Introns vs. non coding regions, what are non coding regions?

There are operones on the non-coding region, such as promoters and terminators, which are the recognition and binding sites of RNA polymerase, without which RNA polymerase cannot bind to genes and cannot be transcribed.

Genes containing introns can transcribe precursor RNA, and then self-cleavage from the part transcribed by the intron to obtain mature mRNA, and there is no self-cleavage without introns.

Water is not the main limiting factor for photosynthesis and respiration, and for aquatic plants, water has no direct effect on photosynthesis and respiration.

The principle is that auxin can promote the development of the ovary and bear fruit, and the process is to apply a certain concentration of auxin to the ovary, and it should be bagged before and after application.

Introns are sequences that are located in the coding region but do not code for proteins, corresponding to exons, and the non-coding regions are located on both sides of the coding region, but it regulates the synthesis of proteins and also affects the expression of genes.

Water does participate in these two life activities, but it does not promote it, and the substances that can promote it are enzymes associated with this life activity.

Auxin can be the development and growth of the unfertilized ovary, and the grown up ovary has no seeds because it is not fertilized, and the process is to coat the fertilized ovary with an appropriate concentration of auxin solution and bag it.

In eukaryotes, after DNA is transcribed into HNRNA, the HNRNA undergoes splicing and modification to form mature mRNA, and the fragments removed during the splicing process are introns and the preserved fragments are exons. The coding part in the exon determines the primary structure of the protein formed by future translation. Introns and non-coding regions have regulatory functions.

The type of intron affects the splicing process, regulates the time course and amount of gene expression, and the non-coding region contains ribosomal binding sites and other regulatory sequences.

Introns belong to the coding region and are non-coding sequences in the coding region.

The non-coding region refers to the regulatory region on both sides of the coding region, also called the flanking sequence, including the enhancer promoter we talked about in class.

Introns and exons form coding regions, introns are non-coding sequences, and non-coding regions refer to regulatory regions on both sides of the coding region, including promoters, enhancers, and terminators.

There is no unified statement about the role of introns, but the role of the non-coding region is to regulate gene transcription, and gene transcription cannot be carried out without the non-coding region, so it cannot be without.

Water is not one of the factors that promote photosynthesis.

Auxin is to make the ovary develop into fruit before the fruit is fertilized, so that there will be no seeds, and seedless fruits are produced.

1. The structure of genes includes coding and non-coding regions. Whereas, the coding regions of genes in eukaryotes are discontinuous and include exons and introns. Exons are valid coding sequences within the coding region, and introns are non-coding sequences within the coding region.

Both can be transcribed into RNA (hnRNA, to be exact), which is then cut out by RNA processing mechanisms to become mature mRNA and only exons remain. The coding regions can be transcribed into RNA, the non-coding regions cannot be converted into RNA, and large swaths are waste products, some of which have important regulatory roles.

2. The coding region is a DNA sequence to be expressed, and the non-coding region is not expressed, exons and introns are present in eukaryotic cells, exons are the sequences to be expressed, and introns are not expressed sequences, which are arranged at intervals.

Proteins are encoded by exons, while introns have no coding function.

Introns are present in DNA, and during transcription, the introns on the DNA are also transcribed into the precursor RNA, but the introns on the precursor RNA are excised before the RNA leaves the nucleus for translation.

1. The difference between exons and introns:

1. Whether it is a coding sequence: Introns are non-coding sequences of broken genes that can be transcribed. Exons are coding sequences in broken genes.

2. The results of the evolutionary process are different: the introns are sheared off during the mRNA processing, so there is no intron coding sequence on the mature mRNA. Exons are preserved after splicing and can be expressed as proteins during protein biosynthesis.

3. Different mutagenesis: introns are meaningless to the structure of translation products and are not subject to the pressure of natural selection, so they have more mutations than exon accumulation. Exons are the last gene sequences to appear in mature RNA, also known as expression sequences, and all the exons together form the genetic information, which will be reflected in the protein, which is relatively stable with the intron.

2. The difference between the coding area and the non-coding area:

1. Whether the messenger RNA can be transcribed: The coding region refers to the part that can transcribe the messenger RNA, which can synthesize the corresponding protein, while the non-coding region is the DNA structure that cannot transcribe the messenger RNA.

2. Different compositions: eukaryotes where the coding region is composed of exons and introns, but the introns are non-coding sequences, so in the gene structure of eukaryotic cells, the non-coding regions and introns are non-coding sequences. Exons belong to coding regions.

First of all, we need to understand these concepts:

Coding region: DNA sequences capable of transcribing to form mRNA, including introns and exons;

Non-coding region: Sequences that cannot be transcribed to form mRNA;

Coding sequences: Exons in coding regions belong to coding sequences;

Non-coding sequences: The introns and non-coding regions in the coding region are both non-coding sequences.

Since the gene coding region of eukaryotes is made up of exons and introns, it is discontinuous.

Be. The segment that can be transcribed into the corresponding messenger RNA to direct protein synthesis (i.e., encoding protein) is called the coding region. Segments that cannot code for proteins are called non-coding regions, such as promoters, introns, terminators, etc. of genes.

Whether it is a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell, its genes have coding regions (can transcribe mRNA, and then encode proteins) and non-coding regions (can not transcribe mRNA, cannot code proteins), and the coding regions of eukaryotic cell genes can be divided into exons (which can code proteins) and introns (which cannot code proteins).

While the codon is located on the mRNA, the start codon has AUG (determines methionine) and GUG (determines valine), while the stop codon has UAA, UAG, UGA, and does not determine amino acids.

The genes of eukaryotes are made up of coding and non-coding regions, with non-coding regions (non-coding sequences) on either side and coding regions (coding sequences) in the middle. The coding region in the middle is also composed of coding sequences and non-coding sequences arranged alternately, and the coding sequences are called exons, and the non-coding sequences are called introns.

The genes of prokaryotes also have coding regions and non-coding regions, but the coding regions are continuous coding regions. (Note that in prokaryotic genes, there is no concept of exons and introns, i.e. you can't say that the coding regions of prokaryotes are all exons).

This kind of gene transcription is to first synthesize mRNA with one of the strands of the coding region as a template, which is the precursor mRNA, and then some enzymes cut off the corresponding sequences of those introns and link the sequences of the mRNA corresponding to the exons together, which is the mature mRNA, which is the direct template for translating proteins. Ribosomes bind to it and slide along it. The synthesis of peptide chains begins when AUG (the start codon of eukaryotes) or GUG (the start codon of prokaryotes) is encountered, and the synthesis of peptide chains is terminated when UAA, UAG, and UGA (stop codons) are encountered.

Bottom line: Coding regions (exons, introns) and non-coding regions are the structure of genes. The start and stop codons are groups of three bases of mRNA.