The wise man acts, the fool controls the sage, the sage is more polite, and the unscrupulous is rest

system, restricted. No, no talent, no talent.

The meaning of Sima Qian's "Historical Records, Shang Jun Liebiography" is "Foolish people are constrained by the law; Virtuous people change the etiquette system, and ordinary people are bound by the etiquette system. ”

Back then, Qin Xiaogong was swaying left and right considering whether to change the law, and Shang Ying had a face-to-face struggle with the reform oppositionists Gan Long and Du Zhi in front of Qin Xiaogong. The extended meaning is: the wise ** should legislate to adapt to the new development, and the stupid ** will be bound by the old law when they know that the law is no longer suitable for development.

In the same way, the virtuous will change the etiquette according to the times, and the stupid will be bound by the old etiquette.

This debate completely dispelled Xiaogong's doubts and decided to change the law. The change also made the Qin State stronger, and finally achieved hegemony.

Sima Qian (c. 145-90 BC), died in 90 BC, died at the age of 55. The character is long, a great historian, writer, thinker, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty.

At that time, Lang Zhong, Taishi Ling, Zhongshu Ling, and the "Historical Records" were written

It is the first general history of China, which was called by Lu Xun as "the swan song of the historian, and the rhyme of the separation." He was considered to be a model of Chinese history books, so later generations honored him as Shi Qian and Taishi Gong.

The Records of the Historian is a chronicle history book, which is the first general history in Chinese history and is listed as"Twenty-four History"The first record records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the legendary Yellow Emperor in ancient times to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. and the later "Book of Han" and "Book of the Later Han".

Romance of the Three Kingdoms"The first four histories"。

The Records of the Historians had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations. His first method of chronicling history was later dynasties"Canonical history"Passed on. At the same time, "The Records of the Historian" is also regarded as an excellent literary work, which has an important position in the history of Chinese literature and is praised by Lu Xun"The swan song of the historian, "Lisao" without rhyme, has high literary value.

Wise people make laws and policies, and stupid people will only be held back; Virtuous people change with the times, and only those who are incompetent abide by the law.

Original text: Wei Ying wanted to change the law, but the Qin people were displeased. Wei Yingyan said to Qin Xiaogong:

The husband and the people should not start with worry, but with happiness. Those who are virtuous are not in harmony with the vulgar, and those who have achieved great achievements are not sought by the public. It is a saint who can strengthen the country, and it is lawless.

Gan Long said: "Otherwise, those who rule by the law will be accustomed to the law and the people will be safe." Wei Ying said:

Ordinary people are content with old customs, and scholars are indulged in what they hear, and with these two, it is okay for officials to abide by the law, and it is not outside the law. The wise man does it, and the fool controls it; The sage is more polite, and the unscrupulous are restrained. "Gong said:

Good. Zizhi Tongjian, Volume II, 10th year of King Xian of Zhou (壬戌, 359 BC.

Translation: Gongsun Martingale wanted to carry out the reform of the law, but the nobles of the Qin State were not happy. Gongsun Ying said to Qin Xiaogong:

For the lower strata, you can't discuss the plan with them, you can only share the benefits of success with them. Those who speak of supreme morality cannot be attached to ordinary people, nor can those who want to accomplish great things consult with ordinary people. Therefore, as long as the sages can make the country strong, they do not have to stick to the old legal system.

Doctor Gan Long said: "No, only by governing according to the old rules can we make the best people familiar with the rules and regulations and the people are stable and not chaotic." Gongsun Martingale said

Ordinary people only know to be content with old customs, and scholars are often troubled by their own knowledge. For these two kinds of people, it is okay for them to be officials and abide by the law, but they cannot discuss with them the great cause of creating a business outside the old law. Wise people make laws and policies, and stupid people will only be held back; Virtuous people change with the times, and only those who are incompetent abide by the law.

Qin Xiaogong said: "Well said! ”

From the "General Guide to Governance", which was said by Shang Ying when he advocated changing the law.

The translation is as follows: the wise man makes the rules of the law, and the foolish man is bound only by the law; Virtuous people change their etiquette system with the times, and incompetent people stick to the outdated etiquette system.

King Wu of Zhou fell, set up in the Gongtou Mountain of Bishui, the storm and thunder on the day, the military flag and war drums were blown off and blown away, and the guards on the chariot of King Wu were scared to death.

Jiang Taigong said: "Those who use soldiers may not be auspicious in accordance with the way of heaven, and they may not be fierce if they go against it, and if they lose personnel, the three armies will be defeated." And the ghosts and gods of heaven are not seen, and they are not heardTherefore, the wise man is lawless, and the foolish man is detained

Today, the good and virtuous are capable, and when they do things, they do not look at the time and the things are profitable, they do not fake divination and good fortune, and they do not wait for the prayer shrine and are blessed. Then he ordered the army to march forward.

Zhou Gong objected and said: "At this time, the reverse Tai Sui, the turtle burns the fierce words, the divination is unlucky, and the star is a disaster, please return to the teacher." ”

Jiang Taigong was furious and said: "Today, I will cut down the bones, imprison the basket, and take Feilian as the government, why not cut it down?" Withered grass and rotten bones, Enke?

Jiang Taigong scolded the fortune-teller as dry grass, and scolded the turtle's back for divination as rotten bones, and burned the drinking order.

Liu Yuwei Murong Chao Yu Guanggu, will attack the city, the generals turned over the yellow calendar, the day is the day of "death", unlucky, have stubbornly admonished: "You can't go!" ”

Liu Yu said: "Go to death, I will die to him, Daji, go." So he captured Guanggu.

Huashan. Hua Shan thoroughly explained "The Art of War" (this time thoroughly read "The Art of War"!) Kindle position 283-291).Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House. Kindle version.

Even if a wise person breaks the law, ordinary people are obliged to arrest him.

The wise make the law, and the stupid are constrained by this and cannot innovate; Virtuous people change their manners according to the times, and mediocrity sticks to it.

Wise knowledge makes laws to rule the foolish, and virtuous people change the law and arrest the bad ones.

1. The wise man makes the law, and the stupid man is unable to innovate because of this constraint; Virtuous people change their manners according to the times, and mediocrity sticks to it.

2. The new law was implemented for a year, and thousands of Qin people complained about the inconvenience of the new law when they came to the country.