How to learn the latitude and longitude lines in junior high school geography

There are only longitudes and latitudes on the earth, so you have to draw more maps of the earth and think about it before you go to bed. And then you have to add the sun, because the main parallels on the earth are related to the revolution of the earth, so you can combine the sun, the revolution of the earth to record the parallel. Spring and autumn are the equator, summer is the Tropic of Cancer, and winter is the Tropic of Capricorn.

The meridian is related to the rotation of the earth, you have to grasp the prime meridian, and then according to the rotation of the earth, the North Pole is on it, looking to the east is the east longitude, the west is the west longitude, and then another 180 degrees of meridian, it is estimated that the rest may be the yellow and red corner, the first two you will see, this is no problem.

The vertical line is the meridian line, and the horizontal line is the latitude line, the teacher said, the east increases the east longitude, the west increases the west longitude, the north increases the north latitude, and the south increases the south latitude, which means that the number on the line is increased, and the direction in which it is added to determine whether it is east and west longitude or south and north latitude.

Remember a few special latitude and longitude lines: Tropic of Capricorn, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, Prime Meridian (0° meridian), Equator (0° parallel, dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres), Eastern and Western Hemisphere dividing lines (the area east of 20°W and west of 160°E is the Eastern Hemisphere, and the area west of 20°W and east of 160°E is the Western Hemisphere), as well as the low, middle, and high latitude ranges in the book, as well as the five zones (Northern Arctic Zone, North Temperate Zone, Tropical, Southern Temperate Zone, and Southern Arctic Zone).

That's probably all there is to it, as for the topic, you should have navigation, do it seriously, listen to the teacher, I'm like this, and I look at the map more, I've been looking at the map since I was a child, so I'm not bad at geography now.

You don't have to learn it deliberately. I didn't understand it when I was in junior high school. When I got to high school, I didn't know how. And the geography grades are very good. Now you shouldn't take the geography exam in junior high school. There's no need to spend time on it.

First of all, you have to be able to look at the globe. I suggest you buy a globe to keep the overall impression of the latitude and longitude lines in your mind! Secondly, we have to know what the function of the warp and weft lines is, which is actually set by people for convenient positioning and time, which is the simplest function.

Third, (1) we must learn to distinguish the annotation method of latitude and longitude, east longitude with a capital e, west longitude with a capital letter w, north latitude with a capital n, south latitude with a capital s, longitude and latitude are marked with degrees plus the following capital letters. (2) It is necessary to distinguish how the southern latitude and the northern latitude are divided, and how the east longitude and the west longitude are divided. The general map is up, north, down, south, left, west, right, east.

For example, latitude is along the line parallel to east and west, bounded by the equator, north of the equator is the north latitude, and south of the equator is the south latitude, and the degree of latitude increases from the equator to the north and south until the north and south poles are 90 degrees; Longitude is the line along the north-south direction, and the east-west longitude dividing line is the 0-degree meridian, which is the longitude that passes through the original site of the Greenwich Observatory in the United Kingdom, called the 0° meridian, also called the prime meridian. Among them, it is necessary to pay attention to the direction of east longitude and west longitude, and also pay attention to the difference between the dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres and the 0-degree longitude. Third, the base unit between the latitude and longitude lines, 1 degree is equal to 60 minutes, and 1 minute is equal to 60 seconds.

It can be said that there are countless latitudes and longitudes on the earth, but we generally only need to remember a few important latitudes and longitudes, such as the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the pole, 20 degrees east longitude, 160 degrees west longitude, etc. Fourth, at this stage, you need to keep looking at the pictures and draw some simple warp and weft lines. Fifth, it is necessary to understand the cause of the yellow-red angle and the movement trajectory of the direct sun point between the Tropic of Cancer, what is a line-surface angle, and what is a face-to-face angle.

This needs to start with the rotation and rotation of the earth, to understand the difference and connection between revolution and rotation, how to produce the four seasons, the division of solar terms in a year, aphelion, perihelion, etc., and so on After the above are clear, you can calculate the time difference, the algorithm of time difference is more difficult for beginners (junior high school students generally do not make requirements, high school will naturally have arrangements), but it is not difficult to learn, the key is to fully combine with the globe. For those who study geography, the key is to look at the map, understand the reasons for the occurrence of some principles, the derivation process of some formulas, especially the derivation of formulas, as long as you remember the principles, no deformation will be taken. I suggest that as a junior high school student, you can buy some junior high school teaching materials, as well as find some teaching on the Internet, or introduce the method in detail for self-study.

It's almost as good to memorize a few key meridians and latitudes, and by the way, look at maps, world maps or globes, and image memory is quite effective.

Generally remember the main latitude and longitude lines, 20w 160e Tropic of Cancer 120e equatorial 0° 180° longitude Because the main parallels on the earth are related to the rotation of the earth, you can combine the revolution of the sun and the earth to record the latitude. The spring and autumn equinox is the equator, the summer solstice is the Tropic of Cancer, and the winter is the Tropic of Capricorn. In the past few days, the probability of coming to the latitude and longitude test is very high, and remember to follow the direction of the earth's rotation (from east to west), the east longitude increases, and the west longitude decreases.

Think of yourself as an irregular globe, where the waist, hips, or something are the wefts, circles but not equal lengths; The head-to-toe arc is the warp, which is semicircular and of equal length.

It's good to do more questions, and if you do more questions, you'll be familiar with them.

Remember that the horizontal is the weft and the vertical is the warp. The weft is a circle, and the warp is a semicircle. The longest parallel is the equator, and the parallels decrease from the equator to the poles. The warps are all equal. Two opposing warp coils form a circle, such as 20 degrees east longitude and 160 degrees west longitude.

The latitude and longitude line is a horizontal and vertical coordinates. However, you may be confused when it comes to questions. It's still better to look at the map and do more questions. If you don't learn geography well in junior high school, it will be very difficult to go to high school, and you won't be able to understand it.

n is north, s is sorth, e is east, and w is west.

Judging basis: Looking at the numbers, it is east longitude (e) that is getting bigger and bigger to the east, west longitude (w) that is getting bigger and bigger to the west, north latitude (n), and south latitude (s) that is getting bigger and bigger to the south.

Method: Arrow indication method.

According to the law of change of longitude and latitude numbers, draw arrows from small to large, and the arrows point to the corresponding latitude and longitude.

The meridians and parallels can also divide the earth into several different hemispheres. Like cutting a watermelon, the earth is cut along the equator (0°), and the hemisphere north of the equator is called the northern hemisphere; The hemisphere south of the equator is called the southern hemisphere, such as cutting the earth along the longitude of 20°W and 160°E, and the hemisphere from 20°W longitude to 160°E is called the Eastern Hemisphere; The hemisphere to the west is called the western hemisphere.

The knowledge points of geography latitude and longitude in junior high school are as follows:

Latitude and longitude.

The variation of latitude increases from the equator (0° latitude) to the north and south poles; The maximum latitude is 90 degrees, at the South Pole, the North Pole.

The latitude north of the equator is called north latitude and is denoted by "n"; The latitude south of the equator is called southern latitude and is denoted by an "s".

With the equator as the boundary, the earth is divided equally into two hemispheres, the northern hemisphere north of the equator and the southern hemisphere south of the equator.

The variation of longitude increases from the prime meridian (0° meridian) to the west and east to 180°.

The longitude east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, which is denoted by "e"; The longitude west of the prime meridian is called west longitude, which is denoted by "w".

The dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres is: a meridian coil composed of 20°W and 160°E; Among them, west of 20°W to 160°E belongs to the Western Hemisphere (greater than 20°W or greater than 160°E); East of 20°W to 160°E belongs to the Eastern Hemisphere (less than 20°W or less than 160°E).

How to read the graph: Observe the completion of the graph:

1) Find out the characteristics of the weft: all the wefts form a circle of their own, called the weft coils, the length of the weft coils is unequal, the longest is the equator, from the equator to the poles gradually shortened, to the poles shrink into a point. The parallels indicate the east-west direction, all parallel to each other, and the equator divides the earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.

(2) See the labeling method of latitude and the law of the distribution and arrangement of latitude: the latitude is calculated from the equator, the equator is set at 0 degrees, from the equator to the north pole and the south pole are divided into 90 degrees, and the north of the equator is the north latitude, and the code is n; To the south is the south latitude, the code is S, 90 degrees north latitude is the North Pole, and 90 degrees south latitude is the South Pole. The dividing line between southern and northern latitudes is the equator.

3) Special weft:

0 degrees of latitude: that is, the equator, is the longest parallel, the dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres.

On the globe, the line connecting the north and south poles and perpendicular to the latitude is called the meridian, also called the meridian, the meridian is only the north-south direction, the longitude of the prime meridian is 0 degrees, which is the starting line of the meridian, from which to the east and west, each 180 degrees is called east longitude and west longitude, respectively E and W indicate that the 180 degrees of east longitude and west longitude coincide, usually it is called 180 degrees of meridian, any two meridians form a meridian coil, and any one meridian can divide the earth into two hemispheres.

The horizontal line (including the horizontal arc) is the parallel, and the vertical line (including the vertical arc) is the meridian line.

Latitude is from the equator (0°), south latitude (higher the further south), and north latitude (higher the further north);

Longitude is from the prime meridian (0°), east is east longitude (the further east the value is), and west is the west longitude (the further west the value is), the meridian is also called the meridian.

How to view the graticule:

Determine the east-west longitude and north-south latitude code.

Judging basis: Looking at the numbers, the east longitude is the east longitude that is getting bigger and bigger, the west longitude is the west longitude that is getting bigger and bigger, the north latitude is getting bigger and bigger, and the south latitude is getting bigger and bigger.

Step 2: Determine the direction.

Method: The warp refers to something.

Step 3: Judge the east, west, north and south hemispheres according to latitude and longitude.

Judgment of the Eastern and Western Hemisphere Mantra:

Longitude less than 20 degrees, all in the Eastern Hemisphere;

Longitude greater than 160 degrees, all in the Western Hemisphere;

The longitude is between 20 and 160 degrees, the east longitude is in the eastern hemisphere, and the west longitude is in the western hemisphere.

Judgment of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres:

The northern latitude is in the northern hemisphere and the southern latitude is in the southern hemisphere.

The horizontal is the latitude, the vertical is the longitude, the meridian is the north-south direction, and the latitude is the east-west direction.