What is a four body two purpose and what is a four body dual purpose ? And illustrate with examples

Four Bodies and Two Uses: The Qing Dynasty linguist Dai Zhen came to the conclusion of analyzing the Chinese characters "Six Books", which was formed during the Qianjia period. And it was used by the "Zhang Huang" school.

It is believed that in the six books of Chinese characters, there are four kinds of character creation, such as pictograms, signifiers, huiyi, and shape and sound, and two kinds of words are used for transcribing and pretending, which is called "four bodies and two uses". The two uses of the four bodies in the six books refer to the transfer and pretense of borrowing

The "four bodies" are the four types of word-making methods of pictogram, signifier, understanding, and shape and sound, and the "two uses" refer to the two ways of transferring notes and borrowing words.

1. Hieroglyphs: people, horses (traditional), day, auspicious, etc.

2. Morphophonetic characters: boat, grass, alliance, and so on.

3. Meaning words: Ming, Xiu, and, both, etc.

4. Referring to words: It is an abstract method of word-making, that is, when there is no or inconvenient to draw it with a concrete image, it is represented by an abstract symbol, such as up and down.

5. Transfer words: such as the word "old" and the word "test", which is a pair of transfer words, they all belong to the "old department" (the so-called construction of a class).

6. Fake borrowed words: negative indefinite pronouns that mean "no one, nothing", originally did not create a word specifically for it, and borrowed the word "Mo" (the original meaning is twilight) with the same sound to record it. In this way, "Mo" has also become a special word for recording negative indefinite pronouns.

In order to distinguish it, people later coined "twilight" to mean sunset. The relationship between "Mo" and "Twilight" belongs to the relationship between ancient and modern characters.

The quadruple body refers to the limbs of the human body. There is often an ancient Chinese saying: the four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not divided.

The four-body industriousness means that the body and limbs do not work and are separated from labor. The distinction between grains and grains is the only way to describe a person who lacks knowledge of labor. "The four bodies are not diligent and the five grains are not divided" is from "The Analects of Weizi".

Nowadays, "the four bodies are not diligent and the five grains are not divided" has a new meaning. For example, it can be said that with the development of society, some young leading cadres.

It has also become "the four bodies are not diligent, and the grains are not divided". This means that after some young people have become leaders, the macro oak bureaucratic style.

Seriously, all day long, pampered and pampered, resulting in detachment from practice, detachment from the grassroots, detachment from the masses, obviously ignorance of the social life and public sentiment and public opinion, but also everywhere pointing fingers and blind commands, full of big truths, and official words.

"Four bodies" refers to the four limbs of people, and there is a saying that the four bodies are not diligent and the grains are not divided. The "four bodies" in calligraphy refer to the four fonts of ancient script, official script, cursive script, and seal script.

"The four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not distinguished" means that they do not participate in labor production and cannot understand the five kinds of grains of rice, millet, millet, wheat, and soybean. Describe those who are detached from labor production and lack the knowledge and experience of production. This sentence comes from "The Analects of Weizi": "The man said:

If the four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not divided, who is the master? ’

Dai Zhen, a linguist of the Qing Dynasty, analyzed the Six Books and came up with the "Four Bodies and Two Uses Theory", and advocated that the pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, and shapes and sounds in the Six Books are the configuration categories of Chinese characters, and the transfer and pretense of the two are the use methods of Chinese characters.

Six Books. Four-body dual-purpose.

The "four bodies" are the four types of word-making methods of pictogram, signifier, understanding, and shape and sound, and the "two uses" refer to the two ways of transferring notes and borrowing words.

1. Hieroglyphs.

People, horses (traditional), Japanese, auspicious, etc.

2. Shape and sound characters.

Boats, grasses, alliances, and many more.

3. Meaning words: Ming, Xiu, and, both, etc.

4. Referring to the word.

It is an abstract method of word-making, that is, when there is no or inconvenient to draw it with a concrete image, it is represented by an abstract symbol, such as upper and lower.

5. Transfer words: such as the word "old" and the word "test", which is a pair of transfer words, they all belong to the "old department" (the so-called construction of a class).

6. Fake borrowed words: negative indefinite pronouns that mean "no one, nothing", originally did not create a word specifically for it, and borrowed the word "Mo" (the original meaning is twilight) with the same sound to record it. In this way, "Mo" has also become a special word for recording negative indefinite pronouns.

In order to distinguish it, people later coined "twilight" to mean sunset. The relationship between "Mo" and "Twilight" belongs to the relationship between ancient and modern characters.

"Four bodies and two uses" is the conclusion reached by the Qing Dynasty linguist Dai Zhen from his analysis of the Chinese characters "Six Books", which was formed in the Qianjia period.