High school chemistry, about the competition of the structure of matter

Buy a book of inorganic chemistry or basic chemistry to see, a college textbook, the simplest one....

It's a lot, but the chemical equations of organic chemistry are very regular, you just have to remember the rules.

Personally, I think the following chemical equations are more important:

1. Combustion formula for hydrocarbons (alkanes, olefins, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons).

2. Substitution reaction equation for alkanes, addition reaction equation for alkenes and alkynes.

3. The substitution reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons and the addition reaction with hydrogen are very important.

4. The oxidation reaction of alcohol, including the combustion reaction with oxygen, the oxidation reaction of alcohol with oxygen under special conditions, the reaction of elimination to form olefins, and the esterification reaction of alcohol and acid.

5. Neutralization reaction of organic acids, redox reaction with strong reducing agents (including reaction with metal elements), esterification reaction with alcohols.

6. The chemical equations involved in the characteristic experiments of aldehydes are very important, and the experimental principles and processes are also more examined.

7. The substitution reaction and elimination reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons are also important.

I only remember so much, I hope it can help you, in short, organic chemistry is very regular, and I personally think that organic chemistry experiments are more important.

1. Total number of bonds: now take a CNHN as an example, a C atom in CNHN has 4 bonds, a bond of H atom, and a bond of C atom must be linked to an H atom, so it can be seen that this carbon atom has a carbon-hydrogen bond; The other three bonds of the c atom are linked to the other carbon atoms, and this carbon atom has only 3 2 carbon-carbon bonds. There are n such carbon atoms in CNHN, so there are (1+3 2)n bonds, which is 5n 2 bonds.

2. The bonds in CNHN are composed of carbon and carbon, carbon and hydrogen, and each carbon atom has 4 bonds, of which three bonds are shared with other carbons, and the other is carbon and hydrogen; The polyhedron edge number l actually refers to the bond between carbon and carbon, cnhn contains n c atoms, carbon atoms have 4n bonds, of which 4n bonds double calculate the bond between carbon and carbon, remove the bond l between carbon and carbon, so cnhn contains a total number of bonds of 4n-l

CNHN.

A C into 4 bonds and an H into a 1 bond.

It's a total of 5n bonds, but because each bond is shared by two atoms, dividing by 2 is 5n 2 polyhedron, and there's a carbon-carbon bond on each side.

Every C is a 4 bond, which is 4N, and every carbon-carbon bond is made up of two carbon atoms, so 4N actually contains a carbon-hydrogen bond and twice as many carbon-carbon bonds, and you can subtract I.

The first law and the second law of thermodynamics (these two parts should pay attention to the process and state, and the other is the scope of application of the formula, which mainly allows you to calculate the values of various functions of different processes) statistical thermodynamics (this is very, very shallow, you can understand it in the competition).

solution (thermodynamic properties of multi-component systems, dependence of dilute solutions, and others should be less tested in competitions, but it is necessary to understand the concept of activity).

Phase equilibrium (this is the best to understand the complex phase diagram, if you can't understand it, you can know the gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram and the application in industrial distillation, and know the crystallization process).

Chemical equilibrium (activation energy, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, how to judge the temperature and pressure from the physicochemical formula, etc.).

Electrolyte solution (conductivity, electromigration, etc., to pave the way for later battery learning).

Battery, electromotive force, electrolysis (can determine the positive and negative electrodes or cathodes and cathodes of a battery or electrolytic cell, write a reasonable half-reaction, application of Faraday's formula, the relationship between the standard electrode potential and the actual electrode potential, and calculation).

Kinetics (Rate Equation, Half-Life, Law of Mass Action, Arrhenius' Formula.) If you take the test, you will not exceed a level 2 response).

Interfacial phenomena (Gibbs adsorption formula, this is not deep).

In general, it is more difficult to learn materialization, but if you can form a system, you will feel that the exam is full of floating clouds, all very simple things, and many questions in the postgraduate entrance examination can be solved. I wish you success!!

In the process of learning chemistry competition, you can combine the following two books to learn:

Physical Chemistry Core Course (Science Press), 3rd Edition, Physical Chemistry Core Course Study Guide (NTU).

A Concise Course in Physical Chemistry (Higher Education Society), 4th Edition.

Is physics mechanics chemistry, it is nothing more than doing experiments.

1. According to the principle of photoelectric effect, E = is energy, h is Planck's constant, and V is frequency.

1ev = ( 19) is the meaning of minus 19 power, the same hereinafter), Planck's constant h = so the frequency of the photon v = e h =

The relationship between wavelength, velocity, and frequency is =c v, which is the wavelength, c is the speed of light, that is, 3*10 8m s, and v is the frequency.

So the wavelength of light is required = 3*10 8 , because 1m = 10 9nm, so = according to Einstein's mass-energy equation e=mc 2, the mass of the photon m = e c 2 = can be obtained

momentum p=mc=

2. The energy of a photon e=hv=hc=

And the energy emitted by a sodium vapor lamp per second'=pt=100*1=100j, so the number of photons, n=e'/e=100/

Because significant figures are not carefully chosen, there may be deviations from the standard answers, but orders of magnitude are certainly not a problem.

You've already understood the first question.

The key is that T1, T2, T3, and T4 are connected at the same vertices

t1 is the structure of the structural unit that is connected to the vertex phase wheel --- the various structures in 7-1.

t2 is the common vertex of the structural unit--- note that only the x of the 4 vertices is shared, and the middle one is not.

The rest is the same. So.

t2---a is 4, 1+(1+2)=4, x is 4*1 2+6=8, that is, a4x8, abbreviated as ax2

t3---a is 10, 1+(1+2)+(1+2+3)=10, x is 4*1 2+16=18, that is, a10x18

t4---a has one more layer, 10 + (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 20, x is 4 * 1 2 + 3 + 6 + 10 + (2 + 3 + 4 + 3) = 33, that is, a20x33

I miss it so much, the original question of the early Chinese competition the year before last! It is T1 and T1 co-fixed-point connected sedan chair, T2 and T2 co-fixed-point slow connection.

Since the vertex x atom connects two A atoms, it is only half in each unit cell.

The chemical formula is calculated from the number of various atoms in the unit cell.

The National High School Chemistry Competition is divided into two stages: the National High School Chemistry Competition (Provincial Division), referred to as the preliminary round; and the "National High School Student Chemistry Competition" referred to as the finals.

1. The preliminary round is held in mid-September every year, and the written test (3 hours) will be held at the same time in several examination rooms in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions at the same time.

2. The finals will be held in a winter camp before the Spring Festival of the following year, which is divided into two rounds: theoretical competition (4 hours) and experimental competition (4-5 hours).

The contestants who participated in the preliminary round of the National High School Student Chemistry Competition were ordinary high school students. Be under 20 years of age before the next year's international competition. The number of finalists is 5 from each province, municipality and autonomous region.

Students who participate in the National High School Student Chemistry Competition (Provincial Division) and win the first prize shall not exceed 1% of the total number of students, and they can be qualified as university guaranteed students.

The process of the high school chemistry competition is divided into 3 parts: preliminaries, preliminary rounds, and finals.

The examination time of the preliminaries varies from province to province, generally from March to May each year, and the provinces themselves propose, only the theory is tested and not the experiment, usually for the college entrance examination questions + a small number of competition questions. Those who pass the preliminary round can be qualified for the national junior high school (preliminary round of the chemistry competition).

The preliminary competition is usually held on a Sunday at the end of August and the beginning of September, and the Chinese Chemical Society unifies the proposition, only the theory is tested and the experiment is not tested, and the preliminary examination of the chemistry competition contains three major knowledge modules, namely: basic principles of chemistry (including analysis), basic organic chemistry, inorganic elements and crystal structure, and the difficulty is much greater than that of the preliminary round.

The final is held at the end of November every year, and the exam is divided into two parts: theory + experiment, and the difficulty of the theoretical part is much greater than that of the preliminary round.

It is recommended that you continue to engage in the Information Olympiad.

The first point: You can enter the provincial team in the information Olympiad It means that you are very good at this If you put in a lot of effort to continue studying, it will be easy to get a medal, and even if you win a bronze medal, you will definitely be able to submit it (unless your cultural class grades are unimaginably bad).

The second point: if you want to teach yourself the Chemistry Olympiad, you can get the National One, which is basically impossible (unless you are a once-in-a-millennium genius), but if you really want to do chemistry, then you have to go to the Olympiad, and it's hard to say whether you can get the National One.

So, I suggest that you continue to engage in the leagues of the Information Olympiad to have a better chance of success.

The above-mentioned "national one" is what you refer to as "province one" and different places have different names.

I've also participated in the Olympiad of Information and Chemistry, and I'm kind of a person who has come before, and that's my advice to you.

If you still have questions, you can communicate with me individually.

And most importantly, if you decide to continue with the Information Olympiad, don't think about the Chemistry Olympiad, and if you decide to do the Chemistry Olympiad, don't think about the Chemistry Olympiad.

Isn't it the NOI exam next April?

If you were in the exam at that time, wouldn't you be in the provincial team or what would you do?

Well, I'll admit I was wrong......

Please send me your province and your NIOP ranking, otherwise it will not be good for you.

Then I advise you that the information Olympiad ends here, and it is enough to have one country.

Next, you go and talk to your school's Chemistry Olympiad coach (this is an important step to do anyway).

Ask him what he should do: It's best to get into the Olympiad (if your school is not bad, it's not too much of a problem to get into the Osaban and win the national award).

When the time comes, you will win a national award in chemistry (it doesn't have to be a national one), and there will be absolutely no problem with your information being submitted to the national one.

Here's my advice for you in the Chemistry Olympiad::

First, I'll have to look at the Olympiad outline (I have it in my library.)

Then you can buy "Principles of General Chemistry", Hua Tongwen, Peking University Press (this is what our school uses in the Olympiad training) and a book dedicated to metachemical knowledge (usually take it out from time to time to take a look at the knowledge you think is important), there should be no problem.

Other than that. 1. If what your Chemistry Olympiad coach tells you is different from what I tell you, then your and other words shall prevail.

2. The Olympiad only provides you with the qualifications to submit, and you have to take the escort exam of the university you want to go to by yourself, so the cultural class cannot be completely left behind.

3. When the Olympiad conflicts with the cultural class, you have to weigh it yourself, and when you don't know what to do, you can ask your teacher.

Let's buy two books first: Wu Guoqing's Inorganic Chemistry, Fourth Edition.

Xing Qiyi's "Organic Chemistry".

Then take a look for yourself and do the contest questions.

It takes at least half a year to a year of hard training.

Good luck.

It is recommended that you take a look at organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry at the university. That's how I saw it at the time, I'm a province one.

For a year, I think if you could spare two hours a day to read chemistry. That's absolutely no problem.

If you want to participate, act now. The exam will be on September 12 next year, and it won't be a year. Move fast.

Inorganic Chemistry, Fourth Edition. Higher Education Press. Matching workbook "Inorganic Learning Questions and Answers".

Inorganic accounts for the majority of chemistry competitions. This must be seen through. "Organic Chemistry" recommends the third edition of Hu Hongwen.

2. Study the syllabus. Cross out the part of the competition that is not tested.

3. Do real test questions. Find out how well you are learning by doing questions. There is a full set of past papers from 1988-2010 that can be downloaded online. It is also possible to buy a book. It's called "High School Chemistry Olympiad Real Test Questions National League Paper".

Personally, I think that the 1988-1996 National Initial Questions are too old and have been cited a lot in various places, so I only do the ones from 1997 to 2010.