History, information, science, places of interest about the bridge

For example, Lugou Bridge thought of the ...... incident

China's bridges have roughly gone through four stages of development.

Phase 1. Mainly in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, including the previous historical era, this is the founding period of ancient bridges.

At this time, in addition to the original single-plank bridge and Tingbu bridge, the bridge mainly has two forms: beam bridge and pontoon bridge.

Phase II. Mainly in the Qin and Han dynasties, including the Warring States and the Three Kingdoms, it was the period of creation and development of ancient bridges.

At this time, not only bricks of artificial building materials were invented, but also arch structures with the theme of masonry structural systems were created, which created the prerequisites for the appearance of arch bridges later.

The great development of stone beam and stone arch bridge not only reduces the maintenance cost and prolongs the service time of the bridge, but also improves the scientific level of structural theory and construction technology.

Therefore, the use of building stone and the emergence of arch technology in the Qin and Han dynasties was actually a major revolution in the history of bridge construction.

Therefore, judging from some documents and archaeological data, about the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the four basic bridge types of beam bridges, pontoon bridges, rope bridges and arch bridges have all been formed.

Phase 3. Mainly in the Tang and Song dynasties, supplemented by the two Jin dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Sui and Five Dynasties, this was the heyday of the development of ancient bridges.

At this time, many world-renowned bridges were created, such as the open-shouldered stone arch bridge pioneered by Li Chun, a stonemason of the Sui Dynasty-Zhaozhou Bridge, the stacked beam wooden arch bridge invented by the Northern Song Dynasty abandoned-Hongqiao, the Quanzhou Wan'an Bridge created by the Northern Song Dynasty with a raft-shaped foundation and planted oyster piers, and the Xiangzi Bridge in Chaozhou, Guangdong, which combined the stone beam bridge and the opening and closing pontoon bridge in the Southern Song Dynasty.

These bridges are well-known in the history of bridges in the world.

Stage 4. For the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, this was the saturation period of bridge development, and there were almost no major creations and technological breakthroughs.

At this time, the main achievement was the repair and renovation of some ancient bridges, and left a lot of construction instructions for the construction of bridges, providing a large number of written materials for future generations.

In addition, some arduous projects such as the Wannian Bridge in the southwest city of Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty and the Panjiang Bridge in Guizhou have also been built.

At the same time, many rope bridges have been built in the Sichuan-Yunnan region, and the rope bridge construction technology has also been improved.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1881, with the opening of China's first railway, another technological revolution in the history of China's bridges was ushered in.

The historic bridges are:

1. Zhaozhou Bridge: Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anji Bridge, is a famous stone arch bridge in China's antiquities nuclear dynasty, located in the south of Zhao County, Hebei Province, on the school river, created by Li Chun during the great cause of the emperor of the Sui Dynasty.

2. Lugou Bridge: Lugou Bridge, known as Lugou Bridge, is located at the intersection of the highway from Beijing to Zhoukoudian and the Yongding River, and was built in the 29th year of Dading in the Jin Dynasty.

3. Luoyang Bridge: Luoyang Bridge, known as Wan'an Bridge, is located in Luoyang Wan'an Ferry, about 10 kilometers east of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and is a famous beam-style ancient stone bridge, which was built in the Northern Song Dynasty in the fifth year of Huangxiao Jingju.

4. Xiangzi Bridge: Xiangzi Bridge, also known as Guangji Bridge, is located in the east of Chaozhou City, across the Hanjiang River, with a total length of more than 500 meters, Xiangzi Bridge was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and took 57 years to complete.

5. Baqiao: It is an influential ancient bridge in the east of Xi'an City. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong dominated Xirong, changed Zishui to Bashui and built bridges, so it was called Baqiao.

In China's 9.6 million square kilometers of land, there are the world's famous rivers such as the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Pearl River.

From the trickle to the mighty dip, meandering, rushing into the sea.

The country's rivers are as dense as spider webs, and they are covered with bridges of all sizes.

Ancient bridges in our country, like other things, have a process of development.

Banpo Village, the Neolithic village ruins excavated in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province five or six thousand years ago, have a moat with a width and depth of about five or six meters around the village.

There are many records of "Liang" in ancient Chinese letters and poems.

These beams may be made of timber or have a few overhead parts, such as embankment beams.

The earliest record of the bridge is the "giant bridge" across Zhangshui near the capital of the Yin Dynasty (now Anyang, Henan) (according to the "General Dictionary" in the northeast of present-day Quzhou, Hebei).

In 1066 B.C., King Wu of Zhou conquered Chaoge (now Qi County, Henan), and ordered the southern public to include "Fajuqiao Zhisu" ("Historical Records, Zhou Benji", see also "Lü's Spring and Autumn Shen Dalan", "Huainanzi: Main Technique") to relieve the poor.

"Zhangshui Notes" Zhangshui Article: "There used to be a girder crossing the water in the west of the pavilion of the giant bridge, so it is called the 'giant bridge'. "The construction of the bridge should have predated this era.

Prior to this, around 1134 BC, Zhou Bo Jichang (later King Wen of Zhou) "personally greeted Yu Wei and built a boat for the beam" ("Book of Songs, Daya, Daming").

This means that a temporary pontoon bridge was built by a boat at that time.

According to the Huayang National Chronicles, Li Bing of the Qin Dynasty built seven bridges in Yizhou, Sichuan (present-day Chengdu), one of which was called "Di Bridge", according to the Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Li Jifu (758-814) explained in the Yuan He Zhi: All place names called "Zhen" in the southwest region indicate that there are rattan rope bridges or bamboo rope bridges.

The legend of the chain bridge originated from the early Western Han Dynasty (about 200 B.C.), according to the record on the stele of the bridge in the eighth year of Jiajing (1529 A.D.) of Fanjiang Bridge in Baocheng, Shaanxi (now revoked and merged into Mian County and Hanzhong City), it is the Western Han Dynasty general Fan Hao (?) —189 BC) In the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC), this chain bridge was built over the cold stream of the Madaoyi in Baocheng.

According to historical records, China has a brick and stone arch bridge as early as the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a stone dou bridge in Duye of Wei (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei), and there is a stone arch bridge in Luoyang in the Jin Dynasty.

From the above brief introduction, it can be seen that China already had various bridge types in ancient times.

The basic types of bridges are nothing more than beams, arches, cables, and floats.

The ancient Chinese bridge builders made full scientific use of the only bamboo, rattan, wood, stone and artificially smelted cast iron or wrought iron, etc., gave full play to the characteristics of materials, and evolved colorful and beautiful bridges according to rich experience of success and failure.

Some of the structural forms of ancient bridges in China have been used as reference for modern bridges, and continue to bring forth the new, effectively influencing the construction of bridges at home and abroad.

Zhaozhou Bridge is located on the Hu River in Zhao County, Hebei Province. Built in the Sui Dynasty (AD 581 618), Da 62616964757a686964616fe58685e5aeb93133333264326444

During the industry period (605 618 AD), designed and built by the famous craftsman Li Chun, it has a history of about 1400 years, and is the earliest and most well-preserved ancient open-shouldered stone arch bridge in the world today. In 1961, it was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Because Zhaozhou Bridge is a key cultural relic, it is easy to cause damage when it is opened to traffic, so vehicles are not allowed to pass.

The legend of the immortal traces on the Zhaozhou Bridge mainly refers to the donkey hoof prints left by the legend that Zhang Guolao rode a donkey on the bridge; The lane ditch mark rolled by the cart of Chai Wangye over the bridge and the knee mark of the kneeling knee; In order to save himself, Lu Ban jumped into the river with a stone bridge made of sheep (legend has it that Lu Ban knew how to point stones) and used his hand to hold the palm print of the stone bridge, but in the end, the master who taught him stone tricks threw a piece of jade pendant into the water to save him. Legend has it that once upon a time in the place five miles south of Zhao County, Hebei Province, there was a big river called the Hu River. The Huhe River originates from the Jingcheng Mountain in the western part of Hebei.

In ancient times, its water potential was very large, every summer and autumn, heavy rain came, rain and mountain springs went down the river together, and several rivers along the way, forming a raging torrent. Therefore, the residents on both sides of the river and the pedestrians who come and go feel very inconvenient. This difficulty of the people of Zhao County was known to the famous craftsman ancestor Lu Ban.

He came from afar, showed excellent technology, and built this Zhaozhou big stone bridge overnight. The news of the completion of the Zhaozhou Bridge quickly spread all over the Quartet. Residents from near and far rushed to visit with surprise.

This miracle even alarmed Zhang Guolao, one of the "Eight Immortals". In the blanket on the donkey's back, the "sun" was installed on one side and the "moon" on the other, and they had to walk across the bridge. That's not all, Zhang Guo wanted to make a joke with Lu Ban, he made an appointment with Chai Rong again, pushed the wheelbarrow carrying the "Wuyue Famous Mountain", came to the bridge together, and asked if the bridge could let the two of them walk at the same time.

At this time, Lu Ban had just repaired the bridge and was very proud, so he said disapprovingly: "Such a strong stone bridge, can't it withstand the two of you?" Unexpectedly, when they got on the bridge, they crushed the bridge.

Seeing that the situation was not good, Lu Ban hurriedly jumped off the bridge and supported the east side of the bridge with his hands, so that the two immortals passed smoothly with the sun and moon and the famous mountains of Wuyue. Since then, there have been several "fairy traces" on the bridge that people talk about; Zhang Guolao's donkey hoof prints and the round pit formed by the hat being pressed upside down; Chai Rong pushed the cart too hard, and one knee landed on the ground and pressed the knee mark and lane ditch; There are also handprints of the Lubanto Bridge. Later, except for the handprints that were lost because the east side once collapsed, the rest of the "fairy traces" remained.

It is this vivid legend that is sung in "Little Herding Cow".

Hope it helps.

I relied on elementary school, you didn't learn Lugou Bridge?