Who came up with the theory of plate tectonics?

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[Plate theory, continental drift is an out-and-out shocking **].

The formation of land by the sedimentation of water completely negates the continental drift, the formation of new land is related to the sedimentation of water areas into new land, the formation of water by land is also related to water, water covers a large area of land, and land becomes water, which is the transformation of water and land, and continental drift has nothing to do with it, the change and redistribution of land and water in the landform is related to water, in the final analysis, it is the action of water that changes the distribution structure of land and water on the earth, and the emergence of new land is the water retreating, the land is gone, it is the water covering, It's not land drifting.

If the continents are drifting and the plates are moving, for the Himalayas, under the huge force of plate movement, the Himalayas will also move on a large scale, but all the geological textbooks, materials, and data do not have a little bit of information, and the Himalayas ** drift? Like which direction to drift? How far has it drifted? In the process of drifting, is there a landslide?

Again, regarding the order of lakes and basins, the two disciplines give two answers.

Geography: first there are lakes, then there are basins. Objective facts and experiments lead to the conclusion of geology: first there are basins, then there are lakes, which is based on the theory of plates.

In order to lie the "plate theory", structural geology has fabricated various types of basin formation, but however, there is only one kind of basin formation, that is, there is sedimentation in lakes and waters, as long as there is a sedimentation rate, the bottom of lakes and waters will rise over time, and eventually form marshland, land, and then transform into basins. This sentence is the key ***

Such a ridiculous answer came as no one expected. Errors in basic cognition will inevitably involve the correctness of various theories that follow. Well, the occurrence of this blind spot is extremely serious.

Next, the uplift and subsidence of the earth's crust can only form negative topography, not basins, uplift and subsidence can not form a sedimentary structure, and the sedimentary layer is a process formed over hundreds of thousands of years, and the uplift and subsidence of the earth's crust cannot complete the sedimentary process.

In addition, there are a large number of fish fossils, turtles and turtle egg fossils in the basin, then, before the formation of the basin must belong to the waters, otherwise, there will not be a large number of fish fossils, from the above aspects, it is concluded that the basin before the formation, is the water, not the crust is too subsidence can be completed, the cognition of structural geology is completely wrong, and it is also contrary to the view of geography.

The errors of structural geology caused the continental drift to be untenable, and the plate theory was not valid.

The theory of plate tectonics summarizes the important achievements of geophysical research such as continental drift and seafloor spreading, absorbs the new understanding of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in time, and systematically clarifies the major problems of lithospheric activity and evolution from the perspective of the global whole. The basic idea of plate tectonics theory is that in the upper layer of the solid earth, there is a relatively rigid lithosphere and a more plastic asthenosphere below; The more rigid lithosphere near the surface can be divided into several plates of different sizes, which can carry out large-scale migration on the more plastic asthenosphere. The oceanic plate is constantly reborn, and it is constantly subducting and subtracting below the continental plate; The interior of the plate is relatively stable, and the plate edge becomes a zone with strong tectonic activity due to the interaction of adjacent plates. The interaction between plates controls various geological processes on the surface and interior of the lithosphere, and also determines the basic pattern of global lithospheric movement and evolution.

The division of lithospheric plates is bounded by tectonically active plate boundaries. According to the different modes of relative motion between plates, plate boundaries can be divided into three types: divergent boundary, which refers to the axis of the ocean ridge, the plates on both sides of which move against each other, the plate boundaries are stretched and separated, and the asthenosphere material upwells and condenses into a new ocean floor lithosphere, so the discrete plate boundary is also called accretive or constructive plate boundary; Convergent boundary, i.e., a plate subduction zone or collision zone between continental plates near the ocean trench, when the ocean and continental plates converge, the oceanic plates always subduct below the continental plates and form a trench on the surface due to the high density and low position of the oceanic plates.

When the oceanic plate continues to subduct below the continental plate and gradually disappears from the surface, the continental plate behind it may collide with other continental plates of similar density, resulting in strong tectonic deformation, magma and metamorphism, and the formation of mountain ranges. Transform boundary, i.e., transition faults, in which the plates on both sides of the plate undergo horizontal shear slip, and the transition faults are generally distributed near the oceanic ridge, and sometimes can also extend to the continental margin

The proposers of the theory of plate tectonics are: French geologist Le Pichon and Mackenzie, Morgan and others. The theory of plate tectonics is based on the theory of continental drift and the theory of seafloor spreading.

According to this new theory, the Earth's surface is covered with relatively stable plates (lithospheres) that are indeed moving at a rate of 1 cm to 10 cm per year.

Since the Earth's surface area is finite, the Earth's plates are classified into three states: one is the converging plate boundaries that are close to each other; the second is the detached plate boundaries that are far away from each other; The third is the intertwined transition plate boundaries. The plates themselves do not deform, and the earth's surface activities occur intensively in these three states.

**Almost all of them are distributed on the boundary of the plate, and the volcano is also particularly near the boundary, and others such as tension cracking, magma rising, heat flux increase, large-scale horizontal dislocation, etc., also occur on the boundary line, and the crustal subduction is one of the important symbols of the collision boundary division, which shows that the plate boundary is an extremely unstable zone of the earth's crust.