What is the difference between solids and liquids in non inertial systems

1) Inertial frame of reference: The frame of reference in which Newton's laws of motion can be strictly established are referred to as inertial frames. The reference frames that move in a uniform linear motion with respect to the inertial frame are all inertial frames. One of the basic tasks of astrometry is to study the principles and methods for establishing inertial frames of reference.

In astrometry, the inertial frame of reference is approximated in the form of a basic star catalog coordinate system. According to the 1961 resolution of the International Astronomical Union, the star positions and self-contained basic system of the Fourth Cardinal Catalog (FK4) published in 1963 are now used as the inertial reference frame for practical use. This catalog consists of 1,535 stars of visual magnitude brighter than evenly distributed across the sky (see Magnitude).

It uses the equatorial plane and the equinox as the reference plane and reference point of the inertial frame of reference (see Celestial Coordinate System). The development of such a frame of reference would have to be based on a complex model of the solar system or the Earth, which would be influenced by the movements of the Earth, the Solar System, and even the Milky Way. Therefore, there is currently no strictly defined inertial frame of reference.

The above basic star catalog system is actually just an approximation of the inertial frame of reference. (2) Non-inertial reference systemNon-inertial reference frame (non-inertial reference frame) is a reference frame that moves in a non-uniform linear motion relative to an inertial reference frame, also known as a non-inertial coordinate system, referred to as a non-inertial frame. In a non-inertial frame, although Newton's laws of motion can still be used to describe the motion laws of an object, the force acting on the object is not only an external force, but also involves the inertial force and the Coleolis inertial force, which do not obey the usual definition of force, but can produce the effect of force in a non-inertial frame.

When the object is at rest relative to the non-inertial frame, the Coriolis inertial force is zero and is only affected by the implicated inertial force, which is commonly referred to as the inertial force. When the rocket is launched, the inertial force is consistent with the direction of gravity experienced by the astronaut, and the astronaut is in a state of overweight; When the spacecraft is in orbit, the inertial force is opposite to the gravitational force experienced by the astronaut and equals in magnitude, and the astronaut is in a state of complete weightlessness.

Non-inertial frames have their own acceleration, and all objects are naturally in a state of velocity change, so the surface of the liquid in the container is inclined "when at rest", while the solid is stressed but not deformed. If it's not inside the container, it will flow non-stop.

Solids have inertia, there are many examples, liquids and gases also have inertia, the teacher gave fewer examples in this regard, let's illustrate the examples. A common phenomenon: fill the porcelain bowl with water and place it on the trolley, as shown in Figure 1.

If the trolley is pulled suddenly, the water that was originally still will be splashed in the opposite direction of the cart's movement. If the trolley is already in motion, as shown in Figure 2, when it suddenly encounters an obstacle in front of it and stops, the water in the bowl will be splashed forward. This is the manifestation of the inertia of liquids.

As shown in Figure 3, the cylindrical (or conical) tissue paper is tied to the bracket with rope respectively. If the wax blows on one side for a short time, the nearby tube is blown first, and then the far tube is also blown. This indicates that after the air is blown, it does not stop immediately and moves forward for a certain distance, indicating that the gas has inertia.

As shown in Figure 4, several candles of equal length are arranged in a straight line, and after they are lit, blow hard at one end of the candle to see that the flame near is blown (or blown out) first, and then the flame in the distance is blown (or blown out).This also shows that the gas has inertia.

Analysis of test questions].

The inertia of a fluid is the property of an object to maintain its original state. Any change in the state of motion must overcome the action of the inertial force, and the physical quantity that characterizes the inertia is mass. The greater the mass, the smaller the inertia, and the more difficult it is to change the state of motion.

Newton believed that there is absolute space and absolute motion, and that the inertia of an object is its own regimental property; If all other matter around a collapsing sail beam object is removed, the object will move by inertia due to its own inertia.

Mach's view is that the motion of an object is not an absolute motion in absolute space, but a relative motion relative to other matter in the universe, so that not only velocity is relative, but acceleration is also relative; The inertial force experienced by an object in a non-inertial frame is not "virtual", but a manifestation of gravitational force, which is the total action of other matter in the universe on the object; The inertia of an object is not a property of the object itself, but is the result of the action of other matter in the universe.

Inertial force refers to: when the object has acceleration, the inertia of the object will make the object have the tendency to maintain the original state of motion, and at this time, if the object is taken as the reference frame and the coordinate system is established on the reference frame, it seems as if there is a force acting in the opposite direction on the object to cause the object to be displaced in the coordinate system, so it is called the car hall inertial force.

Inertial force refers to the tendency of an object to maintain its original motion when it accelerates. The inertial force does not actually exist, only the force that originally accelerates the object, so the inertial force is also called the imaginary force.