Song Dynasty Youli Confucian Scholars What is the impact of attaching importance to culture and educ

A lot of beautiful words!

During the Ming and Qing dynastiesLi Zhen, Huang Zongxi,Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi and others developed critical Confucianism.

Mainly to judge the false Taoism of the Han and Song dynasties, but Hunger Fanmin still belongs to Confucianism, because most of their ideas are based on pre-Qin Confucianism, which makes Confucianism revitalized again, but it is a pity that it has not formed a system, nor has it been able to continue to develop, and the scope of influence is very small From the late Ming Dynasty, Confucianism has begun to aim to surpass the "Yangming Studies."

He hoped to return to the original Confucianism through this turn and seek a new development of Confucianism.

However, in terms of expression, the Confucian turn of the late Ming Dynasty gradually went out of two paths, one of which pointed to the Song and Ming dynasties.

The contradiction of Confucianism, another way points to the transcendence of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. The latter path diverges into two directions: one is to return to the position of Zhu Zixue in order to be different from the emptiness of Yangmingxue; The other is not to betray Yangmingxue's position and correct the shortcomings of Wang Xue.

The former is a regression, and it is deserved to fail to make ideological contributions that benefit future generations; The latter promoted the development of Confucianism by revising Yangmingxue, so his academic contributions have written a chapter in the history of Chinese academic thought.

Ming etiquette is used to transform it, and the law is correct.

To govern it, to enforce the law to prohibit it, so that the world is governed by law, and it is in harmony with goodness. It was Xunzi who put it forward, which means that he knows the etiquette to influence them, the law is just to govern them, and the punishment is used to prohibit their illegal behavior.

Xunzi (c. 313 BC - 238 BC), name, character Qing (one said that people respected each other and called Qing), Zhao State at the end of the Warring States Period.

People, in the two Han Dynasty, because of the avoidance of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.

He was known as "Sun Qing", a famous thinker, philosopher, and educator, a representative of the Confucian Liangshi Early School, and a master of a hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin era.

Xunzi served as the state of Qi three times.

The sacrificial wine of the Jixia School Palace served as the order of Chulan Mausoleum twice. In his later years, he lived in Lanling County, wrote a book and said, accepted apprentices and taught his profession, and died in Si, known as the "Later Sage". Xunzi critically accepted and creatively returned to Tan, developed Confucian orthodox ideas and theories, and advocated "the simultaneous application of rituals and laws"; put forward the idea that "the person who makes the destiny of heaven and uses it will conquer the sky"; against superstition of ghosts and gods; put forward the theory of sexual evil, pay attention to the influence of customs and education on people, and emphasize the application of learning; His ideas are reflected in Xunzi

in the book. Xunzi also sorted out and inherited the "Book of Songs".

Confucian classics such as Shangshu, Li, Le, Yi, and Spring and Autumn have made great contributions to the dissemination and preservation of Confucian thought and culture.

Xunzi summarized the theoretical achievements of a hundred schools of thought and his own academic thoughts, and founded a complete philosophical system of naïve materialism in the pre-Qin period, and his ideas imperceptibly influenced the development of feudal society for more than 2,000 years.

Xunzi criticized all schools, but only admired Confucius.

The idea of thinking is the best idea of governance. Xunzi regarded himself as the heir of Confucius, and especially inherited Confucius's "Waiwang Learning". He also critically summarized and absorbed the theoretical propositions of the hundred schools of thought from the standpoint of epistemology, and formed a distinctive view of nature that is "clear from heaven and man", a moral view of "dissolving nature and creating falsehood", and a social and historical view of "the rule of etiquette", and on this basis, he summarized the pre-Qin philosophy.

Xunzi made great contributions to the teaching of Confucian classics. Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, not only "etiquette" comes from Xunxue, but also "poetry and classics" and even "Spring and Autumn Studies" are related to Xunxue. Qing Ru Wang Zhong's "Xun Qing.

Zi General Theory believes that "Xunqing's learning, from Confucius, and still thanks to the scriptures", and made a detailed study of Xunzi's "transmission of scriptures", which is basically agreed by scholars of the study of scripture history. The contemporary Confucian Xu Fuguan also spoke highly of Xunzi's position in the history of scriptures.

Xunzi. He put forward such a proposition, and at the same time attached great importance to education, and when educating students, he would also make quick and clever choices based on the actual situation of students, which had a great impact on the education of future generations.

Xunzi, this shows the importance of learning, it can be said that people's lives are in the midst of continuous learning, learning is an instinct, to live to learn from the old.

Xunzi, who was a famous thinker and philosopher during the Warring States Period, advocated the simultaneous application of rituals and laws, and made great contributions to the spread of Confucianism.

In the Song Dynasty, the trend of "three religions in one" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism permeated all areas of social life. In order to revive Confucianism, Confucian scholars in the Tang and Song dynasties absorbed and integrated Buddhist and Taoist thoughts, enriching and updating the Confucian system. During the Song Dynasty, Confucianism established a conceptual system with "reason" or "heavenly principle" as the core, so it was called "science".

The representative figures are Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi (Ercheng), and Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty, and their Neo-Confucianism is collectively known as "Cheng Zhu Lixue".

1. Reason is the origin of the world and the universal principle that all things in the world must follow. It is embodied in the society is Confucian morality and ethics, and it is embodied in human nature.

2. Grasp "reason" (not the exploration of objective laws and truths) through the knowledge of things

3. Preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires.

Cheng Zhu Lixue adapted to the needs of the rule, and the Yuan Dynasty once used Zhu Xi's "Annotations on the Collection of Four Books and Chapters and Sentences" as the content of the imperial examination, which established the dominant position of Lixue in the ideological circle in the early Ming Dynasty and became a stepping stone for people to seek fame in the imperial examination.

Lu Wang Xinxue. 1. Lu Jiuyuan of the Southern Song Dynasty proposed that "the heart is reason", and the heart is the source of all things in heaven and earth, so his thought is called "heart science". He proposed the method of "inventing the original mind" to seek reason (which is different from the knowledge of things).

It promoted the prosperity of Song Ci.

Song Ci is a new style of poetry, a Han literary genre prevalent in the Song Dynasty, marking the highest achievement of Song Dynasty literature. Song words and sentences are long and short, which is easy to sing. Because it is the lyrics of the ensemble, it is also called the lyrics of the song, the music house, the movement, the long and short sentences, the poems, the piano and so on.

It began in the Han Dynasty, was stereotyped in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Song Ci is the glorious pearl in the crown of ancient Chinese Han literature, and in the Lang Yuan of ancient Han literature, she is a fragrant and gorgeous garden. With her charm of purple and red, she competes with Tang poetry and Yuan Qu, and has always been known as a double masterpiece with Tang poetry, both representing the prosperity of a generation of literature.

Later, there was a book of the same name, "Song Ci".

The representative figures of Song Ci mainly include Su Shi (bold faction), Xin Qiji, Liu Yong (graceful faction), and Li Qingzhao.

Take Song Ci as an example, it is reflected in the existence

1) Urbanization of Song Ci.

Qing Zhouji's "Jiecunzhai Treatise on Words and Miscellaneous Works" in the Northern Song Dynasty had meaningless words to respond to songs, and the Southern Song Dynasty had meaningless words to respond to the society.

Characteristics of Song Ci: Secularization, the emergence of folk culture represented by the aesthetic taste and value orientation of the citizen class, which was rejected by the traditional scholar class; The vulgarity of Song Ci is the vulgarity of the world, and this secularity is the essence of the word as an emerging literary style.

2) The feminization of Song Ci.

The four major female lyricists of the Song Dynasty: Li Qingzhao, Zhu Shuzhen, Wu Shuji, and Zhang Yuniang were male voices.

Qing Tian Tongzhi's "Xipu Cishuo".

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