Why is the vertical reinforcement of the underground wall matched on the outer side, and the vertica

Because the reinforcement of the outer wall of the basement has to bear the lateral pressure of the soil.

03G101 does not have relevant instructions, because the specific situation needs to be analyzed, the length of the general basement outer wall is much greater than the height of the floor, and the force is similar to that of a one-way plate, so the short direction (i.e. vertical) is the main stressed steel bar, the reinforcement is larger, in order to ensure the effective height of its cross-section, it is placed on the outside of the horizontal bar, if there is a small length of individual components, but the height of the layer is large, the horizontal bar is not excluded from the situation that the reinforcement is large, in this case, the vertical bar is placed on the inside of the horizontal bar, the general design will be indicated, but there is a principle that is unchanged, The stronger reinforcement should be placed on the outside, such as the roof and the wall. (For example, the vertical reinforcement is 14 spacing 150 for the second level, and the horizontal reinforcement is 12 spacing 150 for the second level, and the vertical reinforcement with larger reinforcement must be placed on the outside.) It doesn't matter if it's a retaining wall or a fire pool, the side walls are the same. ）

The underground is mainly concerned with earth pressure, and it is beneficial to the force on the outside.

The ground is considered earthquake-resistant.

Not necessarily. It mainly depends on the force. Which side of the wall is tensile is which side has elongated flexion. The main reinforcement should be placed on the tension side. If the force is uncertain, the two sides should be equipped with stressed steel bars

There is no specific normative conclusion on this issue. The main reason is to consider the force, followed by the convenience of construction. The exterior wall of the basement mainly needs to consider the bending resistance outside the plane, that is, the configuration of vertical reinforcement.

The underground part belongs to the retaining wall, and the aboveground part belongs to the shear wall, and the force is different.

Vertical and horizontal reinforcement of the exterior walls of the basement, which is on the outer layer and which is on the inner layer.

Vertical and horizontal reinforcement of the exterior walls of the basement, which is on the outer layer and which is on the inner layer! Hello, happy to answer your <>

The shear wall of the pro-horizontal superstructure is horizontal in the outer layer, and the vertical reinforcement is in the inner layer, which is easy to understand, and the horizontal reinforcement in the shear wall is the main stressed reinforcement, so it is in the outer layer. 1. The steel bar on the retaining side of the basement outer wall is relatively thick, and the coarse steel bar is not good for reducing cracks. To control cracks, the reinforcement should be fine and dense.

In addition, the concrete specification controls the crack overproduction, so the favorable effect of the vertical load can be considered when calculating the cracks of the exterior wall, 2. The basement vertical steel slow hollow bar is very inconvenient to construct on the outside, and the construction is complex and the quality is often difficult to guarantee the dust difference. Therefore, the horizontal ribs of the basement outer wall are placed on the outside to be beneficial to the design and construction, and at the same time, the drawing method of the tendon school should be pointed downwards to facilitate construction. The outer wall of the basement bears the pressure of the soil and water side, and the vertical bar is the main stressed bar, and the vertical bar is placed on the outside, and the horizontal bar is placed on the inner side accordingly, I hope mine can help you <>

Do you have any other questions?

Dear, hello, I am glad to answer for you, why the horizontal reinforcement is placed on the outside of the vertical reinforcement to be tested to facilitate constructionA: Such a horizontal distribution reinforcement structure is conducive to resisting shear force, and it is convenient for construction. For the question of whether the horizontal bar is placed on the inside or outside of the vertical burning steel bar, it involves the essential difference between the outdoor wall and the shear wall in the middle of the field. Therefore, although there is a practice of vertical reinforcement on the outside of the ridge atlas, most of the basement retaining wall design is horizontal, on the one hand, the force is not bad, and the integrity is good;

The above two answers are purely theoretical. In fact, experiments have shown that horizontal ribs are more effective when they are outside. Therefore, although there is a practice of vertical reinforcement outside the atlas, most of the basement retaining wall design is horizontal, on the one hand, the force is not bad, and the integrity is good; On the other hand, it is also very important, that is, because the vertical bars are all buried, the horizontal bars are more convenient for construction and can better ensure the construction quality.

For example, in addition, the atlas clearly requires that which one is outside is determined by design. However, as a reply to others, a large number of engineering practices have proved that the most common problem in retaining walls such as garages and basements is vertical cracks, on the one hand, on both sides of the bottom of the beam, and on the other hand, temperature cracks caused by the long retaining wall.

Although these cracks do not affect the force of the wall, they cause a lot of water leakage. This shows that the real impact on the quality of the retaining wall is not the vertical reinforcement that bears the horizontal bending moment, but the horizontal distribution reinforcement that controls the cracks. Therefore, in practice, most of them tend to have horizontal ribs outside, which is more conducive to controlling vertical temperature cracks.

The concrete retaining soil in the basement mainly bears the lateral pressure of the soil on the wall, and there is no wall limb distinction, and it is a wall closed along the perimeter of the house. The bending moment generated by the lateral pressure on the side of the wall, the tensile stress formed by the bending moment is all borne by the vertical steel bar, and the thickness of the wall is small, and the steel bar should be as close to the side as possible (must be calculated) in order to obtain the maximum resistance moment. Therefore, the vertical reinforcement should be close to the protective layer, while the transverse reinforcement should be inward.

As a retaining wall, its horizontal reinforcement is used as a structural reinforcement, and its stressed reinforcement should be arranged according to the form of force, generally arranged on the outside of the longitudinal reinforcement.

The horizontal rib is on the inside of the vertical rib, which is a force problem, and the design will be indicated.

The reinforcement is the longitudinal reinforcement of the column or wall before the concrete is poured.

Tied in the foundation, generally the foundation and the column or wall are constructed separately, at this time, if the reinforcement of the column or wall is left directly in the foundation, because the reinforcement is very long and inconvenient for construction, so a section of reinforcement is thrown out for the reinforcement lap of the column or wall.

use, at this time you need to insert ribs.

In addition to the foundation column needs to be provided with reinforcement, the column on the beam also needs to be provided with reinforcement and retaining wall.

Sometimes inserts are also used.

In general design, the horizontal direction is also the X direction, and the vertical direction is the Y direction, and the X-direction reinforcement is placed along the X direction. Generally, the x-direction is horizontal, usually from left to right.

Regarding the question of which direction the reinforcement is on, if the design specifies, do it according to the design.

If it is not specified, it is generally placed according to the force magnitude: that is, the reinforcement in the direction of the greater force (short span) is on the outside, such as an independent foundation, and only the lower rib is configured, and the reinforcement in the short span direction is on the lower side.

In the case of the upper reinforcement of the raft foundation, the reinforcement in the direction of the short span is on the upper (or outside) side.

The horizontal direction is the x-direction of the reinforcement horizontally; Short-facing reinforcement is underneath.

11g101-3 On page 10, it is clear that x is for the long direction and y is for the short direction. Page 63 The x-direction reinforcement is below, and the y-direction is strong.

The reinforcement of the independent foundation base plate has an enlargement angle, take a look.

Depending on the location, the placement of the horizontal ribs is also different. Generally, the vertical reinforcement of the basement retaining wall is on the outside, and the horizontal reinforcement is on the inside; Above the ground, the reverse is true, with the horizontal bars on the outside and the vertical bars on the inside. One of the most fundamental principles is based on different stress situations, that is, the stress ribs are placed on the outside.

The basement shear wall is mainly bent by the side resistance of the soil, while the ground is mainly subjected to ** shear force, so the force is different, and the placement position is different.

In fact, the problem of placing the inner and outer sides of the steel bar is still a mechanical problem, mainly depending on which factor is the controlling factor. For the shear wall of the aboveground part, the vertical reinforcement is generally structural reinforcement, while the horizontal reinforcement is more beneficial to the structure under the condition of the same amount of reinforcement due to the reason of crack resistance. For the underground structure, put both the inside and the outside, if the basement is longer, the horizontal crack resistance may also play a controlling role, this time it depends on the horizontal crack resistance or the retaining soil which plays a controlling role, if the retaining wall is calculated according to the pure bend and water and soil, you can consider the horizontal rib of the basement also put the outside.

The practice of vertical reinforcement when there is no slab in the underground wall, the shear stool ridge of the concrete specification is changed to the wall), it is called the vertical distribution of reinforcement, as a retaining wall, it is a bending stress reinforcement. Only for retaining walls, of course, the vertical reinforcement should be arranged on the outside (pasting a protective layer), and the force arm that resists the bending distance of the buried arm in the overhanging field is larger, so as to obtain a better ability to resist the pressure on the soil side. In the practice of engineering, the outdoor backfill is poured in the beam plate of the basement roof, and the basement is carried out after the completion of the test leaching leakage, that is to say, before the lateral pressure load of the external wall panel, the wall has changed from the cantilever member to the component with a fulcrum at the top of the wall, and the lower end of the wall component is embedded with the upper end hinge at this time, and the maximum bending moment of its section has been much smaller than the cantilever bending moment under the pressure load of the fill side.

The vertical reinforcement should be arranged on the outside, it is indeed very inconvenient for construction, the vertical reinforcement is moved to the inner edge to facilitate the construction, and does not affect the retaining side pressure, I hope to help you, thank you.