Information about Liezi s flat body and Liezi

"Liezi" is also known as "Chong Xuan Jing", "Chong Xuan Zhen Jing", is an important Taoist classic, written by Zheng Ren Lie Yukou, the age of the book is unknown, roughly the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The book is divided into eight chapters, including "Tianrui", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Li Ming", "Yang Zhu", and "Shuofu", each of which is composed of multiple fables. Among them, the more familiar ones include "Yugong Moves Mountains", "People Worry About the Sky", "Dead Axes (Dead Axes Mean Neighbors)", "Wrong Paths and Dead Sheep" and so on.

During the Tang Dynasty, the Chongxu Zhenjing, along with the Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi and Wenzi, was listed as the four Taoist classics.

Lie Yu Kou, or Lie Yu Kou, the Spring and Autumn Period Zheng people, the pioneer of the Taoist school, known as Liezi, advocated nobility and emptiness.

There is no biography of Lie Yukou in the "Historical Records", and his name is scattered in "Zhuangzi", "Guanzi", "Yanzi", "Mozi", "Han Feizi", "Corpse", "Lü's Spring and Autumn" and other books. Lie Yukou became famous in the book "Liezi", there is a chapter named after the name of the chapter, the main purpose is to promote not to show off wisdom outside but to nourish the mind in the heart, to achieve "heaven but not enter" to obey nature, to achieve the realm of useless use.

Liezi was a native of Zheng Guo, before Zhuangzi and at the same time as Zheng Miaogong. It is based on the Yellow Emperor Laozi, advocating quiet and inaction. Legend has it that he once asked Guan Yinzi to worship Huqiuzi as a teacher, and Huzi said to Liezi:

The townsfolk showed that they had not yet come out of my sect. I don't know who it is, because I think it's a brother, because I think it's a wave, so I run away. Later, he successively studied under Lao Shang and Zhibo Gaozi, and after nine years of cultivation, he was able to walk against the wind.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was awarded the title of "Chongxu Zhenren", and during the reign of Emperor Xuanhe of Song Huizong, he was awarded the title of "Chongxu Guan Miao Zhenjun".

General people think that the original work of "Liezi" has been lost after the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty has doubted the ** of this book, Yao Jiheng's "Ancient and Modern Pseudo-Book Examination" first identified that "Liezi" is a fake book, and the existing "Liezi" is no longer the original work, but the Jin people mixed Taoist ideas and wrote, Ye Daqing [2], Qian Daxin [3], Yao Nai [4], Niu Shuyu [5], Zhang Binglin [6] and others all thought that this book was a fake. Qian Daxin's "New Record of Ten Drivers of Fasting" even pointed out that the theory of Shi's reincarnation comes from "Liezi", which is very ridiculous. Ma Xulun's "Examination of Liezi's Pseudo-Books" said:

Cover "Liezi" came out late and died early, since the Wei and Jin dynasties, good deeds gathered "Guanzi", "Yanzi", "Analects", "Classic of Mountains and Seas", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Corpse", "Han Feizi", "Lü's Spring and Autumn", "Han Poems", "Huainan", "Shuoyuan", "New Preface", "New Treatise" The words of the late saying, if it is to the preface, it is important to see the preface. ”。Qian Zhongshu pointed out that Liezi was influenced by Buddhist thought in the "Pipe Cone Edition", which can be seen to be a fake book in the Wei and Jin dynasties, but also pointed out that the whole book of "Liezi" "takes the Buddha's teachings, and the voice and color do not move", "can be reborn, and does not stick to the belt bones".

The book Liezi contains many fables, all of which carry enough lessons to warn the world, and also have a certain literary value. The existing annotations of "Liezi" include eight volumes of "Chongxu Zhide Zhenjing" annotated by Zhang Zhan of the Jin Dynasty.

Liezi, a thinker in the early Warring States period, was another representative of Taoist thought in addition to Laozi and Zhuangzi, and was burning with Zheng Miaogong. It is based on the Yellow Emperor Laozi, advocating quiet and inaction. Later, he was revered by Taoism as "Chongxu Zhenren".

The "Taoist" part of Bangu's "Art and Literature Chronicles" of the Later Han Dynasty recorded eight volumes of "Liezi". The Liezi, also known as the Chongxu Jing (written between 450 and 375 BC), is an important Taoist text. The Hanshu "Art and Literature Chronicles" recorded eight volumes of "Liezi", which was lost early.

Judging from the ideological content and use of language, the eight volumes of this "Liezi" may have been compiled by later generations based on ancient materials. The book contains a total of 134 folk tales, fables, myths and legends, etc., which were compiled and supplemented by Zhang Zhan, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with a wide range of themes and some of which are quite educational. Today, there are eight articles, including "Tianrui", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Yang Zhu", "Shuofu", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", and "Life", which form the book "Liezi".

The rest have been lost. Among them, there are more than 100 fables, such as "The Yellow Emperor's Divine Journey", "The Fool Moves the Mountain", "Praise the Father Chasing the Sun", "The Man Worries About the Sky", etc., all of which are interesting to read, and the timeless taste of the skin is boring and long, which is thought-provoking. Later, he was revered by Taoism as "Chongxu Zhenren".