How are rocks formed?

How are the rocks of the earth formed in all their different shapes and colors? Scientists have been exploring this mystery since ancient times, and there has been a fierce debate in the scientific community. Scientists with different views are at odds with each other, and some have called the debate a battle of fire and water.

Rock is a mixture of solid minerals or minerals, which is composed of one or more minerals and has a certain structural structure. It can be divided into igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks.

1. Igneous rocks.

Igneous rocks are also called magmatic rocks. The temperature and pressure in the Earth's interior are high, and all the constituent substances are in a molten state of fluid, called magma. Igneous rocks are formed by magma invading the earth's crust or flowing out of the earth's surface to cause lava, which is formed by cooling and solidification, such as basalt, granite, etc.

2. Sedimentary rocks.

Sedimentary rocks occupy 66% of the surface and are the main types of rocks on the surface. It is a rock formed by weathering and turning into detritals, or by the remains of living organisms and then through erosion, sedimentation, and petrification. These rocks are layered.

3. Metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are the original igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks that occur under the influence of high temperature, high pressure and hydrothermal fluids through crustal movement or magmatic intrusion, which can change the structure or organization of the original rocks, so that some minerals disappear and other new minerals are produced. As a result, another type of rock that is different from the original rock is formed, called metamorphic rock.

In summary, different types of rocks have different formation processes, which can be roughly divided into three categories: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Rock is a mixture of solid minerals or minerals, which is composed of one or more minerals and has a certain structural structure.

It can be divided into igneous rocks.

Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

Igneous rocks are also called magmatic rocks. Molten material from the Earth's interior, condensed and consolidated into rock under different geological conditions. When lava erupts from a volcanic channel and solidifies on the surface, it is called ejecta rock or volcanic rock. Common volcanic rocks are basalt.

andesite and rhyolite, etc. When the lava rises before reaching the surface and condenses at a certain depth in the earth's crust, the rocks are called intrusive rocks, which are divided into plutonic rocks and shallow rocks according to different intrusion sites. Granite, gabbro, diorite are typical plutonic rocks.

Granite porphyry, gabbro porphyry, and diorite porphyry are common epigenetic rocks

Sedimentary rocks: layered rocks formed by the transportation, sedimentation and diagenesis of weathered materials, volcanic detritus, organic matter and a small amount of cosmic materials under normal temperature and pressure conditions on the surface. According to the genesis, it can be divided into clastic rocks, claystone rocks and chemical rocks (including biochemical rocks).

Common sedimentary rocks are sandstone, tuff sandstone, conglomerate, claystone, shale, limestone, and dolomite.

Siliceous rocks, ferruginous rocks, phosphate rocks, etc.

Metamorphic rocks: Rocks formed by metamorphism of original rocks. According to the different types of metamorphism, metamorphic rocks can be divided into 5 categories:

Dynamic metamorphic rocks, contact metamorphic rocks, regional metamorphic rocks, mixed rocks, and metasomatic metamorphic rocks. Common metamorphic rocks include mylonite, clastic rock, hornstone, slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Marble, quartzite.

Amphibole, schist, dolerite, mixed rock, etc.

Mixed rocks, etc., contact metamorphic rocks: at the surface at room temperature, slate, according to the different intrusion parts, it is divided into plutonic and epigenic, gabbro porphyry and diorite porphyry are common epigenetic rocks.

Layered rocks formed by sedimentary and diagenetic processes, composed of weathered material, clay rocks,

schist, volcaniclastic, tuffy sandstone,

Siliceous rocks are solid minerals or mixtures of minerals, called ejecta rocks or volcanic rocks, fragmented rocks, and regional metamorphic rocks. Molten material from the Earth's interior, hornstones,

Dolomite and phyllite are aggregates composed of one or more minerals with a certain structure. Rocks, dolerite, amphibole, gabbro, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks formed when lava erupts from the surface of the earth from volcanic channels. Depending on the type of metamorphic action.

It can be divided into igneous rocks: dynamic metamorphic rocks. Common sedimentary rocks are sandstone.

Metamorphic rocks and ferruginous rocks can be divided into five categories: rocks and schists formed by metamorphism of the original rocks.

Igneous rocks are also called magmatic rocks and conglomerates.

Granite, andesite and rhyolite, etc., are rocks formed by condensation and consolidation under different geological conditions

Quartzite, claystone and chemical rocks (including biochemical rocks), organic matter and a small amount of cosmic material are transported, shale.

Sedimentary rock. According to the cause, it can be divided into:

Clastic rock, marble. Rocks formed when lava rises before reaching the surface but condenses at a certain depth in the earth's crust are called intrusive rocks. Granite porphyry

Gneiss. Common metamorphic rocks are:

Mylonite, phosphorous rock, etc., mixed rocks and metasomatic metamorphic rocks, under atmospheric pressure conditions

Limestone and diorite are typical plutonic rocks. Common volcanic rocks are basalt rocks.

Fragments or mineral particles of intact and hard rocks on the surface of the earth's crust are disintegrated by external forces such as weathering and denudation, and then transported by current, wind, gravity or glaciation, and under appropriate conditions, various types of soil are deposited. The formation and evolution process of soil is the nature and change process of soil. Rocks are weathered to form soil, which is transported and deposited, and then formed by diagenesis.

At the beginning of the formation of the earth, the gravitational pull of the earth's core sucked the dust in the universe, and the condensed dust became rocks. The rocks have been weathered and turned into rocks. Then it becomes a meteorite, which is a stony, iron, or a mixture of stone and iron that is free from outer space when it does not fall into the Earth's atmosphere; If it falls into the atmosphere, it falls to the ground without being burned up by the atmosphere, and it becomes the meteorite we usually see.

To put it simply, the so-called meteorite is the debris left behind by a miniature version of an asteroid that "hit the earth".

At the beginning of the formation of the earth, it became a mountain rock, and after weathering, it became a rock. Then it becomes a meteorite, when it does not fall into the earth's atmosphere, it is a stony, iron or rock-iron mixed material that is free from outer space, if it falls into the atmosphere, it is not burned by the atmosphere and falls to the ground and becomes the meteorite we usually see, simply put, the so-called meteorite is a miniature version of the debris left behind by the asteroid "hitting the earth". Hundreds of millions of years have passed, and there are countless rocks in the world.

It is moving in a quantitative direction.

Ancient rocks are found in crystalline substrates in the interior of the continents. The representative rocks are mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. These rocks have been transformed into shifts and cortexes rich in chlorite and hornblende due to intense metamorphism, commonly known as greenstone.

For example, granitic gneiss with an isotopic age of about 3.8 billion years was discovered in West Greenland in 1973. In 1979, Batun et al. determined the age of gneiss in the middle of the Bobolin Belt in South Africa to be about 3.9 billion rows of years.

At the beginning of the formation of the earth, it became a mountain rock, and after weathering, it became a rock. Then it becomes a meteorite, when it does not fall into the earth's atmosphere, it is a stony, iron or a mixture of stone and iron in outer space, and if it falls into the atmosphere, it falls to the ground without being burned by the atmosphere and becomes the meteorite we usually see.

To put it simply, the so-called meteorite is the debris left behind by a miniature version of an asteroid that "hit the earth". Hundreds of millions of years have passed, and there are countless rocks in the world. It is moving in a quantitative direction.

Ancient rocks are found in crystalline substrates in the interior of the continents. The representative rocks are mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. This or Zhengjisome rocks have been transformed into metamorphic rocks rich in chlorite and hornblende due to strong metamorphism, which we usually call greenstone.

At the beginning of the formation of the earth, it became a mountain rock, and after weathering, it became a rock. Then it becomes a meteorite, which is a stony, iron, or a mixture of stone and iron that is free from outer space when it does not fall into the Earth's atmosphere;

If it falls into the atmosphere, it will become a meteorite that we usually see when it is not burned up by the atmosphere, and the so-called meteorite is the debris left behind by a miniature version of the asteroid "hitting the earth". Hundreds of millions of years have passed, and there are countless rocks in the world. It is moving in a quantitative direction.