Why Putonghua? Why did Yu, Hakka, Min and vernacular not become Chinese?

The reasons are manifold:

1. Mandarin is the official language of the whole country and is recognized by the international community.

2. Putonghua is the standard Chinese, which is the common language for communication between different ethnic groups in China, due to the influence of the regional environment in the southern region, different kinds of local dialects have been formed, these local languages are not common in other regions, obscure and difficult to learn, and pronunciation is also relatively difficult.

3. The area north of the Yangtze River is the capital of China's successive emperors, with a long history and culture, relatively unified language and thought, and a large number of people using Chinese.

4. Yu, Hakka, and Min are all Chinese dialects, and the number of speakers is relatively small, so it has not become a Chinese language.

Mandarin is the common language of the modern Han nation, otherwise everyone speaks their own language, there is no unified language, and there is a problem in communication.

Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms.

There is a second problem, the first factor that can become a Chinese language is the number of people, the use rate of Mandarin accounts for 45% of the national population, and the second is that the range of use is wide, and easy to learn, so from these aspects, the languages you speak obviously do not meet these conditions.

Also, when you say vernacular, you mean Cantonese, which is more difficult to learn than Mandarin, so it doesn't fit the principle of simplicity and ease of learning.

The Manchurians of the Qing Dynasty promoted Mandarin for the convenience of rule, and in the Tang Dynasty, Heluo dialect was the official language, but the tone was close to Hokkien.

Yu, Hakka, Min and vernacular are regional, just like English is divided into American English and British English.

Mandarin is referential, easy to write, easy to read, and easy to disseminate.

Cantonese, also known as Cantonese, Cantonese, and vernacular, is a tonal language that belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is widely used in the central and western parts of Guangdong, the central and southern parts of Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao and some countries or regions in Southeast Asia in southern China, as well as in overseas Chinese communities. Its name** is derived from the ancient Chinese name for the south of the country, Yue or Yue.

Due to the differences between China and the West in terms of linguistic classification, it is debatable whether Cantonese is a separate language or a dialect. Note 1.

At present, there are about 70 million Cantonese speakers in the world. Cantonese is the third largest speaker in China, after Northern Chinese, which is spoken by about 800 million people, and Wu language, which is spoken by about 80 million people, and ranks 16th in the world. Although the population is smaller than Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese is spoken in a wide range of areas.

Cantonese is not only widely used in the overseas Chinese community, but also supports the Cantonese culture centered on Hong Kong culture and southern Cantonese culture, which makes Cantonese have a strong influence and vitality. It can be said that Cantonese is one of the languages with strong vitality in the world.

The Cantonese accent is the accepted standard accent of Cantonese. However, with the influx of a large number of foreigners in recent years, some former Cantonese-speaking cities in Guangdong have even seen more foreigners than local populations, accompanied by a large increase in the number of northern Chinese speakers, coupled with the strong influence of Hong Kong Cantonese pop songs, TV and movies on Cantonese speakers in Chinese mainland in recent years, the central city of Cantonese culture has actually moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong.

There is a certain degree of difference between Hong Kong Cantonese and Cantonese dialect, and sometimes the difference can be made from the overall accent. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between individual words.

For example, Mandarin is called the Chinese language, and China does not have only one language, but Mandarin is the norm for the Chinese language.

: A small local dialect of Liwan District, Guangzhou City, is both a Guangzhou dialect representing Cantonese and Cantonese and vernacular and other nouns! Then they know the so-called Cantonese (Guangzhou dialect) and can't understand the Wuyi dialect, Goukou dialect, Hakka dialect, Chaozhou dialect, etc., and Cantonese people can only use Mandarin to communicate with people who speak (Cantonese).

Beijing is the political center, so Mandarin has become the representative of the Chinese dialect, and Guangzhou is the political center of Guangdong, so the Cantonese dialect has become the representative of Cantonese, and the Cantonese has become the representative of Cantonese.

In the Cantonese-speaking regions of Chinese mainland, colloquially "vernacular" is a special term for Cantonese, just as "gossip" is a special term for Wu, and has nothing to do with the vernacular in the ordinary sense of "popular language".

In the Cantonese-speaking areas of Liangguang (parts of central and western Guangdong, parts of southern Guangxi, except for the Pearl River Delta), Hakka in Guangdong (parts of eastern Guangdong, southern, northern, and western parts of Guangdong, except for the Pearl River Delta), and Min-speaking areas in Guangdong (southeastern Guangdong, southeastern and southwestern parts of Guangdong), vernacular is a general term for the local Cantonese, especially in Guangxi, where Cantonese speakers only have the concept of vernacular and no Cantonese name.

Title for the local Cantonese dialect: In the Pearl River Delta region, the vernacular is the name given to the Cantonese dialect of Cantonese due to the strong influence of Guangzhou. Other aboriginal Cantonese languages in the Pearl River Delta are commonly known as local vernacular, which is in contrast to the local Cantonese and Hakka dialects.

Chinese is spoken by almost middle-aged and under-aged, and the elders of the older generation mostly use their mother tongue, such as Taiwanese, Hakka, aboriginal and so on.

As for the user, it is necessary to look at the occasion.

First, more formal negotiations are conducted in Chinese.

Second, if you know that the other party can speak Taiwanese, you will use Hokkien to talk and cultivate friendship between the two sides.

Third, white-collar workers use Chinese more, and blue-collar workers, farmers, and grassroots employees use Taiwanese more.

Fourth, there are many Taiwanese languages in the south and many Chinese languages in the north.

Fifth, but many times it is a mixture of Chinese and Taiwanese, so Taiwanese Chinese is derived.

Hakka dialect is Hakka.

Hakka (hak-k -ng), referred to as Hak-ng, is also known as Hak, Hakka, etc. in informal occasions in eastern Guangdong, the Pearl River Delta, western Fujian and other regions, and is also called Yahua (亻厓菓菓) in other areas, Xinmin dialect, Cantonese (or Tu Cantonese), Yuedong dialect, Huaiyuan dialect, Huizhou dialect (Guangxi and other places), etc., is a tonal language in the Chinese family under the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is generally believed that the Hakka language was initially finalized in the Southern Song Dynasty[1], and it was in the 20th century that it was named Hakka.

Hakka was defined as a language (non-dialect) by UNESCO in 2009. Nevertheless, linguists still debate whether it should be classified as a dialect of Chinese or as a language. Especially in China, it is considered one of the seven major dialects of the Chinese language.

Hakka is mainly distributed in eastern Guangdong, western Fujian, and southern Jiangxi, and is widely used in southern China (including Taiwan), as well as some Chinese communities in Malaysia and other countries. In linguistic academic research, it is represented by Meixian dialect [2], but in reality, Huiyang dialect has a great influence. In Taiwan, it is generally represented by the four-county dialect.

Historically, Hakka was the "Chinese language" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and was widely used in its official documents[3]. Due to the long-term isolation of the Hakka traditional areas, the inheritance of the Hakka language once relied on a self-enclosed society that was not disturbed by the outside world. With the development of society, the traditional closed state quickly collapsed, and it was completely impossible to rely on traditional laws to inherit the Hakka language, which has become one of the fastest declining languages in the world [4].

Calls for the protection of the Hakka language are also growing, and in 1988 there was a movement to return my mother tongue in Taiwan. Hakka areas such as Taiwan and mainland China are protecting the Hakka language at the official or civil level, and many people are committed to the modernization of the Hakka language, such as: promoting the development of Hakka popularity, calling for Hakka to enter the field of public life (such as radio and television, transportation services), etc.

Mandarin Mandarin (Mandarin) is modern Standard Chinese. Putonghua is based on Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms, and is a common language among Chinese mainland and overseas Chinese. One of the Putonghua standard sound collection places in Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province.

Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China, one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the six official working languages of the United Nations. Article 19 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the State shall promote the use of Putonghua throughout the country".

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China establishes the legal status of Putonghua as the "common language of the nation".

In addition to Mandarin, the northern dialect is the most spoken among the dialects in China.

The northern dialect area includes the area north of the Yangtze River, the south bank of the Yangtze River, east of the Jiujiang River, west of the Zhenjiang River, Hubei (excluding the southeast corner) and the northwest corner of Hunan, as well as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and the northwest of Guangxi. Among the dialects of Chinese, the northern dialect area is the most widely distributed, accounting for about three-quarters of the Chinese-speaking area, and the population speaking it accounts for about 73% of the total Han population.

The northern dialects can be divided into four sub-dialects: 1. North China and Northeast dialects: distributed in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and some areas of Inner Mongolia.

2. Northwest dialects: distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces and some areas of Qinghai, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. The language spoken by the Han people in Xinjiang is also a northwestern dialect.

3. Southwest dialect: distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and most of Hubei (except for Weining area in the southeast corner), northwest Guangxi, northwest corner of Hunan, etc. 4. Jianghuai dialect:

It is distributed in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province north of the Yangtze River (except for Xuzhou and Bengbu dialects in North China and Northeast China), west of Zhenjiang and east of Jiujiang River.

In addition to Beijing dialect, what other dialects do you think you can understand on TV?

I can only understand Northeast dialect and a little bit of Sichuan, and I guess most people do that.

In terms of influence and scope, I personally think that in addition to Mandarin, Cantonese, Sichuan, and Northeast dialects are the most commonly used.

Cantonese, of course.

Especially abroad, foreigners who think that China is two languages will ask you: Do you speak Chinese or Cantonese?

Henan dialect, right? The most populous.

Cantonese and Hakka dialects are significantly inferior to Min in terms of antiquity. Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Cantonese and Hakka dialects retain most of the phonetics and vocabulary of the Song Dynasty, while Min retains most of the phonetics and vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty and before the Tang Dynasty. Mandarin:

House Cantonese: House Min Chinese: Cuo Mandarin:

Eyes Cantonese: Eye Min Chinese: Eyes Mandarin:

Chopsticks Cantonese: Chopsticks Min Chinese: 箸Mandarin:

I, you, and him Cantonese: I, you, 佢 (qu) Min Chinese: I (Yu) Ruyi.

Difference one:

The Hakka dialect is a local language with regional limitations.

Mandarin is the national standard language promoted by the state.

Difference 2: Mandarin has 21 standard initials, 39 finals, and 4 types of tones.

There is no unified standard for Hakka. It can only be said that the composition of the pronunciation is different.