What is a von Neumann computer and what is the principle of a von Neumann computer

Basic knowledge of computers: No matter how the computer hardware system changes, its basic structure and working principle are based on the American-Hungarian mathematician, Feng. Neumann proposed the idea of "stored program computer", that is, a complete computer system is composed of five parts: combinator, controller, memory, input device and output society.

1) Combinator: It is a component of the computer for arithmetic operation and logical operation, which is composed of arithmetic logic components, accumulator and general register group, program counter (PC) instruction register and encoder, etc.

2) Controller: The controller is a part that controls and directs the various parts of the computer to coordinate the work, and under the control of the controller, the computer can automatically carry out a series of specified operations in accordance with the steps set by the program to complete a specific task.

Combinators and controllers are combined into a processor (CPU).

3) memory: is used to store the program and data components, can be under the control of the controller to the data access operation, the process of taking out is called read, the process of storage is called write, storage is divided into internal memory (memory) outside memory (external memory).

Internal memory, also known as main memory, is generally composed of semiconductor devices, which can be directly accessed by the CPU, and the access speed is fast, but the capacity is relatively small compared to the external memory, and the memory is divided into storage units, each storage unit stores a binary system ** (data or instructions), in order to facilitate the storage operation of data, no storage unit has a unique code, called an address.

Memory is divided into read-only memory and random memory according to performance and characteristics, read-only memory can only read can not write, even if the power supply is interrupted, the data will not be lost, generally used to store fixed, control computer system programs and parameter tables, etc., random access memory, the working process can read or write data, a little power interruption, data loss.

External storage has become auxiliary memory: including optical discs, disks, mobile hard disks, U disks, etc., the access speed is slow, but the access capacity is large, the data will not be lost due to power failure, and the data can be stored for a long time, and the programs and data must be loaded into the memory before the processor can process them.

4) Input device: A device that inputs programs and data to a computer: such as keyboard and mouse, etc.

5) Output device: the data processing results after reality: such as monitors, printers, etc., external memory, input and output devices, collectively referred to as the external equipment of the computer, referred to as peripherals.

The architecture of the wind Neumann computer is a computer composed of five functional components: combinator, controller, memory, input device, and output device, which adopts binary system and uses the principle of program storage to run automatically. The current computers are all Neumann architecture computers, but people are working on better architectures, and there is no breakthrough at present.

This architecture was proposed in the late 40's by Wind Neumann.

The core idea is: stored program control.

The architecture of a computer consists of five functional components: combinator, controller, memory, input device, and output device.

He came up with a couple of ideas that I don't remember very well.

It seems to be: 1. The computer stores in binary.

2. Five major components.

3、。。You can look it up on the Internet, ha, there's something about it on the Internet.

The principle of von Neumann's computer is: the number system of the computer adopts binary; The computer should execute in the order of the program. This theory of von Neumann is known as the von Neumann architecture. Features of the von Neumann architecture:

1) The data and instructions processed by the computer are all represented by binary numbers.

2) Sequential execution of the program.

During the operation of a computer, the program to be executed and the data to be processed are first stored in the main memory (memory), and when the computer executes the program, it automatically and sequentially takes out the instructions from the main memory and executes them one by one.

3) Computer hardware consists of five parts: combinator, controller, memory, input device and output device.

Key features of von Neumann computers:

1.A computer consists of five components: memory, combinator, controller, input device, and output device.

2.Instructions and data are stored in memory on an equal footing and can be accessed in address order.

3.Instructions and data are represented in binary.

4.An instruction consists of an opcode and an address code.

Stored programs, which are stored sequentially in a computer.

5.Combinator-centric. (Unreasonable: Spending a lot of time on data transmission reduces the efficiency of combinator data calculation).

The five major components of the von Neumann computer and the functions of each part are as follows:

1. Combinator: A component in a computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations. The basic operations of combinators include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and the logical operations such as and, or, non, and XOR, as well as operations such as shifting, comparing, and transferring, also known as arithmetic logic components (ALU);

2. Controller: It is composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator and operation controller, which is the "decision-making body" that issues commands, that is, completes the coordination and command of the operation of the entire computer system. Combinators and controllers are collectively referred to as processors, also known as CPUs.

The processor is the heart of the computer;

3. Memory: Memory is divided into memory and external memory. Memory is the memory component of a computer, which is used to store the raw data of the computer's operation, intermediate results, and programs that instruct the computer to work.

External memory is like a notebook, used to store some programs or data that need to be stored for a long time, and it will not be lost after power failure, and the capacity is relatively large, but the access speed is slow. When the computer wants to execute the program in the external memory and process the data in the external memory, it needs to read the data in the external memory into the memory first, and then the processor can process it. External memory includes hard disks, optical discs, and USB disks;

4. Input device: An input device is a device that inputs data and information to a computer. It is the bridge between the computer and the user or other devices.

Input devices are one of the main means of information exchange between users and computer systems. Keyboards, mice, cameras, scanners, light pens, etc., are all input devices.

5. Output device: It is the terminal equipment of the computer hardware system, which is used to receive computer data for output display, printing, sound, control peripheral equipment operation, etc. It is also to express various calculation results data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc.

Common output devices are monitors, printers, etc.

The basic idea of von Neumann's computer is that the number system of a digital computer adopts binary; The computer should execute in the order of the program.

The American-Hungarian scientist von Neumann was the first to put forward the idea of program storage and successfully applied it to the design of computers, and the computer built according to this principle is called the von Neumann structure computer. Because of his outstanding contributions to modern computer technology, von Neumann is also known as the "father of modern computers".

A computer based on the von Neumann architecture must have the following functions: send the required programs and data to the computer. Must have the ability to memorize programs, data, intermediate results, and final computing results for a long time.

Ability to complete various arithmetic, logical operations and data transmission and other data processing capabilities. It can control the program direction according to the needs and control the coordinated operation of the various parts of the machine according to the instructions. Clear your grip.

Von Neumann Computer: The basic structure of modern computers was developed by the American-Hungarian scientist von Neumann. Noy proposed it in 1946. So far, all the electronic calculators that have entered practical use have been designed and manufactured according to the von Neumann Neumann proposed structural system and working principle, so they are also collectively called "von Neumann computers".

The gist of this is that the computer completes the task by a pre-numbered program.

The computer program is entered into the memory in advance, and the results of the program operation are also stored in the memory.

The computer completes the program automatically and continuously.

The information and results required for the program to run can be done through the induced fracturing input and output devices.

A computer consists of combinators, controllers, memory, input devices, and output devices.

A computer must have five basic components, including: input devices for inputting data and programs; memory of programs and data; Combinators that complete data processing; An output device that controls the output of processing results from the controller executed by the program.