What is the scientific principle of the first cosmic velocity 20

The first cosmic velocity is the minimum speed at which a vehicle or satellite takes off and the maximum speed at which it orbits the earth.

The second cosmic velocity is the minimum velocity at which it breaks away from the Earth, free from the Earth's gravitational pull.

The third cosmic velocity is the minimum velocity of the Sun's gravitational pull out of the solar system.

First cosmic velocity (v1) The velocity that a spacecraft must have when moving in a circle along the earth's surface, also known as orbital velocity. First, there are two aliases for cosmic velocity: the minimum launch velocity of a spacecraft and the maximum launch velocity of a spacecraft.

Running speed. In some cases, it is said that when a spacecraft is moving at the first cosmic velocity, it means that the spacecraft is moving along the Earth's surface. According to the theory of mechanics, it is possible to calculate v1 7 9 km seconds.

The spacecraft is orbiting at an altitude of more than hundreds of kilometers above the surface of the ground, and the gravitational pull of the ground on the spacecraft is smaller than that on the ground, so its speed is slightly less than V1.

As you have said above, the minimum take-off velocity of satellites and earth-orbiting vehicles and the maximum velocity of orbiting the earth are based on the earth as the gravitational system, and if the first cosmic velocity is exceeded, the object will exceed the range of the earth's gravity, thus throwing the earth into orbit and out of the earth's gravity.

Lin Long Nian"That's right, but to add: the second universe has a velocity of 11 kilometers per second.

Derivation of v1:

Gravitational force on the object = gravitational force = centripetal force when the spacecraft moves in a circular motion along the earth's surface.

i.e. mg=gmmr2=mv2r

mg=mv^2/r

So v 2 = gr

r ground = m g = m s

v= km/s

The first universe. Velocity refers to the minimum velocity at which a vehicle is launched from Earth, i.e. kilometers of seconds, when the vehicle reaches the first universe.

speed, it will move in a circle around the earth, which is widely used in the field of spacecraft, and the flight speed depends on the jet speed of the rocket and the mass ratio of the rocket.

The so-called first cosmic velocity mainly refers to related concepts such as the minimum launch velocity of spacecraft, and it is also described to a certain extent in the seven cosmic velocities. When a spacecraft is orbiting at its first cosmic velocity, it means that the spacecraft is orbiting along the surface of the Earth.

First, the principle of cosmic velocity

If the cannonball is fired farther away from the ground, the faster the cannonball, the farther the final flight distance will be, and when the speed of the cannonball reaches a kilometer second, the cannonball will not fall on the ground, and it will successfully begin to move in a circle around the earth, which is the so-called first cosmic velocity.

However, it should be noted that when the altitude increases, the gravitational pull of the earth will also decrease, and the required flight speed around the earth will decrease a lot, and all spacecraft will fly outside the atmosphere very high above the ground, so strictly speaking, the speed is lower than the first cosmic velocity.

First, cosmic velocity is not a useless concept and can be used in many ways. For example, in spacecraft, there are also certain applications. Of course, some people want to ask how a spacecraft can really reach cosmic speed, and the flight speed depends on the jet speed of the rocket and the mass ratio of the rocket.

When the jet speed of the engine is higher, the rocket will fly faster. And the larger the mass ratio of the rocket, the higher the speed of the rocket.

The so-called mass ratio of the rocket mainly refers to the comparison of the mass of the rocket when the rocket takes off and the mass of the rocket when the engine is turned off. So in the end, the more mass the rocket, the smaller the mass and the more propellant it carries.

Whether it is the first cosmic velocity, the fourth cosmic velocity, the sixth cosmic velocity, etc., they are all important concepts in astronomy, and better research and understanding is conducive to the development of astronomy.

First, the significance of the speed of the universe is to represent the minimum launch speed of the spacecraft and the maximum operating speed of the spacecraft.

The velocity that a spacecraft must have when moving in a circle along the earth's surface is also called orbiting velocity The first cosmic velocity is divided into two aliases: the minimum launch velocity of a spacecraft and the maximum operating speed of a spacecraft. In some problems, it is said that when a spacecraft is moving at the first cosmic velocity, it means that the spacecraft is moving along the surface of the earth, and according to the theory of mechanics, it can be calculated that v1 = kilometers and seconds.

The so-called cosmic velocity is the minimum velocity required to launch a vehicle from the surface of the earth, and the aircraft to orbit the earth, leave the earth and fly out of the solar system.

I. Second, the third cosmic velocity. In the early days, when people explored the way of spaceflight, in order to estimate the minimum energy required to overcome the gravitational pull of the earth and the gravitational attraction of the sun, the concept of three cosmic velocities was introduced.

Assuming that the Earth is a ring and there is no atmosphere around it, the lowest orbit that an object can orbit around the Earth is a circular orbit with the same radius as the Earth. At this time, the velocity of the object is the first cosmic velocity, which is about kilometers and seconds, and the object does not need to be re-powered to move around the earth after obtaining this horizontal velocity.