The evolution of the man, the evolution of the man

The evolution of Chinese characters can be briefly summarized into five stages: sound, shape, image, number, and reason.

Different dynasties have different fonts.

6,000 years ago in the Banpo site and other places, there have been carved symbols, a total of more than 50 kinds.

The formation of Chinese characters as a systematic script was the Shang Dynasty in the 16th century BC, and one of its main features was the appearance of oracle bone inscriptions.

The small seal fixes the number of strokes for each character; Lishu formed a new pen-shaped system, and the glyphs gradually became flat squares; After the birth of regular script, the glyph font of Chinese characters was stabilized: the basic strokes of "horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, point, pinch, pick, and fold" were determined, the shape of the pen was further standardized, and the number of strokes and stroke order of each character were also fixed. For more than a thousand years, regular script has been the standard character for Chinese characters.

After more than 6,000 years of changes, Chinese characters have evolved as follows: oracle bone inscription, Jin script, small seal, Lishu, regular script, Xingshu (Shang) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei and Jin) cursive script.

Know the current Chinese characters of New China.

Oracle Bone Inscription - Jin Wen - Big Seal - Small Seal - Lishu.

Is it a kanji?

The evolution of the Han Tzu is as follows:

1. Oracle bone inscription (Shang Dynasty).

The oracle bone inscription has been in use since the Shang Dynasty, and it has a history of more than 3,000 years. Oracle is also a script that has a font. At first, oracle bone inscriptions were used by the nobles of the Shang Dynasty for divination, and half of them were written on turtle shells or animal bones, and now people study the history of the Shang Dynasty through oracle bone inscriptions.

2. Jin Wen (Shang Dynasty).

This is a more figurative script than the oracle bone inscription, which was mainly used during the late Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Yuan Dynasty, and the time before and after the pretense was almost 800 years, and the final abolition was after Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms. There are still 3,722 complete gold scripts and 2,420 recognizable characters.

3. Great Seal (late Western Zhou Dynasty).

This is a font that was commonly used in the late Tangerine period of the Western Zhou Dynasty and is said to have been created by Boyi of the Xia Dynasty. The big seal is generally engraved on the stone, so the big seal also has the title of the ancestor of stone carving.

4. Small seal (Qin Dynasty).

This is a script simplified by Qin Shi Huang on the basis of the Great Seal after the unification of the Six Kingdoms. It is mainly in charge of Prime Minister Li Si. The small seal was popular from the Qin Dynasty until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD), when it began to be replaced by Lishu.

5. Lishu (Qin Dynasty).

There are mainly Qin Li, Han Li, which are generally believed to have developed from seal scripts. It is said to have been invented by Cheng Miao during the Qin Dynasty, and by the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lishu had become very common. The historical inheritance of Lishu is also very long, from the beginning of the Qin Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it is a large-scale use of Lishu.

6. Cursive (Han Dynasty).

Cursive is not aged, as long as it is a relatively scribbled font, all are cursive. However, this is not to say that the scribbled font is the real cursive, because the real cursive is artistic, for example, Zhang Xu's cursive has been imitated by later generations.

The evolution of Chinese characters has gone through the processes of oracle bone script, golden script, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script and line script.

The development of Chinese characters is mainly divided into the following stages:

1. The first stage is the pictorial and writing stage before the Shang Dynasty.

The origin of Chinese characters is the most primitive picture, primitive people used this kind of picture to express their thoughts in life, and slowly, this picture evolved into a kind of ideogram.

2. The second stage is the writing stage from oracle bone inscription to Qin Dynasty, which is based on epigraphic script and centered on phonetic script.

This stage was characterized by the gradual evolution and standardization of pictorial writing into oracle bone inscriptions, which were carved into animal bones or tortoise shells.

3. The third stage is the writing from the Qin and Han dynasties to the present.

With the theme of morphophonetic characters, some of the morphophonetic stages of morphographs and phonetic characters are retained.

The Significance of Chinese Character Writing:

1. Inherit the Chinese civilization and enhance the love for the motherland.

2. Unite the hearts of Chinese people and show the charm of China.

Chinese characters are the cultural treasures and spiritual wealth left by the ancestors of the Chinese nation to the people of the world.

3. Enhance cultural literacy and cultivate good character.

People generally have the phenomenon of over-dependence on megawatt disturbance electronic products, which weakens the down-to-earth and serious attitude of being a person and doing things, so that there are often undesirable phenomena such as impetuousness and lack of patience in doing things. The writing of Chinese characters is to calm down, which is of great help to improve people's aesthetic taste and enhance people's cultural literacy.

4. Cultivate innovative thinking and enhance innovation ability. <>

1. The writing of the ancient "Han" character.

Han, Jin Wen = (water, river) + (Huang, Yellow Emperor), indicating the water of the Yellow Emperor, that is, the boundary river of the Yellow Emperor's ruling area. Some Jin Wen mistakenly wrote "yellow" with an extra horizontal line (i.e., "difficult" or "熯").

The seal script writes the golden glyph as "堇". The inscription replaces the word "yellow" (i.e., "熯") in the Dongshu Jin glyph with "fire" and adds "or" (the person who accepts the stool means "domain", and the territory is thick and plum), emphasizing that the Han River is the "boundary" of the Yellow Emperor's regime in the Central Plains. After Lihua, the regular script writes the "water" in the seal glyph as "three points of water".

About 4,000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor unified the Central Plains, and the scope of control was from present-day Shandong in the east, Gansu and Shaanxi in the west, Inner Mongolia in the north, and the Lianghu region in the south. The Northwest Ethnic Groups then took the Han River (the boundary river of the Yellow Emperor) to name the Central Plains ethnic groups under the rule of the Yellow Emperor.

The order of evolution of the Han is oracle bone script, golden script, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script, and line script, which are introduced as follows:

1. Oracle bone inscription: Oracle bone inscription is engraved on the tortoiseshell animal bones, mainly on the shoulder blades of cows, and it is the most systematic and quite mature Chinese character material that we can see today.

2. Jin Wen: It is a kind of calligraphy name in ancient China, which refers to the inscription cast on the bronzes of the Yin Shang and Zhou dynasties, also called Zhong Dingwen. The Shang and Zhou dynasties were the age of bronze, and the ritual vessels of bronze were represented by tripods, and musical instruments were represented by bells, and "bells and tripods" were synonymous with bronze.

3. Seal script: a font of Chinese characters. Seal, bamboo, seal, that is, the pictographic body, that is, the font before the official book, the seal book is divided into large seals and small seals.

4. Lishu: There are Qin Li, Han Li, etc., it is generally believed that it is developed from the seal book, the glyph is mostly wide and flat, the horizontal painting is long and the vertical painting is short, pay attention to the silkworm head swallowtail, and the twists and turns.

5. Regular script: also called regular script, real book, regular book. It gradually evolved from the official book, which became more simplified, horizontal and vertical.

Cihai explains that it has a square shape and straight strokes, which can be used as a model. The Chinese character font is upright, and it is the handwritten orthographic character of Chinese characters that are commonly used in modern macros. Regular script is commonly used in modern society, but it is not completely formalized.

6. Cursive: There are broad and narrow meanings, regardless of the era in the broad sense, all scribbled words are counted as cursive. In the narrow sense, as a specific font, it was formed in the Han Dynasty and evolved on the basis of official scripts for the sake of simplicity of writing.

7. Xingshu: Ridge hole is a kind of calligraphy collectively, which is divided into two types: Xingkai and Xingcao. It developed and originated on the basis of regular script, which is a font between regular script and cursive script, which was produced to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the difficulty of cursive script to read.

The form and meaning of Chinese characters have evolved, and generally speaking, they have gone through the following three stages:

1.Hieroglyphic period (prehistoric period to Western Zhou AD).

In the primitive stage of writing, the appearance or shape of the word is used to express the appearance or meaning of things, such as the sun uses "day", people use "people", trees use "wood", etc. These ancient Chinese characters were called "hieroglyphs" because they presented things as they were.

2.Refers to the writing stage (Western Zhou to Qin Dynasty).

Gradually, the representation of the text developed into a gradual simplification and a more concise direction. This is called "signifiers", which means that he refers to some more abstract objects, which can be understood as long as they are represented by a symbol. The meaning of these Chinese characters is revealed by the category to which its shape itself refers, rather than by the direct expression of the characteristics of the object.

3.Phonetic writing stage (Qin Dynasty to present).

Through the development and evolution of the signifier script, a new system of Chinese characters has been produced. This is the prototype of modern Chinese. Chinese characters became a phonetic writing system.

That is, each kanji has some specific sounds, and the meaning of the kanji can be understood by that sound or other sounds associated with it, such as tones. This phase also included a large number of innovations and changes, such as official scripts and xingshu, which made the writing of Chinese characters more simplified and became modern Chinese characters.

Overall, the history of the evolution of Chinese characters has been a process of constant change, innovation, development, and gradual simplification. However, although the form and use may have changed, the basic form and characteristics of Chinese characters have not been completely overthrown or disappeared, and Chinese characters are still the foundation of the Chinese writing system and a precious part of Chinese culture.

There is no "Han" character in the oracle bone inscription. The earliest glyph of the Shengqiao character "Han" in the Great Chinese Dictionary is the Jinwen Great Seal in the Western Zhou Dynasty Zhongyong and the Warring States Period in the Ejun Boat Festival (鄂和hood君令運運動動務), as shown in the figure below.

The Great Chinese Dictionary, second edition, p. 1836.

甗 (yǎn) Ancient cooking utensils used for steaming, with two layers above and below, with a grate in the middle, pottery orThe bronze is noisySystem. Zhongying, unearthed in Hubei in the Song Dynasty, is one of the famous "Anzhou Six Instruments", and only a copy exists now. At the beginning of the inscription, it describes the conquest of King Zhou in the south, so the scholars generally believe that it is the time vessel of King Zhao of Zhou. ）

The answerer sorted out for you that Chinese characters are a script that has evolved from six basic forms of expression, such as pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, morphophonics, transfers, and pretenses. The following is a summary of the evolution process that can be roughly divided into four stages:

1.Hieroglyphs: Ancient people created the most primitive hieroglyphs by imitating the shapes or features of objects in nature. The shape of this kind of text is highly similar to the shape of the actual object, such as "day", "month", mu travel, etc.

The picture shows hieroglyphs.

2.Signifiers: Ancient people gradually discovered that there was no necessary connection between the shape of an object and the meaning it represented.

Therefore, they began to create some simple symbols to represent abstract concepts, which are referred to as signifiers. This kind of writing directly expresses a certain abstract meaning through specific symbols, such as "up", "down", etc.

3.Huiyi script: On the basis of the Zhizao Wushi script, the ancient people further developed the huiyi script, that is, through the combination of two or more components to express a new meaning.

These components are called "sideways" (sideways) and "righteousness". Among them, the side indicates a certain semantic component of the word, and the meaning is the actual meaning of the word. For example, the combination of "person" and "mouth" can mean "shouting".

4.Morphophonetic script: An important stage of development of Chinese characters is morphophonetic script, which is composed of "sound" and "form".

These words are partly sound-speaking and partly semantic. They express meaning through the form side, the sound side expresses the sound, and the form and sound are integrated to express meaning. For example, the "虍" in the word "tiger" is the shape side, and the "ancient" in the word "gu" is the sound side, thus forming the two completely different Chinese characters "tiger" and "gu".

The above is a brief summary of the evolution of Chinese characters. The evolution of Chinese characters is long and colorful, and it is also an important testimony to the development of culture and history.

The origin of Chinese characters began with the ancient knotted rope chronicles, and slowly evolved into carving marks on wood or bamboo chips, and then to gossip. However, there are very few things that can be expressed through yin and yang, so people use various shapes to express their meanings by observing things between heaven and earth.

Thus the oracle was created. The oracle bone inscription evolved into a seal script in the pre-Qin period, which greatly increased the amount of characters, but the writing was too complicated, and in the Qin Dynasty, it gradually evolved into the Lihuai jujube script, which became the Chinese character we are familiar with today.