The basic meaning of socially necessary labor time

The average level of labor proficiency and labor intensity mentioned by Marx refers to the labor proficiency and labor intensity of the average level of the medium level or the department, which is the subjective condition of labor. The value of a commodity, determined by socially necessary labor time, is the social value of that commodity.

With regard to socially necessary labor time, Marx wrote in Capital: "The labor that forms the entity of value is the same human labor, the consumption of the same human labor power." The whole labour force of society, embodied in the whole value of the commodity world, is here treated as one human labour-power, though it is constituted by an innumerable individual labour-power.

Every such individual labour-power, like any other labour-power, is the same human labour-power, insofar as it has the character of a socially average labour-power, and plays the role of this socially average labour-power, so that only the average necessary labour time or socially necessary labour time is used in the production of commodities".

In this passage, Marx abstracts the entire labor force of society into the labor force of the same human being. It is made up of an infinite number of individual laborers. Every individual labor force, as long as it has the nature of the average social labor force and plays the role of the average social labor force, is the same human labor force.

The same human labor force uses only the average necessary labor time or socially necessary labor time in the production of goods. This is the most important passage for us to understand the concept of socially necessary labor time. Only by correctly understanding this sentence can we crack the socially necessary labor time.

We understand that this passage has several meanings:

Socially necessary working hours are the "average necessary working hours" of society.

The so-called average necessary labor time should be the equalization, socialization, and homogenization of the time of the change of the newly paid labor force in the current period and the labor time transferred in the previous period, so as to become the same working time in the current period.

Socially necessary labor time is the time spent changing by the average labor force of society.

The average social labor force should be the equalization, socialization, and homogenization of the newly paid labor force in the current period and the labor force transferred in the previous period, so as to become the same labor force in the current period. The average labor force of society should be accurately called "the labor force of the average necessary labor force".

Socially necessary labor contains two contradictory factors: social labor and necessary labor.

Socially necessary labor is the equalization, socialization, and homogenization of the newly created labor in the current period and the social labor transferred in the previous period, and becomes the same labor in the current period.

Socially necessary labor time is used in the production of goods, not in the production of goods. That is to say, socially necessary labor time applies only to commodities, not to products.

For commodity producers, its significance is:

determine whether the labor consumption of commodity producers can be fully compensated;

determine the level of profitability of commodity producers;

Determine the position and fate of commodity production in market competition.

In terms of socio-economic development:

Promote commodity producers, improve technology, improve operation and management, and increase labor productivity, so as to promote the improvement of social labor productivity and promote social productivity and social and economic development.

The so-called socially necessary labor time refers to "the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions and under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity." "The existing normal production conditions referred to here refer to the current level of technical equipment that has been reached in the production of most products in a certain production sector.

Socially necessary labor time refers to the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions, under the average social labor proficiency and average labor intensity.

From the above definition, it can be seen that socially necessary labor time is determined by three factors: the existing normal social production conditions, the average social labor proficiency and the average social labor intensity.

The existing normal social conditions of production" as a material factor refer to the production conditions that the vast majority of producers in the production sector of the same commodity have within a certain time frame, mainly the question of what kind of production tools are used.

The production conditions and tools used by the vast majority of producers" are an unquantifiable indicator and a vague concept; "Social average labor proficiency and social average labor intensity", as human factors, refers to the working speed, tension, production experience, labor attitude, and technical level of most producers in the same production sector.

It is impossible to carry out a simple arithmetic averaging of these two factors or indicators, and this "social average" is only a theoretical abstraction, not calculated by a certain sector, industry or person, but formed spontaneously in the process of commodity exchange, and it is not a definite value.

The meaning of socially necessary labor time

Socially necessary labor time is an important category of Marxist political economy research. As a yardstick, it reflects the level of labor productivity in society; Compared with the individual labor hours of commodity production, it reflects the position of different producers of the same commodity in the market and the level of their production efficiency.

Its existence spontaneously prompts commodity producers to improve production technology and management; Promote the optimization and rational allocation of resources and the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure. The amount of value of a commodity is also determined by socially necessary labour time, not by the individual labour time of different commodity producers.

The so-called socially necessary labor time refers to "the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions and under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity."

According to Marx's economic principles, the first meaning of socially necessary labor time is the labor time bounded by the use value of one standard person's physiological activity in a working day. According to the principles of Marx's economics, the second meaning of socially necessary labor time is labor time bounded by the use value of the production of the laborer in a working day. The emphasis here is on the use value produced (rather than expended) by the worker during a working day.

Characteristics of socially necessary working hours

In fact, the relationship between the first socially necessary labor time and the second socially necessary labor time is multiplication, not division. The second socially necessary labour time (i.e., the corresponding proportional portion of the total social labour) is equal to the first socially necessary labour time of a single commodity multiplied by the amount of the commodity required by the social need.

When the first socially necessary labour time for the production of a commodity decreases with the general improvement of the process, the amount of value of that commodity and the corresponding second socially necessary labour time must necessarily change with it. This also indicates that the second type of socially necessary labor time is subject to the first type of socially necessary labor time.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Socially Necessary Labor Time.

Two meanings:

1. The first meaning of socially necessary labor time is formed between different producers of the same commodity, and it involves the labor expenditure in the production of the same commodity.

2. The second meaning of socially necessary labor time refers to the socially necessary labor time formed among the producers of different commodities, which involves the distribution of total social labor time among various commodities, and its effect is the degree to which the value of different commodities is accepted by society.

The first meaning of socially necessary labour time is that it is formed between different producers who produce the same commodity, and it involves the labor expenditure in the production of the same commodity.

The second meaning is formed among the producers who produce different commodities, and it concerns the distribution of the total labor time of society among the various commodities.

Socially necessary labor time refers to the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions and under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity.

The necessary labor time corresponds to the surplus labor time, the labor force creates its own use value and value during the necessary labor time, and the labor of the worker creates the surplus value during the remaining labor time.

Appropriated by the capitalists without compensation.

Socially necessary working hours.

Corresponding to the individual necessary labor time, when the labor productivity of the enterprise.

Increase, so that the individual necessary labor time is lower than the socially necessary labor time, and the amount of use value of the goods produced by the enterprise per unit time increases (that is, the enterprise produces more products per unit time), but the value of the commodity is determined by the amount of social necessary labor time**, so the enterprise is profitable!

Socially necessary working time refers to the working time necessary to maintain the functioning of society. It is an important concept because it deals with fundamental issues of socio-economic development and human existence.

The meaning of socially necessary labor time can be understood from many perspectives. First of all, it is about the relationship between the productive forces and the relations of production. In a society, the level of productive forces is closely related to the way in which the relations of production are organized.

If the level of productivity is constantly increasing without a corresponding adjustment of the relations of production, it will lead to an increase in socially necessary working hours. On the contrary, if the relations of production can be properly adjusted, then the socially necessary labor time can be shortened.

Secondly, socially necessary labor time is also closely related to the social nature of production. In a capitalist society, in order to maximize profits, companies tend to make workers work as hard as they can, thus prolonging socially necessary labor hours. In a socialist society, since the purpose of production is to meet the needs of society, the socially necessary labor time can be shortened through the development of science and technology and the improvement of labor organization.

Finally, socially necessary labor time also reflects the stage of development of human society. In early human societies, due to the low level of productivity, socially necessary labor hours were often long, and people needed to spend a lot of time obtaining food and necessities. As productivity increases, socially necessary labor hours are gradually reduced, and people can spend more time engaged in other activities, such as culture, art, and entertainment.

In conclusion, socially necessary labour time is an important concept that is related to socio-economic development and the fundamental issues of human survival. By continuously improving productivity, adjusting production relations, and advancing social progress, we can continue to shorten the socially necessary labor hours and make human society more prosperous and progressive.

The first meaning of socially necessary labor time is that the use value of one standard person's physiological activity in a working day is the boundary. The labor time consumed by human labor in a physiological sense.

The first meaning of socially necessary labor time is the labor time that is limited by the use value produced by the worker in a working day. The emphasis here is on the use value of the production of the laborer in a working day.

The first meaning of socially necessary labor time is the time prescribed according to the labor of the part of physiological activity in the use value of the commodity, and Marx defined the value of commodities in the sense of socially necessary labor time. The first meaning of socially necessary labor time is actually the time spent on use-value labor. It is the physical and intrinsic measure of the value of a commodity.

The second meaning is that socially necessary labor time is the labor time of producing use value on a working day, so it can be called labor time of production use value. This labor time, which makes the production of value, is in fact the physical and internal measure of the value of exchange, and its monetary form is the production of commodities.