What are the special features of brain metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in addition to the com

The early stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and pharyngitis are basically indistinguishable, and they feel uncomfortable and think that they have a cold or pharyngitis**. However, it is different in the middle and late stages, there will be bleeding, or peculiar smell, and clinical examination of the nasopharynx is required. The best way to rule out nasopharyngeal cancer is a biopsy.

Because the nasopharynx is easy to see with a mirror, if it is inflammation, the surface will be congested and red, if it is a tumor, the surface will be covered with some lichen, and there will be some necrosis and bleeding after infection, which need to be biopsied to determine.

If it is nasopharyngeal cancer, if there is metastasis, then there are more symptoms to consider, and it depends on which part of the metastasis! Then different parts of the metastasis will have different symptoms. Once metastasis occurs, chemotherapy is still needed in time for improvement.

Then a specific ** plan, it is recommended to follow the doctor's advice. Carry out**.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma brain metastases are often manifested as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, and in severe cases, confusion, coma, etc., it is recommended to seek medical diagnosis as soon as possible, and timely **, the primary lesion site can be considered to be controlled within a certain range by chemotherapy and then removed by surgery, during which it is combined with monomeric anti-cancer monomeric Chinese medicine ginseng RG 3 adjuvant ** to reduce symptom response, improve the first effect, and prolong the patient's life.

Pay more attention to a healthy diet on weekdays, focus on light and nutrition, maintain normal physiological needs, and hope that patients can maintain a good attitude and actively cooperate**.

It still needs to be improved by chemotherapy in time. Then a specific ** plan, it is recommended to follow the doctor's advice. Carry out**.

What are the symptoms of bone metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Pain is the most common symptom of bone metastasis in cancer tissue, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma is no exception, but there are no obvious symptoms of bone metastasis in the early stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and it can cause pain when the tumor grows to a certain extent to compress nerve endings or cause bone destruction. How do the symptoms of bone metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma change?

With the aggravation of the disease, the pain changes from indirect to persistent, especially at night, and rest can not alleviate the symptoms, some patients will have low-grade fever and anemia symptoms, and in severe cases, pathological fractures, if there is a neck fracture, it will lead to difficulty breathing, and even suffocation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is mainly caused by mental and emotional changes, emotional discomfort, internal organ deficiency, lack of righteousness, inability to adapt to changes in the external climate and environment, or due to viruses, smoke inhalation, dietary irregularities, nasopharyngeal diseases (including residual gland infection in the nasopharyngeal area, mucosal erosion, mucosal ulcers, nasopharyngeal hyperplasia nodules), etc. The following points should be noted for this:

1.Pay attention to climate change, prevent colds, maintain nose and throat hygiene, and avoid viral infections. 2.

Try to avoid inhaling harmful smoke, such as kerosene lamp gas, insecticidal aerosols, etc., and actively quit smoking and alcohol. 3.If you have nasopharyngeal diseases, you should seek medical diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible, such as nasal discharge with blood or bloody nasal discharge from the mouth after nasal suction, as well as unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy, middle ear effusion, etc., you should do a detailed nasopharyngeal examination in time.

The lymphoid tissue of the nasopharyngeal mucosa is extremely abundant, so nasopharyngeal carcinoma is very prone to cervical lymphatic metastasis, and about 1 3 of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer go to the doctor after cervical lymph node metastasis. The lymphatic tissue of the nasopharynx has major lymphatic vessels concentrated in front or behind the lateral wall, flowing into the retropharyngeal lymph nodes next to the cervical vertebrae, and then bypassing the carotid artery and entering the deep superior cervical lymph nodes. Deep superior cervical lymph nodes can be further divided into two groups:

one group in the anterior part of the posterior mandibular angle to the upper part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; The other group is on the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and below the mastoid tip (the mastoid process is the bony protrusion behind the ear). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is most common in the post-lymph node metastasis group. In the early stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cancer cells can metastasize through lymphatic vessels and manifest as follows:

Lymphadenopathy in the posterior pharyngeal wall is enlarged first, followed by lymph nodes in the deep back of the neck. ** sexual nodules appear below the mastoid process or at the anterior border of the upper sternocleidomastoid muscle. Lymphadenopathy in the neck on the affected side is followed by lymphadenopathy in both necks, and eventually a large lump in the neck.

Dysphagia occurs when the tumor compresses the glossopharyngeal nerve ( ). The tumor compresses the vagus nerve (X), causing dysphonia. The tumor compresses the accessory nerve ( ) and causes ipsilateral shrug weakness.

If the tumor compresses the hypoglossal nerve ( ), one side of the tongue muscle will be atrophied, the tongue will be protruded to the affected side, and speech will be slurred. Patients may also have vocal cord paralysis leading to hoarseness and paralysis of tongue muscles.

1 Direct spread Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can invade and destroy the skull base bone by extending upward, and the destruction of the foramen ovale is the most common. In the late stage, the sella can be disrupted, and the opposite cranial nerve can be invaded through the rupture foramen, and corresponding symptoms appear. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can invade the oropharynx, palatine tonsils, and base of the tongue downward, anteriorly into the nasal cavity and orbit, posteriorly into the cervical spine, and laterally from the Eustachian tube to the middle ear.

2 Lymphatic metastasis The nasopharyngeal mucosa is rich in lymphatic vessels, so nasopharyngeal carcinoma can develop lymphatic metastasis, and more than half of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma come to the hospital because of cervical lymphadenopathy. Metastasis to the lymph nodes of the posterior pharyngeal wall, then to the deep and superior neck and other cervical lymph nodes, and rarely to the superficial cervical lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node metastases are often ipsilateral, followed by bilateral, and rarely contralateral.

3 Blood tract metastasis Nasopharyngeal carcinoma often metastasizes to the liver, lungs, and bones, followed by the kidneys, adrenal glands, and pancreas. When discomfort occurs in these organs, the possibility of cancer metastasis needs to be considered.

SPAN nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a cancer disease that seriously threatens the lives of patients, and many people avoid cancer. Experts said that you must not shy away from medical treatment, and once you have uncomfortable symptoms, you must go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination and **. /span

Hello span, direct spread: The tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can generally invade and destroy the skull base bone by expanding upward, and the destruction at the foramen ovale is the most common. In the late stage, the sella can be destroyed, and through the rupture foramen will invade the contracranial nerve, causing corresponding symptoms.

The tumour may invade the oropharynx, palatine tonsils, and base of the tongue downward, anteriorly into the nasal cavity and orbit, posteriorly into the cervical vertebrae, and laterally from the Eustachian tube to the middle ear. Lymph node metastasis: Cervical lymph nodes account for about 1 3 of the lymph nodes in the whole body, especially the deep lymph nodes are closely related to tumor metastasis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is characterized by early metastasis and high metastasis rate of cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are often multiple, unequal, and hard lumps, which generally increase in number and gradually merge into large masses with the progression of the disease, and gradually merge into huge masses, with gradually limited mobility. Metastases usually occur from the upper neck to the lower neck, with about half of patients having metastases in both necks, and less commonly, preauricular lymph node metastases.

Distant metastasis: The rate of distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively high, which is obviously related to whether the primary tumor invades the nasopharyngeal cavity, whether the cervical lymph nodes have metastasized, and whether the size and location are significant. There is a high rate of distant metastasis of tumor invasion of the oropharynx or nasal cavity.

The transfer site can be rented in a single place or in multiple places. Common sites of distant metastases are bone, lung, and liver. In bone metastases, the spine, pelvis and limbs are more common.

Metastasis of the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, mediastinal lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes and other parts can also occur. CT can detect metastases to areas such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, and retroperitoneum early. /span

A few days ago, a research group led by Professor Ma Jun of the South China State Key Laboratory of Oncology of the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University used magnetic resonance (MRI) technology to find out the three major laws of local invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the first time in the world, and successfully drew a "dangerous topographic map" of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to this law.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common in South China, and radiation is the preferred method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The determination of the radiation range (clinical target) plays a particularly critical role in radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, due to the lack of data on the invasion mode of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the lack of relevant literature, the local invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been reported, which makes it difficult for clinicians to accurately delineate the clinical target area.

In this regard, researchers from the South China State Key Laboratory of Oncology of the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University continuously collected 943 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to the center from January 2003 to December 2004, and all patients had nasopharyngeal and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

First, nasopharyngeal tumors gradually invade from near to far with the nasopharynx as the center and the jump spread is rare, and the incidence of invasion of the parapharyngeal space close to the nasopharyngeal cavity is as high as that and the incidence of invasion of the infraorbital fissure that is far away is very low (, so the risk of invasion of various anatomical structures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is related to its position from the nasopharyngeal cavity).

Second, the nerve orifice is an important diffusion pathway for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the pterygopalatine fossa, foramen and foramen ovale are important pathways for the local spread of the tumor.

Third, although the nasopharyngeal mucosa is prone to bilateral invasion (up to 10%), the muscles and bones surrounding the mucosa are rarely affected bilaterally (< 10%).

Ma Jun pointed out that this study has laid the foundation for the determination of the "individualized clinical target" of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, so as to protect the normal tissues and organs of the head and neck to the greatest extent, reduce the incidence of sequelae and improve the quality of life. This will directly benefit the majority of nasopharyngeal cancer patients and have far-reaching social impact, and the study** has been published in the International Journal of Biophysics of Radiation Oncology, an authoritative journal of radiology**.

Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

1. Swollen cervical lymph nodes.

If the lymph nodes in the neck are swollen, it may be nasopharyngeal cancer or lymphoma, because nasopharyngeal cancer is a lesion in the nasal cavity, which may lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck are the most common symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer.

The mass caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma is often hard and nontender, and has the characteristics of early metastasis and high metastasis rate.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high degree of malignancy, and cervical lymph node metastasis can occur in the early stage, and the early metastasis is actually just a difference caused by different methods applied.