This paper briefly describes Chen Heqin s contribution to the development of preschool education in

His main contributions are:Pioneered children's education. He conducted many years of observation and experimental research on his own children, recorded the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, and summarized 101 educational summaries.

In March 1927, he published "Our Proposition" in the monthly magazine "Kindergarten Education" edited by him, and put forward 15 propositions for the establishment of Chinese-style kindergarten education, which is the crystallization of early childhood education research and the first programmatic document in the history of China's new early childhood education.

After 1940, three major goals of living education were proposed: to be a person, to be Chinese, and to be a modern Chinese; Learning by doing, teaching by doing, and making progress by doing; Nature and the big society are living teaching materials; The famous 17 teaching principles of living education are proposed. In 1943, it established China's first relatively complete kindergarten teacher education system composed of five parts: junior college, normal department, primary school, kindergarten department and baby garden.

Life history

He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1914.

In 1917, he studied in the United States at Columbia University.

Obtained a master's degree. In 1923, he founded the Drum Tower Kindergarten and served as the principal. In 1927, he served as the president of the Second Normal Institute of Nanjing Xiaozhuang Experimental Village. From 1928 to 1939, he served as the director of the Chinese Education Division of the Shanghai Ministry of Industry. From 1949 to 1959, he served as Nanjing University.

Teachers College and Nanjing Normal University.

Dean. In 1955, he was appointed as a member of the Chinese Character Reform Committee. In 1964, it was promoted to Jiusan Society**.

He is also a member of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the People's Republic of China. In 1979, he was appointed to the Chinese Society of Education.

Honorary President and Honorary Chairman of the National Association of Early Childhood Education.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Chen Heqin.

Answer] See Analysis.

Answer analysis] 1) oppose semi-colonial and semi-feudal early childhood education, advocate sinicized early childhood education suitable for national conditions, (2) oppose death education, advocate living education, (3) kindergarten curriculum theory, and (4) attach importance to the cooperation between kindergartens and families, this topic needs to fully grasp Chen Heqin's contribution to the theory and practice of early childhood education.

Chen HeqinThe idea of preschool education is:To be a Chinese teacher, to learn by doing, to make progress by doing. Emphasizing the "doing" as the basis, to establish the main body of students in teaching activities.

Encourage children to do it on their own, to think and discover; Children's actions are often blind, and students are encouraged to do actively, while teachers should provide effective guidance and use various psychological and pedagogical laws to inspire and induce.

Chen Heqin proposed "living education.

Theory, attaches importance to scientific experiments, and advocates that the development of children's education in China should be suitable for national conditions and conform to the laws of children's physical and mental development; Call for the establishment of a teacher training system for children's education.

Dozens of kindergarten and primary school textbooks and children's extracurricular reading materials have been compiled, and toys, teaching aids and kindergarten equipment have been designed and promoted. Throughout his life, he has been engaged in a series of pioneering research and practice in early childhood education, including "Family Education".

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Chen Heqin proposed ten principles that kindergartens should follow: local situation

1. The nationality of the course;

2. The scientific nature of the course;

3. The popularity of the course;

4. The childlike nature of the course;

5. The continuous development of the curriculum;

6. The realism of the course;

7. Suitability of the course;

8. The educational nature of the course;

9. The edification of the course;

10. The verbal nature of the course.

Chen HeqinA well-known child educator in our country"The Father of Early Childhood Education in China".。In 1923, he founded the Nanjing Drum Tower Kindergarten, the earliest experimental center for early childhood education in China.

Founded "Living Education.

Philosophy, a lifetime dedicated to explorationSinicization, civilianization, and scientificizationThe path of early childhood education.

The three major goals of living education are to be a person, to be a Chinese, and to be a modern Chinese; To be a Chinese teacher, to learn by doing, to be a middle school.

Seek progress; Nature and the larger society are our living teaching materials.

1) Educational outlook.

Mr. Chen Heqin pointed out that in order to run kindergartens in accordance with the spirit of living education, it is necessary to "replace passivity with automatic" and "self-sufficient".

Dynamic learning, spontaneous learning", to use their own brains to obtain knowledge, teachers must respect children's autonomy, not engaged.

Traditional infusion, passive discipline of young children.

2) Educational goals: to be a person, to be a Chinese, to be a modern Chinese.

3) Educational methods: do Chinese teaching, do middle school, do progress in doing.

4) Educational content: Nature and the big society are living education, which is closely integrated with reality.

5) Educational principles.

Proposed by Mr. Chen HeqinThe 17 Principles of Living Education, such as "Whatever a child can do, let him do it himself; Where a toddler can think.

Let him think for himself", etc., reflecting respect for the subjectivity of young children.

Pay attention to the use of hands and brains by young children, and pay attention to the value of direct experience.

and other thoughts,The foundation of the principles of kindergarten education was laid.

1) The center of the course.

Mr. Chen Heqin opposes the detachment of the kindergarten curriculum from reality, and advocates that the kindergarten curriculum system should be centered on the children's environment, the natural environment, and the social environment, so that children can fully contact with objects and people, and gain direct experience.

2) The structure of the course.

Dividing the course content into "health, society, science, art, literature" is a whole, and it is called"Five Finger Activity".

3) Implementation of the curriculum.

Emphasizing the selection of teaching materials based on children's experience, physical and mental development characteristics and social development needs; We oppose the practice of dividing the teaching of different subjects into different disciplines, and advocate comprehensive unit teaching, which is centered on social nature"Whole pedagogy".；Advocate game-based teaching.

Chen HeqinSeventeen strips were raisedTeaching principles, ie

1. Whoever can do what hail children can do by themselves, let them do it themselves;

2. Whatever the child can think for himself, let him think for himself;

3. What you want children to do, you should teach children how to learn;

4. Encourage children to discover their own world;

5. Positive encouragement is better than negative sanctions;

6. Nature and the big society are our living teaching materials;

7. Comparative pedagogy;

8. Use competition methods to enhance the efficiency of learning;

9. Positive hints are better than negative commands;

10. Alternative pedagogy;

11. Pay attention to the environment and use the environment;

12. Group study and joint research;

13. Gamification of teaching;

14. Teaching storytelling;

15. Teachers teach teachers;

16. Children teach children;

17. Precise observation. This highlights the idea of taking children as the main body of learning and the word "live" and "doing", so that children are in the position of active learning.

1. Establish a correct concept of family education.

2. Pay attention to the role of parents.

Chen Heqin attaches great importance to the important role of parents in family education.

He made the following demands on his parents:

1. Parents should respect the personality of children; 2. Parents should be in the same step; 3. Parents should give their children real love.

3. On the basis of long-term research on the psychology and education of preschool children, Chen Heqin proposed a curriculum organization method suitable for the development of preschool children, that is, the "whole teaching method".

Fourth, Chen Heqin put forward the ten principles that should be followed in the preparation of kindergarten curriculum suitable for the national conditions of the country.

1. The national character of the curriculum; 2. The scientific nature of the course; 3. The popularity of the course; 4. The childlike nature of the course; 5. The continuous development of the curriculum; 6. The realism of the course; 7. Suitability of the course; 8. The educational nature of the course; 9. The edification of the course; 10. The verbal nature of the course.

5. Chen Heqin put forward 17 teaching principles.

1. Whatever a child can do on his own, he should be allowed to do it himself; 2. Whatever the child can think for himself, let him think for himself; 3. What you want children to do, you should teach children how to learn; 4. Encourage children to discover their own world; 5. Positive encouragement is better than negative sanctions; 6. Nature and the big society are our living teaching materials;

7. Comparative pedagogy; 8. Use competition methods to enhance the efficiency of learning; 9. Positive hints are better than negative commands; 10. Alternative pedagogy; 11. Pay attention to the environment and use the environment; 12. Group study and joint research; 13. Gamification of teaching; 14. Teaching storytelling; 15. Teachers teach teachers; 16. Children teach children; 17. Precise observation with age.

Chen Heqin's preschool education is very worth learning, the educational concept is very good, and you can learn a very wide range of knowledge.

In order to better improve the current situation of early childhood education in ChinaChen HeqinIn 1927 published a new proposition for early childhood education:

The second proposition: early childhood education should be the responsibility of teachers and parents, parents must not have children in school to think that it is the responsibility of teachers, only teachers and parents work together, promote each other, in order to let children get better development. Third Claim:

Chen Heqin believes that as long as children can learn, they should be taught.

Chen Heqin's preschool education enlightenment

The main teaching content of Chen Heqin's early childhood education thought is reform and development, theory and practice, which not only meet the requirements of the new curriculum concept, but also fit the educational ideas of China's national conditions.

Therefore, in the process of early childhood teaching, teachers should implement Chen Heqin's early childhood education ideas into actual teaching, as long as the theory and practice are effectively linked, Chen Heqin's educational ideas can never wither, keep pace with the times, and then promote the sound and rapid development of China's education.

The five-finger teaching method is an early childhood education method advocated by Chen Heqin, a Chinese children's educator, who believes that preschool education should teach children five aspects of health, science, society, art, and language in various ways to achieve the purpose of complete education.

Five-finger pedagogical content.

1. Life is based on health, so there must be healthy activities.

2. In order to know and understand oneself, the environment, nature, and endure closed life, it is necessary to have the spirit of exploration and scientific activities.

3. People cannot live in isolation, expand from the individual to the group life, and have social activities.

4. People are emotional animals, and life is full of interest, so there must be artistic activities to beautify the situation.

5. It is necessary to use language and writing, record, organize and preserve when interacting with people, and to have language activities.

According to children's interests and life experience, the teaching unit is designed by means of common sense quizzes, games, work, stories, songs, etc.

History. 1. The five-finger teaching method was first proposed in 1945 by the Chinese child educator Chen Heqin during his tenure as the principal of Shanghai National Kindergarten Normal College.

In the year, the Taiwan Provincial Department of Education designated female teachers to prepare a kindergarten research kindergarten teaching unit, and Director Xiong Huiying used the "Five Finger Teaching Method" as the blueprint to compile the "Teaching Method of Early Childhood Activity Unit Textbook" for preschool education units to use. Published in 1953, it consists of 49 teaching units.

3. This kind of teaching method was prevalent in Taiwan's preschool education units from 1951 to 1959, and it is now rarely used.