Was iron introduced to China from abroad???

No, China's territory is vast, the land is vast, and the iron resources are abundant, but the iron-smelting technology is relatively backward, after the Shang Dynasty, the main development is copper smelting, such as making bronzes, that is, their bronzes are mainly used for sacrifices, the Shang Dynasty has many tripods, almost all of them are made of copper; At that time, iron was mainly used in agriculture. In the Qing Dynasty, with the development of industry, iron-smelting technology developed rapidly, iron was mainly used in machinery and equipment, of course, it was rarely used in agriculture, and later the iron-smelting industry developed faster and faster. Therefore, China has had iron since ancient times, but a little bit of iron smelting technology has been introduced.

The advent of iron tools led to epoch-making progress in human history. The first people in the world to make artificial iron were the Hittites, who lived in Asia Minor, around 1400 BC. 1300 BC Iron smelting was introduced to the valley of the Two Rivers and ancient Egypt in 1100 BC, and parts of Europe also entered the Iron Age around 1000 BC.

However, at that time, all smelting was a block of iron, and it was not until the end of the Middle Ages (around 1400) that the smelting of pig iron appeared after the invention of hydraulic blast furnaces in Europe.

The date of the use of iron tools in China is still uncertain. The earliest archaeological discoveries of iron tools belong to the Spring and Autumn Period, most of which were found in the Changsha area of Hunan Province. After the middle of the Warring States period, the unearthed iron tools spread throughout the seven countries at that time, applied to all aspects of social production and life, and occupied a major position in the agriculture and handicraft sectors.

Iron tools from the Warring States period were also introduced to Japan via Korea. During the Western Han Dynasty, the area of iron tools was more vast, the types and quantities of tools increased significantly, and the quality was improved. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, iron eventually replaced bronze.

According to the metallographic examination of early ironware, it is possible that Chinese block iron and pig iron were produced at the same time. From the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the beginning of the Warring States Period, it was an important development stage in the history of iron smelting in the Warring States Period. At this time, the early block iron has been improved to block carburized steel, and the white pig iron has developed into malleable cast iron.

By the middle of the Western Han Dynasty at the latest, gray iron and cast iron decarburized steel emerged, followed by a new process of pig iron frying steel (including wrought iron). During the Eastern Han Dynasty, frying steel and 100 steel making continued to develop, and the steel filling process of miscellaneous smelting and raw steel came out in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. So far, the ancient smelting technology system with Chinese characteristics has been basically established.

Before artificial iron smelting, many peoples in the world with an earlier culture had a history of occasionally using meteorite iron tools. In the tombs of ancient Egyptian pre-dynasties, meteorite tubular beads have been found; In the tomb of the 11th Dynasty, a meteorite iron amulet with a silver handle was unearthed. Fragments of meteorite iron have also been unearthed from the tomb of King of your in the valley of the two rivers.

Arrowheads, knives, and tools made of meteorite iron were used in several ancient cultural centers in the Americas. In the Taixi ruins of the Shang Dynasty in China and the tomb of the Liujiahe merchants, copper Yue forged with meteorite iron was also found. But meteorite iron is meteor iron that falls from celestial bodies, and the nature of artificial iron is fundamentally different from that of artificial ironmaking.

There is no necessary connection between meteoric iron making and the invention of artificial ironmaking.

No, it was invented by China itself, but China has many world rankings that were not recognized at the beginning.

So, in the general history of the globe.

China's iron is not recognized by the world.

Iron was not imported from abroad, and iron tools were already used on a large scale in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The general history of the world is about modern steel-smelting technology.

Of course not. In ancient times, transportation was not so developed, and it was enough to transport iron for long distances. It's not cotton silk.

Iron tools have been used for a long time, all over the world, but because iron is too brittle, bronze is used.

No, it was first invented and used by our ancestors.

This is not recorded in the Heavenly Creations or earlier books.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the army used steel products.

The date of the use of iron tools in China is still uncertain. The earliest archaeological finds of iron tools belong to the Spring and Autumn Period.

China has been using iron farming tools as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period!

It was invented independently by China itself.

The ancients discovered it themselves and smelted it themselves, and iron was a rarity at that time, mainly bronze.

During the Han Dynasty, silk and tea were introduced to the West through the Silk Road. During the Tang and Song dynasties, ceramics were introduced to the West through the Maritime Silk Road. During the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, our four great inventions were introduced to the West, and it is difficult to count the westward transmission of Chinese products and technologies that represent Eastern civilization.

Western rare birds and animals, jewelry, spices, glassware, gold and silver currency have been transmitted, Central Asia, West Asia dress, food and other lifestyles, **, dance and other cultural and entertainment activities have entered the Central Plains.

The Maritime Silk Road was formed during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The South China Sea route, which sails westward from China, is the main line of the Maritime Silk Road. At the same time, there was an East China Sea route eastward from China to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, which occupied a secondary position in the Maritime Silk Road.

The Southern Land Silk Road is the "Shu Body Poison Road", which is also known as the Alpine and Valleys Silk Road because it passes through the Hengduan Mountains. About the 4th century B.C., the Central Plains were divided, and a Silk Road was opened between Shu (now the West Sichuan Plain) and the body poison, which lasted for more than two centuries and was not known by the Central Plains, so some people called it the Secret Silk Road.

The Steppe Silk Road refers to the trade channel between the Mongolian steppe and the Eurasian continent, and is an important part of the Silk Road.

The Silk Road refers to the land passage opened by Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC - 8 AD), starting from Chang'an (now Xi'an), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the countries of the Mediterranean Sea (this road is also known as the "Northwest Silk Road" to distinguish it from the other two transportation routes with the name of "Silk Road" in the future). Silk products were the most influential among the goods transported west by this road, hence the name.

Just like the name of the "Silk Road", along with porcelain from China, silk became a symbol of a powerful East Asian civilization at that time, along with porcelain of more than 7,000 kilometers. In addition, lapis lazuli from Afghanistan continued to flow into Europe and Asia as caravans marched. The spread of grapes, walnuts, carrots, peppers, beans, spinach (also known as Persian cuisine), cucumbers (known as courgettes in the Han Dynasty), pomegranates, etc., added more choices to the daily diet of East Asians.

The wines of the Western Regions have been integrated into the traditional Chinese wine culture through historical development. The caravans mainly shipped iron, gold, silver, mirrors, and other luxury items from China. Rare animals and birds, plants, hides, medicinal herbs, spices, and jewelry were shipped to China.

Papermaking has made a great contribution to the ancient Chinese science and technology ahead of the world, but it seems that only some countries in East and South Asia have developed a developed paper industry. With the opening of the Silk Road, paper products began to appear in the Western Regions and beyond. Ancient Chinese printing was also one of the techniques that gradually spread westward along the Silk Road.

In Dunhuang, Turpan and other places, woodcut plates and some paper products used for engraving printing have been discovered. Among them, the carved remnants of the Diamond Sutra from the Tang Dynasty are still preserved in the United Kingdom. This indicates that printing had spread to Central Asia at least during the Tang Dynasty.

In the 13th century, many European travelers came to China along the Silk Road and brought this technology back to Europe. In the 15th century, the European Gutenberg used printing to print a Bible. In 1466, the first printing house appeared in Italy, and this technique of facilitating the spread of culture soon spread throughout Europe.

According to records from Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, potatoes were introduced to China in the 16th century.

Potatoes are native to the Andes Mountains of South America. The earliest history of artificial cultivation dates back to southern Peru. At an altitude of 3,800 meters above sea level in the Andes, in the Lake Titicaca region, it was probably the first place where potatoes were planted.

About 7,000 years ago, an Indian tribe migrated from the east to the cold Andes, and they were the first to discover and eat wild potatoes.

In the mid-16th century, Spanish colonists from South America brought potatoes to Europe. At that time, people always appreciated the beauty of its flowers and used it as an ornament.

It is difficult to determine exactly when and where potatoes were introduced to China. According to the records of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, potatoes were introduced to China in the 16th century.

Potato (scientific name: Solanum tuberosum L.).), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Solanaceae family, with edible tubers, is the fourth most important food crop in the world, after wheat, rice and corn.

Potatoes are also known as ground eggs, potatoes, potato, etc., and are the tubers of Solanaceae plants. Together with wheat, rice, corn and sorghum, it has become the world's top five crops.

Potatoes are native to the Andes Mountains of South America and can be cultivated in southern Peru from about 8000 to 5000 BC.

The main potato producers are China, Russia, India, Ukraine, the United States, etc. China is the world's largest producer of potatoes.

In 2015, China will launch the strategy of turning potatoes into staple foods, promoting the processing of potatoes into staple foods such as steamed bread, noodles and rice noodles, and potatoes will become another staple food in addition to rice, wheat and corn.

There are many stews in China, and the iron pot is suitable for each other, and the iron pot is not real, and the iron ions that the body needs are not the same as the iron ions on the pot.

Long-term use of iron pot stir-fry cooking can effectively prevent iron deficiency anemia, and foreign countries have always used more aluminum products.

China's famous iron pot should be cast iron iron pot, while foreign countries mostly use fine iron iron pots.

Crazy Iron is the most famous mercenary in the Alcana.

Admittedly, in fact, China's "four great inventions" were "summarized" by foreigners.

The "Three Great Inventions" were first proposed by the 17th-century English philosopher Francis Bacon. Bacon believed that the three inventions of printing, gunpowder, and the compass had changed the whole face and situation of things in the world: the first in scholarship, the second in warfare, and the third in navigation, and thus brought about innumerable changes.

Bacon's statement was endorsed by the English sinologist Maddox and the revolutionary mentor Marx.

Maddox pointed out: "The Chinese's talent for invention has long been manifested in many aspects. The three major inventions of the Chinese have provided an extraordinary impetus for the development of European civilization. ”

The first to add papermaking to these three inventions was the missionary and sinologist Joseph Eyjose, who compared Japan and China and noted that "we must always remember that they [Japan] did not have such great inventions as printing, paper, the compass, and gunpowder......This list of inventions was later developed by the famous British historian of science and technology, Joseph Needham.

Maybe Koreans will one day say that they invented the "Four Great Inventions".

Not necessarily. I met a Japanese man who told me that paper was invented by the Japanese. Almost didn't fight.

In the eyes of foreigners, each of China's "new four major inventions" has been praised by the world.

On the Silk Road, many things from the ancient West were introduced to China. For example: grapes, walnuts, carrots, peppers, beans, cabbage (also known as Persian cuisine), cucumbers (known as courgettes in the Han Dynasty), pomegranates, etc.

There are many things that have been imported and transplanted from the East and the West, such as medicine, dance, martial arts, and some famous animals and plants, all of which have increased the horizons of both sides. During the Han Dynasty, Xi named things imported from the West with Hu characters, such as huqin, courgette, carrot, etc.; In the Tang Dynasty, it was customary to name their names with sea characters, such as begonia, sea pomegranate, sea pearl (Persian Gulf pearl), etc. According to the "Tang Huidian", the Tang Dynasty had exchanges with more than 300 countries and regions, and the number of guests from all over the world who came to Chang'an, the world's largest metropolis, via the Silk Road every year, was tens of thousands, and thousands settled in Guangzhou alone.

Significance of the Silk Road:

It has promoted the exchange of cultures, commodities and religions between the East and the West. It has led to the development of the economy.

The "Silk Road" refers to the ancient commercial route that began in ancient China and connected Asia, Africa and Europe. The Silk Road in the narrow sense generally refers to the overland Silk Road. Broadly speaking, it is divided into the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road.

The "Overland Silk Road" is a land commercial passage connecting the hinterland of China and Europe, formed between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD, and is still in use until the 16th century, which is a major road for economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions to form its basic arterial roads. It started from Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty (Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and went to Dunhuang through the Hexi Corridor.

From Dunhuang, it is divided into two roads: the south road from Dunhuang through Loulan, Khotan, Shache, through the green mountains of Pamir to Dayueshi, rest, to the west to Tiaozhi, Daqin; The north road goes from Dunhuang to Jiaohe, Qiuci and Shule, crosses the Green Mountains to Dawan, and goes west to Daqin via Anxi. Its original role was to transport silk produced in ancient China.

Therefore, when the German geographer Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen first named it the "Silk Road" in the 70s of the 19th century, it was widely accepted.

The "Maritime Silk Road" is a sea passage for ancient China and foreign countries to communicate and cultural exchanges, and the road is mainly centered on the South China Sea, so it is also known as the South China Sea Silk Road. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and changed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is the oldest known maritime route.