Who proposed the Qing Dynasty s policy of closing the country to the outside world and why did the p

Aixin Jueluo - Hongli, that is, Qing Gaozong - Qianlong Emperor.

Because at that time, foreign merchants often came to China's coastal areas to do business and communicate with each other, so it was inevitable that there would be some illegal activities and infringement of the interests of the ruling class at that time. As a result, high tariffs were imposed to discourage foreign merchants. Of course, in hindsight, that was a very far-sighted act.

Because all Chinese dynasties (before the Qing Dynasty) have paid attention to foreign exchanges, exchanges and cultural exchanges. Regarding this point, the most typical one you can take a look at the history: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

Their reign at that time.

Emperor Qianlong. It has effectively avoided imperialist colonial aggression. But by the time of Emperor Daoguang, this policy was bombarded by the artillery fire of the British and French forces. Since then, China has been paralyzed.

Gaozu of the Qing Dynasty had already begun the policy of closing the country to the outside world, because he felt that the Ming Dynasty had already begun to implement it. In addition, we must rule our people ideologically, so the policy of closing the country can play a certain role, and the rulers at that time were too arrogant and felt that foreigners were not strong enough for us Chinese.

Self-reliance, hard work"

We are not isolated, and all countries and peoples of the world who oppose imperialism are our friends. But we emphasize self-reliance, and we can rely on the strength of our own organization to defeat all reactionaries at home and abroad.

The Empress Dowager Cixi said!

Emperor Qianlong. In 1553, the Portuguese came to Macau; In the 17th century, a group of Dutch came to Taiwan

In the face of the arrival of Western colonizers, the Qing rulers feared that the country's territory would be invaded by foreign countries, and that the frequent exchanges between the coastal people and foreigners would cause instability in their rule, so they closed themselves to the Japanese, and during the Qianlong period, they also reduced the four treaty ports to one in Guangzhou.

For the analysis of choosing A, you can refer to the previous exam questions.

Example 1(Chengdu City, 2007) The early Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of "closing the country to the outside world", which means ( ).

a.Close the pass and hold the territory bForeigners are not allowed to come to China**c

Tariffs were added and management was strengthenedStrict Restriction on External Analysis: This question examines the meaning of the retreat policy.

The policy of seclusion is not a complete isolation from the outside world, but a strict restriction on the outside world.

Answer: d

Choice A is because the policy of closing the country to the outside world is a strict restriction on foreign exchanges, not an absolute ban.

Choose A, there is a treaty port in Guangzhou.

Retreat policy. It will have a huge impact on the Chinese social stalking.

1.To a certain extent, foreign aggression has a certain national self-defense effect, which protects the feudal natural economy.

2.It has seriously hindered economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and hindered the germination of domestic capitalism.

The development of China and the world has derailed and slowly lagged behind the world. 3.It has affected the progress of science and technology, caused economic and technological backwardness, caused modern China to lag far behind the West, and caused modern China to be backward and beaten in rotation.

4.It restricts the development of foreign affairs and navigation. Fundamentally speaking, it was a policy of passive defense, a policy that went against the trend of historical development, which eventually led to the Qing Dynasty's detachment from the world trend, which further led to isolation, stagnation, and retrogression.

The Qing Dynasty's policy of seclusion had a profound impact. First, it hindered the budding and development of capitalism, and made China miss a golden opportunity for development. Second, it has caused China to be seriously out of touch with Western countries in terms of culture, economy, science and technology, and has led to a sharp decline in China's international status.

In addition, the policy of closing the country to the outside world has also restricted the development of China's foreign and maritime undertakings, making China lose its foreign advantages. However, there are also those who believe that the policy of locking down the country has brought some positive effects, such as allowing China to better maintain its independence and stability, while also helping to preserve China's traditional culture.

(1) The policy of "closing the country to the outside world": refers to the policy of strictly restricting foreign exchanges and foreign exchanges.

2) Social roots: It is not only the product of the inferior roots of the small peasant economy and feudalism, but also the manifestation of the narrowness of the Qing nation.

3) Reasons for implementation.

It is a reflection of the characteristics of the natural economy. The feudal natural economy was relatively stable, self-sufficient did not require foreign commodities, and the rulers adopted a policy of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce".

The impact of colonial expansion in Western countries. The Qing rulers feared that foreign merchants would come into contact with the coastal peoples and threaten their rule.

The national narrowness of the Qing **. The Qing Dynasty always guarded against the Han people and prevented China and foreign countries from forming an anti-Qing alliance, so they had to adopt a closed policy.

4) Implementation: After the establishment of the national government in the Qing Dynasty, the policy of seclusion was strictly implemented. Taking the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757) as the boundary, it can be roughly divided into two different periods before and after. The purpose of the sea ban in the early stage was mainly to isolate the people of the mainland from the communication with the anti-Qing forces of the Zheng clan in Taiwan, and to prevent the people from gathering at sea; In the later stage, it focused on the prevention and prohibition of "intermingling with the people", and strictly restricted foreign businessmen in the form of regulations and legislation.

In the 22nd year of Qianlong, the Qing court strictly implemented a policy of seclusion against foreign capitalist forces, and only allowed one mouth in Guangzhou. In the foreign market, the Qing Dynasty also implemented the commercial bank system, that is, the establishment of 13 banks in Guangzhou for monopoly. The Qing Dynasty only allowed a small number of wealthy businessmen to set up "public banks", which were responsible for importing and exporting with foreign businessmen, and negotiating with foreign businessmen on behalf of the Qing Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty's policy of seclusion to the outside world was a product of the feudal economy. The small-scale subsistence peasant economy, which isolated people from each other, naturally led to political isolation. In addition, the Manchu rulers were very wary of the Han Chinese people, fearing that foreigners would support Han Chinese activities against the Qing court.

At the same time, the Qing Dynasty also has various strict restrictions on Chinese who go abroad. The implementation of the policy of closing the country to the outside world has hindered the progress of Chinese society and seriously affected economic development. At the same time, it also isolated the Chinese people from the world trend and did not understand the general trend of the world, and the Qing rulers closed their eyes and ears.

In 1840, Britain finally opened the gates of China with artillery.

4) Evaluation. To a certain extent, it resisted the political and economic aggression of foreign capitalism, which was conducive to the continuation and development of China's feudal society.

It has restricted normal exchanges between China and foreign countries, brought inconvenience to the people's lives, made China lose the initiative in foreign affairs, and hindered the development of China's budding capitalism.

It has cut off the exchange of science and technology and culture between China and foreign countries, widened the gap in scientific and technological level between China and the developed capitalist countries, and made China lag behind the trend of world development.

Isolation does not weaken the power of Western capitalism, but only hinders its own development, which has led to the ignorance of the ruling class and the constant aggression of China in modern times.

(2017 Huangshi) Liang Qichao said in response to the social situation in the Mingji period: "After Zheng He, there is no Zheng He", and China is gradually detached from the world development trend. He was referring to the Ming and Qing dynasties.

2011 Huangshi) During the Ming and Qing dynasties (before the Opium War), China reached a new stage of development on the track of traditional agricultural civilization. The characteristics of the historical stages of this period can be best summarized as the prosperity of empires and the crisis on the eve of modern times.

Mainly bound by thousands of years of feudal rule, although the germ of the bourgeoisie appeared in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was far from developing as rapidly as the Western powers, so that it was finally strangled in the cradle!

The expression of arrogance is also a mistake that people can easily make.