Why did the ancient Egyptians move huge rocks more than 3,000 years ago?

Bevel principle. Introduction to inclined planes.

A type of simple machinery that can be used to overcome the difficulty of lifting heavy objects vertically. Both the distance ratio and the force ratio depend on the inclination. If the friction is low, a high efficiency can be achieved.

F is used to represent the force, L is the length of the inclined plane, h is the height of the inclined plane, and the weight of the object is g. When the useless resistance is not counted, according to the principle of work, w=fs=gh is obtained

Bevel: A plane that is inclined upwards to the horizontal plane. It is laborious to lift the object up along the perpendicular line, and if the object is placed on an inclined plane, pushing or pulling along the inclined plane can save effort.

Let the object with weight w be placed on the inclined plane ab with an angle of rise of . When the object is at rest or moving in a uniform linear motion, if friction is not considered, the gravity force w, the tensile force f along the inclined plane and the normal reaction force n of the inclined plane form a closed force triangle f=wsin from the static equilibrium condition. Since f is the input force and w is the output force, the mechanical benefit of the inclined plane = w f = 1 sin = s h.

This is the bevel principle: the ratio of the output force to the input force is equal to the ratio of the hypotenuse to the straight edge in the right triangle ABC. Because of s h, the mechanical efficiency of the inclined plane is greater than 1.

Winding roads, inclined conveyor belts in material conveyors, etc. are the specific applications of the inclined plane principle.

The smaller the inclination angle between the inclined plane and the plane, and the longer the inclined plane, the labor-saving, but the distance is wasted, and the mechanical efficiency is low.

The greater the inclination angle between the inclined plane and the plane, and the shorter the inclined plane, it is laborious, but the distance is saved, and the mechanical efficiency is high.

No one should know for a while.

They may pile up a slope of earth as high as this one, and carry stones up like this. As high as the tower, the slope is as high as it is.

Researchers at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands say that in order to build the pyramids, the ancient Egyptians had to move huge rocks and large statues across the desert. Scientists copied the techniques of the ancients at the time and found that damp sand was the key factor in moving boulders. The ancient Egyptians placed heavy stones on sleds, and workers pulled them across the desert.

Researchers at the University of Amsterdam have found that it is likely that the ancient Egyptians laid a layer of damp sand before the sled.

To test the theory that the right amount of humidity in the sand provided the traction needed for the sled, physicists built a laboratory version of the Egyptian sled. They found that the moisture content of the required sand determined the traction and sand hardness, and used a rheometer to test the sand hardness to determine how much traction was needed to deform a certain amount of sand. Experiments have shown that the traction required to move the skid is inversely proportional to the hardness of the sand, with wet sand with the right amount of moisture twice as hard as dry sand.

This means that wet sand requires less traction in front of the skid, making it easier to move the weight on the skid. At the same time, the amount of sand layer laid is appropriate and no sand accumulation can be created before the skid.

It is reported that an ancient Egyptian drawing shows that the ancients also knew this technique, and in a mural found in the tomb of Djehutihotep, a man stands in front of a sled and watering water in the sand directly in front of the sled's movement. The solution of this archaeological mystery will be a great new discovery for the archaeological community, and it will be of great help to other archaeological unsolved mysteries.

It turns out that the large stones in the quarry were carried in this way.

Guess 1: Instrument Handling Theory As early as 450 B.C., the Greek historian Herodotus personally traveled to Egypt to study the construction methods of the pyramids. Herodotus believed that the Pharaoh sent tens of thousands of slaves and used a series of instruments to build the boulders one by one from the lowest to the highest.

However, modern mechanical engineering experts believe that this was not possible with the limited technology of the time, especially since the monolith at the top of the tower weighed 60 tons.

Guess 2: Slope Handling Theory First, build a large ramp outside the pyramid and pull the stones up. Pile up a layer of slopes, build a layer of stones, and gradually increase the pyramid.

However, the slope of this slope should not exceed 7 to 8 degrees. At the height of the pyramid, the slope is a full 1 mile (about a kilometer) long, and it is very steep to reach the top. The material for such a slope alone would be equivalent to building a pyramid, which is also a great waste and therefore unlikely.

Guess 3: The pouring theory In 2000, the Frenchman Joseph David Duvis made his astonishing insight, claiming that the megaliths on the pyramids were man-made. David Duvis analyzed the structure of the boulder with the help of microscopy and chemical methods, and based on the results of the assays, he came to this conclusion:

The stones on the pyramids were made of lime and shells poured by hand in a manner similar to how concrete is poured today. It is speculated that in ancient Egypt, the construction of the pyramids was probably based on the method of "breaking up the whole into pieces", first loading the mixed concrete into baskets and then lifting the pyramids under construction. In this way, as long as you master a certain technique, you can pour it into a huge stone.

Guess 4: Water transport theory Some scientists believe that the ancient Egyptians used the "water transport method", that is, the use of water buoyancy to move thousands of pounds, this theory was first put forward by the Egyptian Council for the Protection of Cultural Relics Hawass, in 1980 when Hawass conducted core sampling, found a rock wall at least 50 meters deep, which may have been a port dug during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Later, a waterway connecting to the port was discovered.

They thought it was possible that the water transport method could be used to move boulders.

Hello landlord!

The ancient Egyptians tended to be the stone mines of Upper Egypt in the south. They used adzes and chisels to process large blocks of limestone or granite, and then transported them downstream by boat down the Nile to close to their destination.

Then they used a pre-laid wooden slide to drag and haul the stones on it. It is generally used by animal power, but also by human power (such as when building pyramids). Sprinkle water on the slide while dragging to keep it moist.

Of course, the ancient Egyptians invented the winch, including the use of levers and the like to lift stones, without going into details.

Hand hit, satisfaction hope to adopt in time!

The Nile was an ideal passage to build temples and tombs, and huge granite blocks could be transported downstream from the Aswan quarries by barge or raft.