About monetary policy and coinage rights in antiquity

In Europe, the medieval blacksmith furnace could reach copper ore, and the melting point of iron ore was very limited at 1000-3000°. It's not just a small shop along the street that can open a craftsman's shop. Generally, the king lord who has the right to mint coins only needs to control the coinage grinding tools and a very small number of high-level craftsmen.

The legal inflow of external currency is all converted into the exchange rate, and finally returned to the furnace, and the illegal lord confiscates it, and finally returns to the furnace.

With the development of handicrafts and commerce, the exchange of products is becoming more and more frequent. The ruler stabilizes society, develops the economy, and maintains the need to rule. The growing development of business **, the commercialization of products.

Money is the intermediary of commodity exchange and the tool of the ruler to maintain his rule, so the currency is issued by **.

Evolution:

1) Before the Xia Dynasty, people used natural shells as currency.

2) During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, people used artificial shell coins.

3) During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, coins of various forms with bronze as the main material appeared.

4) After Qin Shi Huang unified the whole country, he unified the implementation of the round square hole coin, and the "round square hole" laid the basic shape of the Chinese copper coin for more than 2,000 years.

5) Five baht coins were minted during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

6) In the early Tang Dynasty, Kaiyuan Tongbao was issued.

7) A large number of copper coins were issued in the Song Dynasty, and the world's earliest paper money - Jiaozi also appeared in Sichuan.

8) The Yuan Dynasty implemented paper money as the main currency, which was the first regime in the world to implement the circulation of paper money.

9) At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, paper money was abolished, and a parallel currency circulation system was formed with silver as the main and money as the supplement.

1.Shang and Zhou shellfish textbook p7

2.The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States countries minted their own currency.

3.Qin Great Unification Qin Shi Huang Unified Currency Qin Half Two Money Significance: Conducive to Strengthening Centralization of Power Promoting Economic Exchanges and Development Conducive to the Development of the Commodity Economy Textbook p24

3.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Background: The country is strong The merchants are inflated Currency: Five baht money Meaning: Same as above Textbook p28

4.Tang Gaozu Wude four years 621 A.D. Currency: Kaiyuan Tongbao Later currencies have taken it as a paradigm.

The ratio of the square hole to the money is more harmonious The lettering is no longer the weight (like the five-baht coin, the five baht is the weight of the coin) The lettering is no longer the seal script but the official script (written by Ouyang Xun) Textbook p72

5.Copper, iron, gold, and silver currencies of the Northern Song Dynasty were parallel, and the earliest paper money appeared in Sichuan - Jiaozi textbook P104

6.Ming ** became the main currency in circulation.

1.Shang and Zhou used shell coins.

2.The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States countries minted their own currency.

3.Qin Great Unification Qin Shi Huang Unified Currency Qin Half Two Coins Significance: It is conducive to strengthening the centralization of power, promoting economic exchanges and development, and is conducive to the development of the commodity economy.

3.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Background: The country is strong and the merchants are inflated Currency:

Five baht money 4Tang Gaozu Wude four years 621 A.D. Currency: Kaiyuan Tongbao Later currencies have taken it as a paradigm.

The ratio of the square hole to the money is more coordinated, the lettering is no longer the weight (like the five-baht coin, the five baht is the weight of the coin), and the lettering is no longer a seal script but a official book (written by Ouyang Xun).

5.Copper, iron, gold, and silver currencies of the Northern Song Dynasty were parallel, and the earliest paper money appeared in Sichuan - Jiaozi.

6.Ming ** became the main currency in circulation.

Before the Qin Dynasty, the currency was chaotic, and Qin Shi Huang's unification of the currency was a measure of national unification, which was conducive to the economic development of various regions, and exchanges, and accelerated the rapid development of the economy! It was conducive to enriching the country and strengthening the army, and had a far-reaching impact on the future!

It is conducive to social and economic development.

After Qin Shi Huang unified China, he stipulated that the whole country should use a unified currency and implement the money standard, that is, ** and copper coins in parallel. The Han Dynasty was established, inheriting the money standard of the Qin Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, it became a two-level system of silk and money, in the words of the Tang people, that is, "money and silk are both".

The Song Dynasty was mainly based on the copper standard, and copper coins were the main currency. In 1131, Wu Jue issued the silver huizi in Hechi, the earliest silver standard in China.

Although the Ming Dynasty forbade ** as a currency, ** was still used in private trading activities. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the development of the commodity economy, the circulation of ** was more extensive, and in 1581, a whip law was implemented, indicating that the status of ** was officially recognized. It lasted until the Qing Dynasty.

The Han Dynasty used to be the gold standard, and from the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, it has always been the silver standard.

In fact, in essence, ancient China was the grain standard!! Most of the auxiliary currencies are copper coins, and after the end of the Ming Dynasty, it is **. But the grain standard has not been shaken until after the change!