What kind of truth does the history of Confucianism tell us?

Wu Guanyi, who was a professor at Peking University at the time and an expert in the study of Chinese history, swaggered Niu Pulang and Yang Zhizhong, the "old dumb", "Secondly, from his related creations, we can see that Wu Jingzi.

Although the history of Confucianism.

The satire of "The Outer History of Confucianism" is not only a satire of the characters, but also an exposé, accusation and criticism of various social phenomena at that time.

The History of Confucianism is a long story written by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty, written in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749) or a little earlier, and is now handed down in a manuscript, first engraved in the 8th year of Jiaqing (1803).

On the one hand, it truly reveals the process and reasons for the corrosion of human nature, so as to deeply criticize and ridicule the corruption of officials at that time, the disadvantages of the imperial examinations, and the hypocrisy of etiquette and religion. On the one hand, he enthusiastically praises the protection of human nature made by a few characters in the way of insisting on themselves, thus embodying the author's ideals. **The use of the vernacular has become more proficient, and the characterization of the characters is also quite in-depth and delicate, especially the use of superb satirical techniques, making the book a masterpiece of classical Chinese satirical literature.

The Outer History of Confucianism represents the peak of ancient Chinese satire, and it creates an example of directly evaluating real life. Lu Xun believed that the ideological content of the book "upholds the public heart and criticizes the evils of the times", and Hu Shi believes that its artistic characteristics can be called "refined by fine work". In the international sinology community, the book is even more influential, has been handed down in English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, Spanish and other languages, and has been highly praised by the sinology circles, some believe that the "Confucian History" is worthy of being among the masterpieces of world literature, comparable to the works of Boccaccio, Cervantes, Balzac or Dickens, etc., is an outstanding contribution to world literature.

The Outer History of Confucianism is a long chapter created by Wu Jingzi, a realist in the Qing Dynasty, which created an example of directly evaluating real life and represented the peak of ancient Chinese satire. This book consists of 56 chapters, written in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749) or a little earlier, and was first handed down in manuscripts, and was first engraved in the 8th year of Jiaqing (1803).

** From the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty ("wedge"), until the 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty ("Youbang"), it lasted about 248 years. The text begins with the second chapter, the story takes place in the last years of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, about 120 years away from the "wedge"; ended in the fifty-fifth episode of the "Four Guests" story, which happened in the twenty-third year of Wanli, twenty-one years away from the "Youbang". It has gone through the rise and fall of a dynasty.

The insights of "The Outer History of Confucianism" are as follows:

The Outer History of Confucianism vividly portrays the current situation of the decay and erosion of the spiritual, moral, and cultural education of the intellectual class under the imperial examination system. It reveals the concept of fame and fortune of scholars, the bureaucratic system, human relations, and the whole social atmosphere through the various situations of life.

Although it is generally classified as a long-form **, its structure is very different from what people usually call a long-form **. **There are no main characters and story frameworks throughout the book, but a series of relatively independent stories; After the previous story is finished, some new characters are introduced, and these new characters become the main characters in the latter story.

The Outer History of Confucianism has an aesthetic style of blending joy and sorrow. Wu Jingzi can truly show the dual structure of the combination of Qi and Harmony, and the interweaving of sorrow and joy in the satirical object, showing the tragic connotation hidden behind the comical present number of cherry blossoms, so as to give the reader a double aesthetic feeling. Zhou Jin hit the trumpet board, Fan Jinzhong went crazy, Mr. Ma Er bowed to Songchang in the Imperial Library, and Wang Yuhui persuaded the female martyr to laugh.