Whether the water solidifies directly into ice in winter

Water freezes into ice below 0°, and the same is true in winter, when it reaches this freezing point, it freezes! The following is an introduction to solidification, I hope you will like it.

From the perspective of biological action, --- water needs many crystallization centers in order for water to freeze, and biological experiments have found that microorganisms in water are often "crystallization centers".

And some microorganisms in hot water (water temperature below 100 a little) multiply faster than cold water, in this way, the "crystal center" in the hot water is much more than in the cold water, accelerating the synergistic effect of hot water freezing, around the "crystal center" to grow out of the daughter crystal, the daughter crystal is the crystal nucleus of epitaxial crystal, convection makes the molecules of various orientations flow through the daughter crystal, relying on the molecular force on the surface of the crystal, grasp the water molecules with suitable orientation, and extend the molecules to make many grains arranged in an orderly manner, suspended in the water, The energy released by the crystallization is released through the reflux, and the adjacent ice particles are linked together to freeze until the water freezes completely.

In winter, the freezing of water is a solidification process, in which heat is released.

0° is the tipping point. For water to condense into ice, it must release heat, and for ice to turn into water, it must also absorb heat.

In general, heat will only be transferred from the high temperature to the low temperature. And the zero-degree water is placed in a room at zero degrees, their temperature is the same, and the heat cannot be transferred, so the water will not solidify into ice, and if it is put into ice, it will not turn into water.

<> liquid water can solidify into solid ice, liquid water will begin to solidify into ice when it drops to 0, and solid ice can turn back into liquid water at 0. The liquid state is the liquid state of the substance, which can flow, deform, and be slightly compressed. Liquids are different from solids, and liquids also have isotropic characteristics (the same physical properties in different directions), because when an object changes from a solid state to a liquid state, due to the increase in temperature, the molecules or atoms move violently, and it is impossible to maintain the original fixed position, so there is flow.

However, the attraction between molecules or atoms is still relatively large, so that they will not disperse away, so the liquid still has a certain volume.

The first thing is to see what the water is. If it is absolutely pure water, it will not freeze even if it is tens of degrees below zero.

Everyone forgets an important point. The premise for water to freeze is that it must reach the water's freezing point. And there are enough condensation nuclei in the water to freeze. There is also the fact that the water is in an unstable state.

As is the case in the Arctic, the seemingly calm surface of the water begins to condense when a solid is thrown into the water. At first, the water did not freeze because there were no condensation nuclei and the liquid was in a relatively stable state. When the stone is thrown in, it disrupts the original stable state.

Causes icing. There is also artificial rainfall and snowfall, which is actually the release of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) into the air.

When the air is cold enough, add solid particles, and the water vapor begins to condense, and if the temperature is high, it will be rain, and when the temperature is low, it will be snow.

0 degrees is a limit temperature, at 0 degrees, the ice-water mixture is in a special state, at this time, it does not matter who has more water and who has less, and how much proportion each has. Science is like a flock, as long as it is at one atmospheric pressure, the temperature when the ice-water mixture is in a stable state is 0 degrees. At one atmosphere, the temperature at which water vaporizes is 100 degrees.

Ice turning into water is called melting.

Melting is the process of changing a substance from a solid state to a liquid state by heating it. Melting is an endothermic process to absorb heat.

Crystals have a fixed melting temperature called the melting point, which is equal to its freezing point. The endothermic temperature of the crystal rises and begins to melt when it reaches the melting point, at which point the temperature does not change. After the crystals have completely melted into a liquid, the temperature continues to rise. During the melting process, the crystals are solid-liquid coexist.

Amorphous does not have a fixed melting temperature. The process of amorphous melting is similar to that of crystals, except that the temperature continues to rise, but it needs to continue to absorb heat.

Because the water is hot.

Poor conductors of bai, so that the freezing of water often starts from the surface. The density is highest at 4 degrees Celsius. In winter, the version of four degrees Celsius of water is considered and right.

The crushed grains are taller than the muddy water, and they will inevitably "sink" to the bottom of the river, so that the relatively hot water cannot float up and be cooled and heated, so this part of the heat can be preserved, and it is not easy to freeze below.

If you are in a low-temperature freezing environment all year round, it will freeze underwater, and the thickness of the ice sheet depends on the time of the low temperature. In addition, the degree of oxygen content of the water flow also has a certain relationship with the underwater freezing, although the oxygen content in the water depends on the flow of the water source, but the water source itself does not produce oxygen, and the oxygen content mainly comes from the compatibility of oxygen and water, so when the river surface is frozen, there will be a lack of oxygen underwater.

Anti-swelling properties of water. At 4 degrees Celsius, the density of the water is the highest and it sinks to the bottom. Keep falling.

When it is warm, the water will increase in volume, decrease in density and rise to the surface of the ice and begin to freeze. So as long as there is water under the ice, the temperature of the water is 4 degrees. Of course, this is freshwater, seawater is different, the higher the salt content, the lower the freezing point. So the sea water will not freeze at 0 degrees.

The density of ice is smaller than that of water at the same temperature

to float on top, by zhi

The specific heat of water is larger, the heat transfer is slow, and the heat is not easy to transfer to the water, and the water density of 4 degrees Celsius is the largest, and it takes a long process to transfer from zero degree ice to zero degree water to 4 degree water, unless it is cold for a long time, and there is still water under the ice.

The underwater temperature is higher than the water surface, and when the depth is deeper, the general underwater temperature is 4 degrees.

Because the higher the pressure, the lower the melting point.

So it doesn't freeze.

The standard is called melting hope.

Melting, not melting, the word is wrong.

Observable phenomena and explanations are:

Phenomenon 1: Freezing time is long. Conclusion: Water is a poor conductor;

Phenomenon 2: The rate of freezing is getting faster and faster. Explanation: As the temperature gets colder and lower, the freezing rate will get faster and faster;

Phenomenon 3: The location of the ice is turned outward. Conclusion: The location where the heat exchange occurs is first carried out through the cup wall direction.

Phenomenon 4: The icing progress of the left and right sides is the same, but the icing progress of the upper and lower sides is different (the bottom is more prone to icing than the top). Explanation: The lower the location of a certain space, the lower the temperature;

Phenomenon 5: The shape of the ice is basically the same as the shape of the device.

The process by which water freezes:

In fact, the process of water freezing is not simple, not that the temperature drops to 0, the water will freeze, but also needs the water to contain some small particles, as the attachment of water molecules when they just start to freeze, the small particles contained in the water are also called crystal nuclei.

The water molecules tend to be arranged so that the oxygen atoms are facing outwards and the hydrogen atoms are facing inwards, while the oxygen atoms are slightly negatively charged and therefore prefer to be surrounded by a positively charged environment. If the surrounding environment is positively charged and the temperature is below 0, then the water is prone to freezing, regardless of whether there are crystal nuclei in the water.

At a higher temperature to start the freezing process, the water molecule also needs something else like dust, soot, or other impurities so that the water molecule can form a lattice on it, which is the process of nucleation.