Is the immune response caused by tumor antigens cellular immunity? Specific

The immune response caused by tumor antigens is mainly cellular immunity, but it can also cause humoral immunity, but humoral immunity does not play a big role in the anti-tumor process.

The body's immune response to tumors is divided into:

1.Innate immunity: Participating cells include NK cells, macrophages, and delta T cells. Innate immunity plays a more important role in the less antigenic tumor immune response.

2.Specific immunity: includes cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

The immune response to the tumor in the host is the combined result of cellular immunity and humoral immunity, but the cellular immunity chamber is the main anti-tumor force. CD8+CTL-mediated cellular immunity plays the most important role in this process and is the main effector cell of tumor immunity. CD4+ T cells can also play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response by secreting various cytokines to assist in inducing and activating CD8+ CTL.

Although tumor antigens can induce the body to produce specific antibodies and exert anti-tumor effects through ADCC and complement systems, in general, tumor-specific antibodies are not an important effector factor of tumor immunity. Conversely, in some cases, tumor-specific antibodies, also known as "booster antibodies," interfere with specific cellular immune responses, rather than killing tumor cells, by which the mechanism is unknown.

Excerpted from Medical Immunology, I hope it will be helpful to you.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are any cells that can express the antigenic peptide-MHC complex recognized by specific T cells, and their main function is to capture, phagocytosis, process, and present antigens to T cells. Antigen-presenting cells that can express MHC-like molecules such as polydactyly (MC), dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes, while other antigen-presenting cells such as fibroblasts, various epithelial and endothelial cells, etc., are called non-full-time antigen-presenting cells. , etc., can present antigens through MHC class I molecules, and antigens can also be presented through MHC class molecules.

Different antigen-presenting cells have different characteristics in T-plus treatment and antigen-presenting cells. 1 Macrophages are most widely distributed in the body and play an important role throughout the immune response. It can actively engulf and remove granular foreign antigens and/or directly kill pathogenic microorganisms, and thus has the properties of internalizing, processing and presenting granular antigens more effectively than B cells.

There are many specific carrier proteins and channels present on the cell membrane of macrophages that allow small molecules or ions to enter and exit the cell efficiently. However, when it ingests large molecules and granular or cell-like materials, it is mainly done by endocytosis to form phagosomes. Primary lysosomes merge with phagosomes or phagosomes.

Formation of secondary lysosomes, or phagolysosomes. Foreign antigens are first degraded into peptide fragments (composed of 10 L5 amino acid residues) by certain proteases in this acidic environment, and the MHC-like molecules synthesized in cells carry antigenic peptides and are expressed on the surface of macrophages for recognition by CD4+ T cells. Therefore, the presentation of foreign antigens to T cells after macrophage treatment is a prerequisite for inducing an immune response.

In addition, during antigen presentation, IL-1 produced by macrophages can promote the activation of B cells and T cells, and the interferon produced is involved in regulating immune function.

Answer: a

The primary function of B cells is to produce antibody-mediated humoral immune responses, and the secondary function is to present soluble antigens to T cells.

Answer]: A analysis: The main function of B cells is to produce antibody-mediated humoral immune responses, and the secondary function is to extract soluble antigen with the first osmosis of T cells.

Answer]: The cb cell field can differentiate into plasma cells and secrete antibodies. NK cells have CD56 molecules on the surface, which have a non-specific killing effect on tumor cells.

Mast cells and basophils have a high surface impulse up to high-affinity IGE receptors. Compared with monocyte macrophages, neutrophils have the strongest phagocytic killing activity. The antigen-presenting cells in the primary immune response are mainly dendritic cells and monocytes, macrophages, and the antigen-presenting cells in the second immune response are mainly B cells.

a.Tuberculosis cavities are formed.

b.Contact dermatitis.

c.Transplant rejection.

d.Anti-tumor immune response.

e.Exotoxin neutralization effect.

Correct Answer: Exotoxin neutralization.

What are the factors that affect antigen-antibody response? Let's learn along!

1. Reactant self-factors.

1.Antibodies: Concentration, specificity, affinity, and the width and narrowness of the equivalence band all affect the antigen-antibody response.

Antibodies with high specificity and high affinity should be selected as diagnostic reagents. However, monoclonal antibodies are not suitable for precipitation reactions.

2.Antigen: Physicochemical properties, molecular weight, type and number of epitopes can all affect the reaction results.

The granular antigen has an agglutination reaction, the soluble antigen has a precipitation reaction, and the monovalent antigen binds to the corresponding antibody without precipitation.

2. Environmental factors.

1.Electrolytes: Antigen and antibody reactions are commonly used or various buffers are used as dilutions for antigens and antibodies.

2.pH: The antigen-antibody reaction is generally carried out between pH6 and 9.

3.Temperature: generally 15 40, the common reaction temperature is 37, if higher than 56, it can lead to the dissociation of the bound antigen and antibody, and even denaturation or destruction.

4.Oscillation: Proper oscillation can also speed up the reaction.

Autoallergenic substances or denatured autoproteins can act as antigens to elicit an immune response.

There are two main categories:

1.Covert antigen release: such as eye lenses are released into the blood due to traumatic surgery.

2.Autoantigens are modified: such as denaturation of tissue components due to infection, drugs, or radiation.

Under normal circumstances, it is fixed in a certain part of the body, isolated from the cells that produce antibodies, so it does not cause autologous production of antibodies. However, when these components enter the bloodstream due to trauma or infection, they can cause the autologous to produce antibodies, just like foreign bodies. These substances that are antigenic to themselves are called autoantigens, and the antibodies produced are called autoantibodies.

Because autoantibodies react with autoantigens, they cause autoimmune diseases, such as allergic ophthalmia, thyroiditis, etc. Proteins of other tissues of the body can also become autoantigens when denatured by physicochemical and biological factors such as ionizing radiation, burns, certain chemicals and certain microorganisms. Causes autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus disease, leukopenia, chronic hepatitis, etc.

Diseased cells, such as cancer cells.

There are also self-substances similar to foreign pathogens, which first cause immunity by foreign substances and then injure themselves by mistake.