Who knows who boldly questions the people who keep exploring

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was a Polish Renaissance Polish astronomer, mathematician, doctor of canon law, and priest. At the age of 40, Copernicus proposed heliocentrism, which denied the authority of the Church and changed man's view of nature and himself, when the Roman Catholic Church mistakenly believed that his heliocentrism violated the Bible. However, Copernicus still firmly believed in heliocentrism, and believed that heliocentrism did not contradict the Bible, and after many years of observation and calculation, he completed his great work "Theory of the Movement of the Heavenly Bodies".

In 1533, at the age of 60, Copernicus gave a series of lectures in Rome, but it was not until he was nearing his prime. It was only on May 24, 1543, on the day of his death that he received a copy of his book from the publisher. Copernicus's "heliocentrism" dealt a heavy blow to the cosmology of the Church, which was a great victory in the struggle between materialism and idealism.

Copernicus was a giant of the European Renaissance. He devoted his life to the study of astronomy, leaving a legacy for future generations. Copernicus' remains were reburied on May 22, 2010 at the Cathedral in Ronbourg, Poland.

Bruno's lowering of the Sun from the center of the universe to an ordinary star is a further step forward in the scientific understanding of the universe, which is a more radical repudiation of the "geocentric theory" preached by the Church and the resulting "anthropocentrism". Bruno's claims led to hundreds of Inquisitions declaring him a heretic, and the Holy See was trying to put him to death. To this end, they used despicable means to lure him back to China, imprisoned him in the dungeons of Venice and Rome for eight years, in an attempt to force him to bow his head and confess his sins, renounce his views, confess to the Church, condemn himself, and surrender on his knees.

However, during these 8 years of prison life, although Bruno was tortured, he did not waver in his convictions, did not give up his doctrine, and did not admit his "mistakes".On February 17, 1600, Bruno was burned at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori. Bruno enthusiastically propagated materialism and atheism, spreading Copernican doctrine throughout Europe, making him the most resolute and courageous fighter against the church and scholasticism.

Chen Jingrun questioned the "tower problem" in Hua Luogeng's "Theory of Stacked Prime Numbers", and put forward specific suggestions for improvement, which promoted the development of mathematics.

Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Einstein.

1. It is often those who conquer destiny who are not willing to wait for the gift of chance.

From: United Kingdom Arnold: "Resignation".

Second, from philosophy, I have at least learned to be prepared to meet all kinds of fate.

From: Ancient Greece Diogenes: The Biography of Diogenes

Introduction: Diogenēs o Sinopeus (δDiogenēs, circa 412-324 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who was Diogenēs o Sinopeus.

3. Whenever there is a conflict with fate, a wise person should never complain; Just as whenever the noise of battle is heard, the brave do not make people feel annoying; For for for for both, their afflictions are their opportunities, and the brave may add to their honor, and the wise can be convinced and strengthened in their wisdom.

From: Ancient Rome Boisius: The Comfort of Philosophy

Fourth, it is often those who conquer destiny who are not willing to wait for the gift of chance.

From: United Kingdom Arnold: "Resignation".

Fifth, the word "forbearance" is the first, and all destiny can be conquered.

From: British Bacon: "The Growth of Learning".

Introduction: Francis Bacon (1561-1626), 1st Viscount St Alban, English Renaissance essayist and philosopher.

Galileo. 1564 1642), Italian physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He found.

The law of swing timeliness was proposed, and the law of free fall was proposed.

Invented the gravity scale, air thermometer, hair.

The telescope of Clario proved Copernicus.

The heliocentric theory is correct.

However, he loved the natural sciences more. His mind was filled with all sorts of questions. He kept asking his father why the smoke was rising.

He delved into Aristotle.

of writings, often.

Often lost in thought. Many of Aristotle's theories, he thought, have not been proven, so why should they be regarded as absolute truths?

Many of the whys that Galileo raised as a teenager were later answered by himself.

In Galileo's hometown of Pisa, there is a cathedral that is both majestic and ornate. One afternoon, Galileo came to visit. A priest began to give an oil lamp.

Fill it with oil and hang the lamp on the ceiling of the church.

, casually let it swing back and forth in space. Galileo saw that the chandelier began to swing in a large arc, and the arc became smaller and the speed of the swing became slower. He felt that the rhythm of the chain seemed to be regular, and although the distance between the round trips was getting smaller and smaller, the chandelier seemed to take the same amount of time to make each round trip.

There was no clock, so he pressed his pulse with his right hand and silently counted the number of times the chandelier swung his pulse once. He found that the time required for each swing of the chandelier was indeed the same.

Galileo's heart suddenly lit up, and he thought: "Aristotle said that it is faster to swing through a short arc than through a long arc. Was Aristotle mistaken?

He went back home to find materials and made a few pendulums. He hung the short pendulum in the house and the long pendulum on the tree, and then calculated precisely the time it took for a pendulum to move from one end of the arc to the other. The experimental results proved that the time it takes for the pendulum to swing back and forth once is determined by the length of the rope, regardless of the weight of the pendulum, and the amplitude.

Nothing to do with it. But Galileo still didn't understand. Because Aristotle said that when an object falls from a height, it speeds.

The degree is determined by weight. The heavier the object, the faster it falls. But doesn't the pendulum also fall from a high place? Why is it that as long as the rope length of the pendulum is the same, the time for the pendulum to fall to the lowest point is the same, and it has nothing to do with the weight?

He decided to go to the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

to proceed to the next step of the trial. He invented a small mechanism that allowed objects in the box to fall at the same time at the touch of a button. On the day of the trial, he asked the students to stand on the second, third, and fifth floors with the boxes and at the top of the tower, and he signaled that the students on the second floor would open the boxes and drop a 1-pound iron ball and a 10-pound iron ball from the tower at the same time.

Try it layer by layer.

After each test, iron balls of different weights reached the ground at the same time.

The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa became a historical witness to Galileo's overthrow of Aristotle's erroneous theory of falling bodies.

The 26-year-old Einstein dared to question the primitive human notions of time, thus opening the door to a new physics to the microcosm. The rest is ditto.

1. Bruno, the natural scientist who cried out for the truth, defied the ban of the Church and boldly exposed the ignorance of religion. He organically combined the advanced natural sciences and philosophy of the time to establish his own materialist natural philosophy cosmology. He insisted on supplementing and developing the Copernican doctrine.

2. Copernicus lowered the earth from the center of the universe to a planet in the solar system, thus shaking the foundation of Catholic theology, and Bruno lowered the sun from the center of the universe to an ordinary star, which made people's scientific understanding of the universe a step forward, which is a more complete repudiation of the "geocentric theory" propagated by the Church and the resulting "anthropocentrism".

3. Galileo challenged Aristotle, on the speed of the descent, after repeated observations, research, and experiments, Galileo found that if two objects of different weights were lowered from the same height at the same time, both would fall to the ground at the same time. So Galileo boldly challenged the views of Aristotle.

4. When SARS first came out, many medical authorities in China thought that it was chlamydia virus, but Academician Zhong Nanshan made another discovery, he boldly questioned it, repeatedly insisted on his own point of view, and believed that it was the coronavirus, which made great contributions to the rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients at that time.

In the second half of the century, the scientific authority of the world was Newton. Newton believed that light was a stream of particles, and used it to explain the phenomenon of linear propagation, specular reflection, and interfacial refraction of light However, Huygens held a different view, he did not follow the crowd, did not believe in authority, and insisted on independent opinions With the deepening of research, by the beginning of the 19th century, the wave theory prevailed over the particle theory.

Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, and after many years of observation and calculation, he completed his great work "The Theory of the Motion of the Heavenly Bodies". Copernicus's "heliocentrism" dealt a heavy blow to the Church's cosmology - geocentrism, which was a great victory in the struggle between materialism and idealism.

There is no more difficult art than life, because for other arts or studies, there are teachers everywhere. — Senezhan.

Card life is not. It is a pleasure, but it is a very heavy work. —Tolstoy, whoever plays with life, will achieve nothing; Whoever does not have control over himself will always be a slave. — Goethe.

We need to turn life into a scientific dream, and then turn the dream into reality. - Marie Curie wants to experience life, she must grasp reality and believe in reality. — The life of the Latit is short, but if it is lived vilely, it is too long.

—Shakespeare.

A very representative example is the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Experimental Aristotle.

It is thought that the heavy object will reach the ground first, and Galileo.

Just be bold and doubtful!

Legend has it that in 1590, the Italian physicist Galileo, who was born in Pisa, did a free fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and threw two spheres of different weights from the same height at the same time, resulting in the two lead balls falling to the ground at the same time, thus discovering the law of free fall, overturning Aristotle's previous belief that a heavy object will reach the ground first, and the speed of the falling body is proportional to its mass.

One possible story is:

There was a famous scientist who had a great reputation in his field, but he did not dare to question a theory that he thought was close to the truth. This theory was developed by his team over the years of research and has been widely accepted and applied. However, he did not have the courage to challenge this theory because he was afraid that his doubts would damage his reputation and even lead to failure.

Eventually, another scientist discovered its flaws while working on this theory and came up with a new one, which was widely accepted. As a result, the scientist, who had previously been afraid to question it, lost his research and reputation, because he did not have the courage to challenge a widely accepted theory.

This story teaches us that sometimes we need the courage to question widely accepted views in order to get closer to the truth.

When Wotamer studied how the secretion of pancreatic juice is regulated, after the results that are contrary to the authority, he is confined to the conclusion, misses the truth, and is preempted by others (just a brief description, you can search for details