Was the concept of energy first proposed by Newton?

The word energy is tIn 1807, when Yang was lecturing on natural philosophy at King's College London, he proposed to use the word "energy" to express the idea of "vitality" or "upward force" at that time, and related it to the work done by objects, but it was not taken seriously, and people still believed that different movements contained different forces. In 1831, the French scholar Coriolis introduced the concept of force doing work, and added a coefficient of 1 2 before "vitality", which is called kinetic energy, and gave the connection between work and kinetic energy through integration.

In 1853 the term "potential energy" appeared, and in 1856 the term "kinetic energy" appeared. It was not until the law of conservation of energy was confirmed that people realized the importance and practical value of the concept of energy.

Energy is a measure of how much the spatial and temporal distribution of mass may change, and is used to characterize the ability of a physical system to do work. Modern physics has clarified the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, that is, Einstein's mass-energy relation: e=mc2.

In classical mechanics, its energy is the sum of the work done to accelerate from rest to the present velocity.

In classical thermalism, its energy is the sum of the work done to heat the existing temperature from absolute zero.

In physical chemistry, its energy is the sum of the work done to the raw material when synthesizing the solid.

In atomic physics, its energy is the sum of the work done on an atom from a state where energy is zero to reach its present state.

It is also possible to define the energy contained in this solid in the opposite way. Here are two examples:

The internal energy of the solid is the sum of the work released by cooling it to absolute zero.

The atomic energy of this solid is the kinetic energy that releases its binding energy into a reaction product in the fission or fusion reaction of the nucleus.

Energy, while a common and fundamental physical concept, is also an abstract physical concept. In fact, physicists didn't really understand the concept of energy until the mid-19th century, and before that it was often confused with concepts such as force and momentum.

The word energy is tIntroduced in 1801 when he was lecturing on natural philosophy at King's College London, Young proposed that the word energy should be used to denote the product of this product, and that it should be related to the work done by the object, in response to the idea that the product of mass and velocity was called vitality or upward force. However, it has not been taken seriously, and it is still believed that different forces are hidden in different movements.

It was not until the law of conservation of energy was confirmed that the significance of the concept of energy was recognized.

Italian physicist Galileo.

The energy flow of the human body, referred to as energy flow, mainly refers to the meridian wisdom closure. Jian Biqing.

Energy flow is the flow of energy through the process of moving through the ecosystem. Energy is transferred through the food chain and food web, and solar energy is the energy of all life activities**. It enters the ecosystem through the photosynthesis of green plants and then transfers from green plants to various consumers.

The process of creating quantum theory is a magnificent epic:

The early days of quantum theory:

In 1900, in order to overcome the difficulty of classical theory to explain the law of black-body radiation, Planck introduced the concept of energy subons, which laid the cornerstone for quantum theory.

Subsequently, Einstein proposed the optical quantum hypothesis in view of the contradiction between the photoelectric effect experiment and the classical theory, and successfully applied the concept of energy particles in the problem of specific heat of solids, which opened up the situation for the development of quantum theory.

In 1913, Bohr used the concept of quantization on the basis of Rutherford's nuclear model to put forward Bohr's atomic theory, which gave a satisfactory explanation of the hydrogen spectrum, making the quantum theory a preliminary victory. Subsequently, Bohr, Sommerfeld, and other physicists made great efforts to develop quantum theory, but encountered serious difficulties. The old quantum theory is in trouble.

Establishment of Quantum Theory:

In 1923, Debroy proposed the material wave hypothesis, which applied wave-particle duality to particle beams such as electrons, and developed quantum theory to a new level.

From 1925 to 1926, Schrödinger took the lead in successfully establishing the wave equation of electrons along the concept of matter waves, found a basic formula for quantum theory, and thus created wave dynamics.

Almost simultaneously with Schrödinger, Heisenberg wrote a work entitled "A Reinterpretation of Quantum Theory on the Relationship between Kinematics and Mechanics", creating a matrix method for solving quantum wave theory.

In September 1925, Born collaborated with another physicist, Jordain, to develop Heisenberg's ideas into a systematic theory of matrix mechanics. Soon, Dirac refined the mathematical form of matrix mechanics into a conceptually complete and logically self-consistent theoretical system.

In 1926, Schrödinger discovered that wave dynamics and matrix mechanics are mathematically equivalent, and this is collectively referred to as quantum mechanics, and Schrödinger's wave equation is easier to understand than Heisenberg's matrix, and has become the basic equation of quantum mechanics.