Make a leaf vein bookmark, how to make a leaf vein bookmark

Quite a few plants. The leaves and veins are composed of tough cellulose, which is not easy to boil in lye, and the mesophyll around the leaf veins is easy to boil in lye. Production].

1) Add 100ml of water to a large beaker, then add about sodium hydroxide and anhydrous sodium carbonate, and put it on an asbestos net to heat until boiling. Take a few tough leaves and put them in the above corrosive solution and boil them continuously for 6 10 minutes, at this time gently turning with a glass rod or tweezers.

2) When the mesophyll is boiled, remove the leaves with tweezers and rinse them in clean water. When the residual lye on the leaves is rinsed clean, take it out, spread the leaves on a wooden board (or spread on the palm of your hand), gently brush off the rotten mesophyll on both sides of the leaves with a small test tube brush or an old toothbrush with soft hair, and rinse with a small flow of tap water while brushing until only the leaf veins remain.

3) Brush the leaf veins, rinse and dry on the glass sheet. When it is half-dry and semi-wet, apply all the dyes you need, then clamp it between the pages and wait for it to dry and flatten naturally. After drying, tie a colored silk ribbon on the petiole to make a bookmark with clear leaf veins, bright color quality, beautiful and practical.

1. Select the blades. Choose leaves with thick and dense veins. Generally evergreen woody plants are preferred. Such as osmanthus leaves, heather leaves, papaya leaves, eucalyptus leaves, tea tree leaves, etc. Leaf selection is made in late summer or autumn when the leaves are fully ripe and begin to age.

2. Boil the leaves with lye. The configuration of lye: calculated according to 1 liter of water, 70 grams of sodium carbonate (soda), 50 grams of sodium hydroxide (sold in the above two pharmaceutical and chemical stores), lime water can also be used instead of lye, put the prepared lye solution into the appropriate amount of washed leaves after boiling in an enamel cup or sand pot, boil, and gently pluck the leaves with chopsticks to prevent the leaves from being stacked and heated evenly.

Boil for about 5 minutes, and when the leaves turn black, take a leaf and put it in a plastic basin with clean water. Check the corrosion and easy peeling of the mesophyll, if it is easy to separate, you can take out all the leaves, put them in a plastic basin filled with clean water, and then separate the mesophyll from the leaf veins one by one.

3. Remove the mesophyll. Place the boiled leaves on the palm of your hand or on a glass plate, use the smooth handle of an old toothbrush and gently rub on the surface of the leaf to wipe off the corroded mesophyll, then rinse under the faucet and continue to rub until the mesophyll is completely removed.

4. Bleaching leaf veins. Put the brushed leaf veins in the bleach powder solution and take them out, rinse them with water and sandwich them in old books and newspapers, absorb the water and take them out, which can be used as leaf vein bookmarks.

5. Dyeing, drawing, writing. Dye it in your favorite color with red or blue ink or other dyes, or you can draw or write on it, and finally tie silk thread.

Description] The leaves should be made of poplar trees, osmanthus trees and other leaves with flexible texture. When washing, you must be extremely careful and careful, and do not rush to achieve results, otherwise the leaf veins are easy to brush and break.

Leaf vein specimens can be used as teaching aids, because the specimens are beautiful, and are often used as bookmarks, so leaf vein specimens are also called leaf vein bookmarks. The specific production method is as follows:

1) Cooking method.

Choose leaves with thick, fine veins and thick mesophyll for later use. Use a beaker to hold 200ml of water, put 5g of sodium carbonate and 7g of sodium hydroxide in the water, and heat it on the fire. After boiling, put the leaves into the cup and boil for about 10min.

In this process, the blades are gently swung with tweezers so that the blades are evenly corroded. After boiling, the leaves are clamped out, put in a glass jar filled with water, brush off the part of the leaf veins other than the leaf veins with a soft-bristled toothbrush (preferably a bristle toothbrush), expose the leaf veins, and then release the bleaching liquid to bleaching (that is, 8g of bleaching powder is dissolved in 40ml of water, and then 6g of potassium carbonate is dissolved in 30ml of boiling water, then the two liquids are mixed and shaken, and 100ml of water is added after cooling, and it becomes bleach after filtration). After bleaching, the vein specimen can be dyed in a variety of colors as needed.

2) Decay method.

Soak the above-mentioned leaves suitable for making leaf vein specimens in water, taking care to place the soaking device in a warm place, so that bacteria can be used to rot the part of the leaf other than the leaf vein. The next steps are the same as the cooking method. When the water rots, it should be noted that the water should be changed when the immersion is smelly.

This method takes a long time to make, but it is simple and easy to implement.

The mesophyll decays when it encounters a corrosive liquid. After heating, it will rot faster. The veins are relatively tough and not easily corroded. Therefore, some leaves with hard leaves and tough veins can be made into leaf vein bookmarks.

Tools & Materials: Beakers, tripods, asbestos nets, alcohol lamps, matches, balances, old toothbrushes, tweezers. Watercolor pigments, colored silk threads, sodium hydroxide, 3 g hydrogen peroxide, osmanthus leaves. �

Activity process: 1. Pour about 100 ml of water into the beaker, add 4 grams of sodium hydroxide to the water, put the beaker on the asbestos net, heat it with an alcohol lamp, and boil the solution. �

2. Submerge the leaves in the solution, continue to heat for about 15 minutes, and gently stir with tweezers to separate the mesophyll and corrode evenly. �

3. When the leaves change color and the mesophyll is crispy, take out the leaves with tweezers and put them in a glass filled with water. �

4. Take out the leaves from the water, put them on the glass, and gently brush the front and back of the leaves with an old toothbrush in running water, brushing off the soft parts of the leaves, revealing the white veins. Immerse the leaf veins in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours to turn them pure white, then remove the leaves, wash them with clean water, and drain off the droplets. �

5. Put the leaf veins in old books or newspapers to dry. �

6. Take out the flattened leaf vein piece, wait for the leaf veins to dry thoroughly, apply watercolor paint on both sides of the leaf veins with a brush, and then flatten it after a little drying. �

7. Take out the leaf vein piece coated with pigment, tie a colored silk thread on its petiole, and you will get a delicate and beautiful leaf vein bookmark. �

Description & Extension:

1. In addition to osmanthus leaves, coral leaves can also be used to make leaf vein bookmarks. �

2. When heating, the beaker must rest on the asbestos net, if heated directly, the beaker will be broken due to uneven heating. �

3. The used liquid medicine can be kept in an empty container for next use, and the general liquid medicine can be recycled 4 5 times.

4. If there are too many processed leaves, you can replace a large beaker, and the water and sodium hydroxide should be increased in the ratio of 100 4. (Instructor: Gu Zilong).

Can be replaced with laundry detergent, I've tried!

Ingredients: osmanthus leaves, edible alkali, toothbrush, ink.

The method is as follows: 1. Select a few clean osmanthus leaves. The osmanthus tree is tall, with broad and flat leaves, which is the best material for making leaf vein bookmarks.

2. Put the leaves of the osmanthus tree into the pot, and then put in the edible alkali.

3. Add water and cover the pot to boil, first bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer until the same color as traditional Chinese medicine.

4. Take out the leaves and start brushing them with a brush, after exposing the leaf veins, be careful and gentle, and try to retain the mesophyll on the petioles.

5. After brushing, put the leaves in absorbent paper, and then clip them into a thick book and press them dry.

6. Finally, use a colored liquid, such as red ink. The leaf vein bookmark is made.

1.Pick the leaves back.

2.Put the leaves and base cubes together and cook for a while.

3.After the leaves are cooked, take them out and gently scrape off the green color on the surface with a fine-bristled toothbrush4So that's all that's left is a transparent leaf.

5.Finally, it is good to dry it in a ventilated place (not too much sunlight), and first briefly introduce the structure of the blade

The outer surface of the leaf is surrounded by a layer of epidermal cells, which has the effect of protecting the leaf. Inside the epidermis are mesophyll tissues containing chlorophyll particles that can be photosynthesized. Running between the mesophyll tissues are the veins composed of conductive tissues and mechanical tissues.

The leaf vein bookmark is to remove the epidermis and mesophyll tissue, and only make the leaf veins. On the bookmark, you can see that the middle of a thicker leaf vein is called the main vein, and there are many smaller branches on the main vein called the lateral vein; The lateral veins are divided into smaller branches called fine veins. In this way, the whole leaf vein system is connected into a network structure.

Dye this reticulated vein in various colors, tie a ribbon, and it becomes a beautiful vein bookmark.

Now let's introduce the whole process of making leaf vein bookmarks: usually leathery leaves, such as the leaves of osmanthus trees and beech plants, can be used. The leaves are of the appropriate size, not mutilated, and the leaves are better to be older and not too tender.

After the leaves are harvested, put them in a beaker (as shown in Figure 1), add 10 15 sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (until the leaves are submerged), heat and boil for 10 15 minutes (as shown in Figure 2), take them out, lay them flat on a plastic gauze, and rinse them with tap water (as shown in Figure 3). The epidermis and mesophyll tissue of the leaves are dispersed after the above treatment, and they are washed away by tap water, leaving behind the reticulate leaf veins. After the leaf veins are rinsed, they are scooped up and placed flat on absorbent paper, dried and flattened, and then placed in a dye vat for dyeing.

After taking it out, a colored ribbon is tied to the base of the thick leaf vein, and the leaf vein bookmark is made.

Use chemical methods to make a leaf vein bookmark.

How to make a leaf vein bookmark, here's how:

The leaf vein bookmark is a beautiful handicraft, but many tutorials on how to make it mention a chemical corrosive product, sodium hydroxide, which is dangerous and difficult to handle. Teach you how to use laundry detergent to make beautiful leaf vein bookmarks at home.

1. Select leaves with hard leaves, low water content and obvious veins, such as heather, privet, etc. Do not use forked veins (e.g., ginkgo). It is necessary to select the old leaves, and the new leaves are tender and difficult to make.

When picking, it should be done in the depths of the paper. But don't pick up old dry leaves.

Choose leaves that are free of insect eyes and diseased spots. Choose leaves with a smooth and smooth leaf surface. You can pick the old leaves that are naturally red.

2. Rinse with water until there is no debris on the surface, and use a stiff brush to pretreat the leaves. With the back of the leaf facing up, place a brush on it and press firmly several times until dark green ecchymoses appear on the leaf surface, thereby destroying the epidermal cells of the leaf. Be careful not to break the blades.

3. Prepare the pot, pour in about two tablespoons of laundry detergent, and add water until just dissolved. Add the leaves and boil without a lid for about 30 minutes, until the leaves turn dark yellow or brownish-green, stop the fire, and the water temperature is reduced to below 30 degrees Celsius. Remove the leaves and rinse off the surface of the laundry detergent until it no longer feels slippery.

4. Press the petiole with one hand and use a stiff brush with the other hand to smash the leaf vertically, you need to use a little force, but be careful not to move the leaf to break it. The veins of the leaves are observed to appear, and the mesophyll stops knocking on the leaves after most of them have fallen, and the leaves are translucent. Rinse with water and gently remove any remaining mesophyll with your hands or a soft-bristled brush.

Be careful not to damage the leaves.

5. On a platform with a small amount of water, spread the leaves flat, and use a soft brush to brush off the fine mesophyll. Some leaves will have the veins separated, just carefully peel off the softer veins. Rinse again and lay flat on a plate and blot dry with toilet paper or handkerchief.

6. (Optional) Use basic dyes for dyeing. Of course, it is also possible to choose dark red leaves in advance, and the bookmark that comes out of this way will also have a hint of red. After drying to semi-dry, spread it on cardboard or waste books, absorb excess water with toilet paper, and place it in a windy place to dry naturally.

After drying, gently peel off, expose to the sun for dehydration, and a beautiful leaf vein bookmark is complete!

The method of making leaf bookmarks is shown in the following figure:

1. Prepare a few freshly picked leaves.

2. Prepare a packet of edible soda.

3. Put the leaves in the boiler.

4. Sprinkle edible alkali on the surface of the leaves.

5. Add water over the leaves and cover the pot, bring to a boil over high heat, and then simmer.

6. When the color of the water in the pot becomes darker, open the lid.

7. Take out the leaves and brush them repeatedly with a soft brush, with light strength.

8. After brushing out the veins of the leaves, it can be dried.

9. After drying, the leaf bookmark is completed.