plants have different frost resistance, but even the same plant has different frost resistance in winter and summer. The pear trees in the north can safely overwinter at -20 -30, but they cannot withstand the attack of the slight cold in the spring. The needles of pine trees can withstand -30 cold in winter, and in summer they will freeze to death if they are artificially cooled to -8.

What is it that makes trees particularly frost-resistant in winter? That's an interesting question indeed.

Some foreign scholars said that this may be the same as warm-blooded animals, and the trees themselves also produce heat, which is protected by bark tissues with low thermal conductivity. Later, other scientists said that the main reason was that the water content of tree tissues was low in winter, so it was not easy to cause cells to freeze and die below freezing. However, none of these explanations are satisfactory.

Because it is now well known that trees themselves do not produce heat, and that tree tissues below freezing point are not incapable of freezing. In the north, don't the branches of willows and the needles of pine trees freeze as brittle as glass in winter? However, they are all still alive.

So, what's the secret?

It turns out that this skill of trees, they have been trained for a long time. In order to adapt to the changes in their surroundings, they use the magic method of "sleeping" every year to cope with the severe cold of winter.

We know that trees consume nutrients to grow, and in spring and summer, trees grow fast, and nutrients are consumed more than they accumulate, so their frost resistance is also weak. However, in autumn, the situation is different, when the daylight temperature is high, the sun is strong, and the photosynthesis of the leaves is vigorous; At night, the temperature is low, the trees grow slowly, the nutrients are consumed less, and the accumulation is more, so the trees grow more and more "fat", and the shoots become woody ......Gradually, the trees became more resilient to the cold.

However, despite the fact that the tree is static on the surface in winter, it actually changes a lot on the inside. The starch accumulated in autumn is converted into sugar at this time, and some even turn into fat, which are cold-proof substances that can protect cells from freezing to death. If you slice the tissue and look at it under a microscope, you can also find an interesting phenomenon!

Normally, cells are connected to each other, but at this time, the connecting filaments of the cells are broken, and the cell wall and protoplasm are also gone, as if each tube has its own tube. This small change, which is invisible to the naked eye, plays a huge role in the frost resistance of plants! When the tissue freezes, it protects the most important part of the cell, the protoplasm, from the danger of damage caused by intercellular freezing.

It can be seen that the "sleeping" of trees is closely related to overwintering. In winter, the deeper the tree "sleeps", the more it can endure low temperatures and become more frost-resistant; On the other hand, like the lemon tree, which grows all year round and does not dormant, it is weak in frost resistance, and even in a climate like Shanghai, it cannot spend the winter in the open air.