What are the treatment measures for pulmonary thromboembolism, what are the treatments and causes of

1. First aid measures.

l.General management: Intensive care is appropriate, bed rest for 1-2 weeks, and severe chest pain is given analgesics and sedatives.

2.Correction of acute right heart failure (dopamine, etc.).

3.Prevention and treatment of shock.

4.Improve oxygenation and ventilation with oxygen or non-invasive mask ventilation and, if necessary, manual ventilation with endotracheal intubation.

2. Thrombolysis**.

1. Indications for thrombolysis: The time window for thrombolysis is generally set within 14 days, but in view of the possible dynamic formation process of thrombosis, this time window is not absolute. The currently accepted indication for thrombolysis** is massive pulmonary thromboembolism, which is characterized by right-sided ventricular insufficiency with hypotension or cardiogenic shock.

In such patients, if there are no contraindications, thrombolysis should be given aggressively and promptly.

2. Absolute contraindications: active internal bleeding, recent spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.

3. Relative contraindications: major surgery, childbirth, organ biopsy or vascular puncture that cannot compress the hemostatic site within 2 weeks; Ischemic stroke within 2 months; gastrointestinal bleeding within 10 days; Severe trauma within 15 days; Neurosurgical or ophthalmic surgery within 1 month; Severe hypertension that is difficult to control (systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 110 mmHg); recent cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Platelet count< 100 109 l; Pregnancy; bacterial endocarditis; Severe hepatic and renal insufficiency; Diabetic hemorrhagic retinopathy, etc.

What tests can confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?

You can choose to use medication**, or you can choose acupuncture**, you can choose massage to relieve it, or you can choose chemotherapy, or you can choose surgery. **It is likely to be caused by genetic factors, and it may also be due to problems with the living environment, and it is likely to be due to problems with daily diet and living habits.

There are many causes of pulmonary embolism, including slow blood flow and coagulation dysfunction, or damage to the blood vessel wall, which can cause pulmonary embolism, and should be carried out by taking thrombolytic drugs according to the doctor's instructions**.

It is because of the damage to the blood vessel wall, and it is also caused by the slow speed of blood flow, and it must be done by medication or thrombolysis.

Pulmonary embolism is a common cardiovascular disease that can affect the function of the lungs by causing obstruction of blood circulation to the lungs.

There are many ways to do pulmonary embolism, but what is the most effective?

First of all, there are two main methods of pulmonary embolism: drug and surgery.

Drugs** refers to the use of anticoagulant drugs, such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, etc., to improve blood clotting and thus stop the development of embolism.

The advantages of drug treatment are simple, safe and effective, but it can only improve the symptoms, and it can completely improve the condition.

Secondly, surgery** refers to the use of interventional techniques, such as vascular interventional techniques, vascular stent implantation, etc., to remove the embolism and thus restore blood circulation.

The advantage of surgery is that it can completely ** the disease, but it is also more risky than drugs**.

Finally, the most effective method depends on the condition, and in general, mild PE can be treated with medication**, while severe PE requires surgery**.

In addition, in the case of pulmonary embolism, it is also necessary to pay attention to diet, exercise, smoking cessation, etc., to prevent pulmonary embolism.

In short, there are two kinds of pulmonary embolism: medicine and surgery, and the specific method should be determined according to the different conditions, and it is also necessary to pay attention to diet, exercise, smoking cessation, etc., to prevent pulmonary embolism.

In daily life, many people are very afraid of embolism, because it is indeed a fatal risk. And what I want to discuss with you today is also a common pulmonary embolism in daily life.

The main reason for pulmonary embolism is that the thicker arteries are flowing back, and the main reason for this is that there are times when the inside of our blood vessels is not able to flow properly. This causes blood to clot and block, which then forms a blood clot that backs up into the pulmonary arteries during circulation.

There are many conditions for the formation of embolism, for example, the cause of embolism may be postoperative, especially the lower limb surgery may cause this problem, and it is also more common in daily life is the formation of blood thrombosis, and because there is no appearance in this case, when pulmonary embolism is formed, especially complete embolism may have a very big impact on our lives. <>

If you suddenly have a cough, chest tightness and can't breathe, in a very serious case, you must go to the local hospital for examination, but the plug **? First of all, it is divided into three types, one is anticoagulation**, which is mainly aimed at small area embolization, and is also very conservative and used by many patients. In addition, the second is for large-scale pulmonary embolism, thrombolysis** In fact, his risk factor is still relatively large, but because of the large-scale spaceship picking, it may seriously affect the respiratory system, so it is necessary to use thrombolysis** And the main thing we commonly see in daily life is urokinase plasminogen.

The last kind of intervention is also a major means of surgery, it is a process of interventional catheter thrombectomy and surgical incision and thrombectomy, which is still more complicated and more expensive, and most of them are some acute tethering will take this way. <

But in any case, embolism is a very serious and urgent disease, and we must pay more attention in our daily life not to let the blood be in a state of tranquility, which is very dangerous.

During pulmonary embolism**, the following points should be noted:

First, it is necessary to pay attention to the assessment of the patient's condition and stratify the degree of risk, so as to formulate its relevant ** regimen, whether it is anticoagulation or combined thrombolysis.

Second, in the process of **, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient to stay in bed, usually for about two weeks, to keep the stool smooth, and relieve the patient's mental tension and anxiety. To strengthen symptomatic supportive treatment, attention should be paid to monitoring the patient's vital signs, maintaining the functional stability of organs, and grasping the indications and contraindications of anticoagulation and thrombolysis in patients. In the process of anticoagulation and thrombolysis, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the patient has corresponding adverse drug reactions, especially whether there is a tendency to bleed, and observe the degree of remission of the patient's condition.

Third, it is also important to pay attention to the risk factors for pulmonary embolism** to strengthen them, thereby reducing or avoiding the recurrence** and exacerbation of pulmonary embolism.

The first is to rest in bed, the second is to do a good job of keeping warm, the third is to take blood-invigorating drugs appropriately, the fourth is to move the lower limbs more, and the fifth is to maintain an optimistic attitude.

Be careful not to go to some places full of smoke, pay attention to air quality, and not go to places with heavy smoke.