The nature of the Paris Commune The lessons of its failures

The first great attempt of the proletariat to establish power.

Reason:

Subjectively speaking, the failure of the Paris Commune was due to the political immaturity of the French working class at that time, and after the revolution of March 18, the Commune did not take advantage of the victory to march into the nest of the counter-revolution in Versailles and destroy the reactionary army of Thiers, which was on the verge of collapse.

The Commune was not resolute enough in its suppression of bourgeois counter-revolutionary activity, and did not even ban the counter-revolutionary press published in Paris.

In the war with Versailles, the Commune lacked a unified military command center and erroneously adopted a strategy of passive defense.

The Commune did not confiscate the Banque de France to strengthen its own economic power, and used it to exert political pressure on Versailles**. Karl Marx considered it a great pity that the Commune had "wasted precious time" in organizing democratic elections instead of quickly eliminating the Versailles.

The Banque Nationale de France, located in the city of Paris, held billions of francs, but the Commune left it intact and unprotected. They asked the bank for money, and Karl Marx thought they should not hesitate to confiscate all of the bank's assets. The Commune chose not to confiscate the bank's assets as a precaution against condemnation.

As a result, the bank's assets were moved to Versailles to arm the city's army.

The Commune did not recognize enough of the importance of uniting the peasants and failed to build an alliance between the workers and peasants.

Moreover, within the Commune Council, the neglect of the necessary centralization, the failure to form an authoritative nucleus of leadership, the waste of time and energy on sectarian struggles, and thus the weakening of the revolutionary forces.

But the fundamental reason for the defeat of the revolution was that the proletariat in France at that time lacked the objective historical conditions for the victory of the revolution. In France in the early 70s, when capitalism was still in its youth, small production still had an absolute predominance, and the state of economic development was not yet ripe enough to eradicate the capitalist mode of production. Therefore, the capitalist mode of production that the Commune Revolution was to abolish had a historical basis for its existence.

Name**

In France, the earliest names of the commune date back to the middle of the Middle Ages, when merchants and townspeople in some cities voluntarily united to form autonomous groups to establish the control of the cities by the feudal lords who rebelled against the oppression of the city lords in order to protect their interests.

Such cities that fought for the right to self-government were called communes. The Commune still recognized certain rights of the feudal lords, continued to pay taxes and undertake labor according to the regulations, and the feudal lords had to recognize the autonomy of the Commune.

1. The Paris Commune was politically immature, and did not take advantage of the victory to annihilate the temporary ** of Versailles, nor did it take over the Banque de France, which caused Van Pu to collude and fight back wildly.

2. The Paris Commune did not get in touch with the proletariat in the provinces, still less mobilized the broad masses of the peasants, and was seriously detached from the masses.

3. At that time, the social and economic development had not yet reached the level where the bourgeoisie could be overturned.

I feel that the Paris Commune, a socialist regime, was established too early, under the historical conditions of the time.

This socialist regime is embattled.

Both domestic and foreign forces want to extinguish it.

The same was true of Lenin's Soviets.

The gun shot the first bird.

It was because of the mistakes of the leaders, the imperfect and immature French industrial class at that time, so there was no unified military leadership and command, and there was no functional alliance, and capitalism at that time was in the ascending stage, which was affected by the economy and production relations; It is necessary to raise the economic foundation, and it is also necessary to maintain the knowledge and spine of the production system, to increase the productive forces, and to improve the relevant systems when carrying out reforms.

The leadership of the Commune adopted a series of erroneous policies of prevention and control, and the working class was not mature enough, lacking a relatively unified command, failing to establish an effective functional alliance, lacking an authoritative core leadership, inadequate military preparations, and chaotic organizational discipline; In our daily lives, we must adopt correct policies, have the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, avoid a series of command mistakes, and have strict organizational discipline if we want to achieve certain success.

Because of the mistakes of the leaders of the Commune, and because of the fact that the French capitalism was still on the rise at that time, the superstructure hindered the evolution of the economic base; At that time, the political economy of France was not strong enough to abolish the capitalist mode of production, and his defeat was inevitable, and it lacked an advanced party leadership and a popular base.

From a subjective point of view, it was caused by certain mistakes made by the leaders of the Commune who repented of their deaths, indicating that the French working class was not mature enough, such as the lack of a unified military command, the failure to establish a workers' and peasants' alliance, and the failure to form an authoritative leadership core.

From the perspective of the fundamental reason, French capitalism was still in the ascendant period at that time, and it still represented the mainstream of historical development. This revolution did not take place because the relations of production hindered the development of the productive forces, and the superstructure hindered the evolution of the economic base.

Communism is an ideal society, and it is the ultimate goal of mankind's great determination. Socialist society is a transitional stage leading to an ideal society, and this stage is long-term and complicated, and it is still unknown how long it will take......It is inevitable that the Paris Commune will end in failure!

The failure of the Paris Commune illustrates the doom to failure of fantasyism that violates objective laws, does not respect objective facts, and takes for granted!

It is just a fantasy, an ideal society that can never be realized, a road that does not work, and it has long been abandoned by the world. But it is still said to be the truth by a very small number of people. Practical training and knowledge is the only criterion of truth, and this is the truth!