Optical fluctuations say who came up with it

The earliest one that is well documented is Christian. Huygens! It is-for-tat with Newton's particle theory, but the limitations of history are suppressed! Later, Thomas Young and Augustine let Fresnel confirm the wave nature of light through double-slit interference experiments!

1. The representative of the theory of particles of light is "Newton".

Regarding the nature of light, Newton believed that light is a stream of particles composed of mechanical particles like small projectiles, and luminous objects continuously emit a stream of light particles flying in a straight line at high speed into the surrounding space, and once these light particles enter the human eye and impact the retina, they cause vision, which is the particle theory of light.

2. It was "Huygens" who put forward the theory of the wave of light.

At the end of the 17th century, Huygens proposed the theory of the fluctuation of light. In his published monograph On Light, Huygens argues that the movement of light is not the movement of material particles but the movement of a medium, i.e., fluctuations.

3. It was "Maxwell" who proposed the electromagnetic theory of light.

The electromagnetic theory of light is a modern theory about the nature of light, proposed by Maxwell in the 60s of the 19th century. Think of light as electromagnetic waves with frequencies in a certain range. It can explain the propagation, interference, diffraction, scattering, polarization and other phenomena of light, as well as the laws of interaction between light and matter.

4. It is "Einstein" that proposed the photon.

The photon theory was proposed by Albert Einstein. A photon (also known as a quantum of light) is a particle with zero mass at rest and has energy and momentum.

Answer: Newton, Huygens, Maxwell, Einstein.

Wave optics is a very important component of optics, including the interference of light.

Diffraction of light, polarization of light.

Both theory and application occupy an important position in physics. Under the action of a light field or other alternating electric field, a particle produces a vibrating dipole that emits a secondary wave. This model is used to illustrate the absorption and dispersion of light.

Phenomena such as scattering, magneto-optical, electro-optical, and even the emission of light are also the contents of general wave optics. Electromagnetic wave.

The theoretical application to crystals is called crystal optics. The wavelength of the light wave is about cm, and the general obstacle or pore is much larger than this, so it usually shows the phenomenon of linear propagation of light. During this period, some optical phenomena related to the wave nature of light were also discovered, such as Grimaldi's first discovery that light travels away from a straight line when it encounters an obstacle, which he named "diffraction".

Hook and RBoyle.

The interference phenomenon now known as Newton's rings was observed. These discoveries became the starting point for the history of wave optics. For more than 100 years after the 17th century, the theory of particles of light (see the duality of light) was dominant, and the wave theory was not accepted by most people, and it was not until the 19th century that the wave theory of light developed rapidly.

Geometric optics is an important practical sub-discipline in optics that studies the propagation and imaging laws of light based on light. In geometric optics, the point of matter that makes up an object is regarded as a geometric point, and the beam of light emitted by it is regarded as a collection of countless geometric rays, and the direction of the light represents the direction of propagation of light energy. Under this assumption, according to the law of light propagation, it is very convenient and practical to study the process of objects being imaged by lenses or other optical elements, as well as to design the optical system of optical instruments.

Light is a kind of wave" which scientist mentions the emanation () aDescartes.

b.Cavendi Lease Nexus.

c.Huygens!

d.Maxwell.

Correct answer: c

The scientist who proposed the wave theory of light was (c Huygens).

Newton speculated that the speed of light became higher at high densities, and Huygens and others felt the opposite. However, there were no conditions to accurately measure the speed of light at that time, until 1850, when Leon Foucault's experiments yielded the same results as wave theory. And it was at this moment that classical particle theory was truly abandoned.

The weakness of wave theory lies in the fact that waves, similar to sound waves, require a medium for propagation. Although there was a hypothesis of luminous aether, it was also strongly questioned by the 19th-century experiments of Michael Murray.

Historically, in order to explain the nature of light, Newton proposed the particle theory of light, and Huygens proposed the wave theory of light

Geometrical optics and physical optics are the two basic classifications of optics.

To put it simply, geometric optics is the study of optics by geometric methods, mainly focusing on the large-scale propagation of light, including the geometric characteristics of light under optical elements such as plane mirrors and lenses. For example, focus, main optical axis, convergence, divergence. This is especially true for the imaging of objects under the optics.

Physical optics is based on the theory of electromagnetic waves, mainly the knowledge of Maxwell's electromagnetic equations, to qualitatively analyze the generation of light, the reflection and refraction of light on different electrolyte surfaces, and the polarization of light. In addition, the diffraction and interference problems of light are systematically discussed, and the results of optical phenomena such as Francofeild diffraction of near-field optics are analyzed by mathematical tools.

Geometric optics bias application, physical optics bias theory**.

In the end, the wave optics you mentioned is actually modern physics, especially after the establishment of quantum mechanics, optics borrowed Schrödinger's concept of wave function to process light waves into a mathematical wave function, and through mathematical analysis methods such as Fourier analysis, so as to explain some basic content of physical optics and explain some phenomena and conclusions.

If you are interested in learning about optics, it is recommended to look for relevant professional books, but you need a foundation in calculus mathematics in the first year of college.

Wave Optics: Electromagnetic waves (with wavelength, frequency, phase, period), which are the essence of light, to study and explain the interference, diffraction and polarization phenomena of light.

Geometrical optics: All optical phenomena should be able to be explained by the concept of waves, including the phenomenon of linear propagation of light. However, it would be more convenient to study the problems of linear propagation, especially reflection, refractive imaging, etc., if the concepts of wavelength, phase and other fluctuations are replaced by the concepts of light and wave surface, and geometric methods are used.

This is what geometrical optics is all about. Of course, this only applies if the linearity of the wave surface is much greater than the wavelength.

Optics includes: geometric optics, wave optics, quantum optics and modern optics.

Well, I'm a freshman in high school, so you can refer to what I said.

I can't give a definition, but I'll give you my understanding.

When light passes through a large space, it can be analyzed as a straight line in a geometric sense, which is called geometric optics.

When light passes through a very small space (you should know that light is an electromagnetic wave, then it has the nature of a wave, like a wave), the size of the space through which it passes is less than the wavelength of light, and the light cannot be as smooth as through a large space, then the light cannot be regarded as a straight line in a geometric sense, it will have some performance that is very different from ordinary life, you can check the diffraction of light and other phenomena, this is wave optics.

In general, geometric optics is to look at light as a straight line at the macro level, and wave optics to look at light as a wave at the micro level.

Khan scribble.

Geometrical Optics – The wavelength can be seen as extremely short, the wave effect is not obvious, and the energy travels along the light. Obey the laws of linear propagation, reflection, and refraction of light.

Wave optics – the study of the wave properties of light: interference, diffraction, polarization.

Wave optics: based on wave theory, it studies the propagation of light and the interaction between light and matter, including interference, diffraction and polarization of light;

Geometrical optics: Based on light, it studies the propagation and imaging laws of light, including the law of light propagation along a straight line, the law of reflection and refraction.

The electromagnetic field associated with the propagation of visible light is characterized by very fast vibrations (frequency of 10 seconds) or very short wavelengths (10-15 cm). It can therefore be expected that, in this case, a good first-order approximation of the law of light propagation can be obtained by completely ignoring the finite magnitude of the wavelength. It has been found that this approach is perfectly appropriate for many optical problems.

In optics, wavelengths can be ignored, i.e. this branch equivalent to the 0 0 limit case, is often called geometrical optics, since under this approximation the laws of optics can be expressed in the language of geometry. A simplest typical example of the phenomenon of diffraction – the diffraction of a single slit is a diffraction of Frian and Fei. It contains many of the main features of diffraction phenomena.

The light from the light source S (e.g., a laser) is projected directly onto a slit through the beam expander L1 of the telescope system. Place a lens L2 behind the slit, then place the screen F in the focal plane of the lens L2'f, alternating light and dark diffraction patterns will be produced. It is characterized by a particularly bright stripe in **, and some bright stripes of less intensity are arranged on both sides.

There is a dark stripe between the adjacent bright stripes. If the width of the bright stripe is taken as the interval between adjacent dark stripes, the bright stripes on both sides are of equal width, and the width of the ** bright stripes is twice that of the other stripes. The angle at which the bright stripe opens to the center of the lens is called the angular width.

**Bright stripes and other bright stripes do not have equal corner widths. **The angle of the bright stripe is equal to 2 b (b is the width of the seam), which is equal to 2 times the width of the corner of the other bright stripes. Then the width of the half width of the gin δ = b, which is exactly equal to the width of the other glines.

Since the bright spot concentrates most of the light energy, its half-angle width can be used as a measure of the strength of the diffraction effect. The equation δ = b tells us that for a given wavelength, δ is inversely proportional to the slit width b, i.e., the greater the confinement of the beam on the wavefront, the more diffuse the diffraction field, and the wider the diffraction spot spreads; Conversely, when the slit width is large and the beam travels almost freely, it δ 0, indicating that the diffraction field is basically concentrated in the direction of propagation along a straight line, and the diffraction spot shrinks into a geometric optical image point in the focal plane of the lens. The equation δ = b also tells us that the δ is proportional to , and the longer the wavelength, the more significant the diffraction effect. The shorter the wavelength, the negligible diffraction effect.

So geometric optics is an approximation of b>>, or an approximation of 0. In addition to the law of linear propagation, the other two laws that are the basis of geometrical optics, the law of reflection and the law of refraction, are also approximate only under very small conditions, so the scope of application of the principle of geometrical optics is limited, and it needs to be replaced by a more rigorous wave theory when necessary. However, because the method of geometrical optics is much simpler, and it is accurate enough for many practical problems encountered in various optical instruments, geometric optics is an important theoretical basis for various optical instruments.

Light behaves as particles, i.e., photons, when it interacts with an object.

Light exhibits volatility as it travels.

When not interacting with an object, the photon does not have a clear position and trajectory in space. At this point, the concept of photons does not make any sense.

Only when interacting with an object does the photon appear randomly according to the principle of probability waves, and its location is theoretically unpredictable.

Any kind of microscopic particle has the above properties, which is wave-particle duality.