When was the abacus invented and when was the abacus invented

Good luck all year round, treasures from all directions enter the house, the family and everything is prosperous, smooth sailing, good every year, everything goes well, and the stars shine high.

How the abacus came into being and who invented the abacus is impossible to verify, but its use should have been very early.

Regarding the origin of the abacus, it is said that it can be traced back to the late Han Dynasty and the third period, invented by Guan Yu, and it is said that China had it at that time"Abacus"。The ancients strung 10 abacus beads into a group, arranged them in groups, put them into the frame, and then quickly dialed the abacus beads to calculate. There are three main theories about the origin of the abacus:

1. The Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties said. Qing Dynasty mathematician Mei Qizhao believes that the abacus originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, based on the Eastern Han Dynasty mathematician Xu Yue's "Records of Mathematics" recorded 14 kinds of algorithms, of which the thirteenth is the abacus, and later the Northern Dynasty mathematician Zhen Luan made a detailed annotation on the abacus. However, some scholars believe that this abacus is only a simple addition and subtraction algorithm, and cannot be compared with the abacus we later mentioned.

2, Yuan Ming said. Qing Dynasty scholar Qian Daxin believes that the abacus originated in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty and was widely used during the Ming Dynasty. Tao Zongyi of the Yuan Dynasty has already recorded the use of abacus scenes in the "Nancun Dropout Record", and many books in the Ming Dynasty have records about abacus, which shows that the application of abacus has been quite common in this period.

However, whether the abacus appeared during this period is debatable to some scholars.

3, Tang Song said. With the in-depth study of historical materials, many scholars believe that abacus originated in the Tang Dynasty and was popular in the Song Dynasty. Basis 1, in the Song Dynasty's "Qingming Riverside Map", an abacus has appeared on the counter of a shop, and the abacus recorded in many books of the Song and Yuan dynasties has been very proficient.

In the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, the economy has been very developed, and it is very possible that the abacus came into being at this time.

One said that it can be traced back to the end of the Han Dynasty and the third period, invented by Guan Yu, and it is said that China had it at that time"Abacus"。The ancients strung 10 abacus beads into a group, arranged them in groups, put them into the frame, and then quickly dialed the abacus beads to calculate.

However, according to public information, the word "abacus" was first seen in the "Records of Mathematics" written by Xu Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in which there is a cloud: "The abacus controls four times, and the longitude and latitude are three talents." Zhen Luan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty made a note for this, to the effect that:

The wooden board is carved into three parts, the upper and lower parts are used for stopping the beads, and the middle part is used for positioning.

Each person has 5 beads, and the upper bead and the lower four beads are distinguished by color, which is later called "file". One bead on the top is five, and four beads on the bottom are one for each bead. And today's explanation is:

The abacus is rectangular, with a thin rod embedded in the wooden frame, and the abacus beads are strung on the rod, and the abacus beads can be dialed up and down along the thin rod to complete the arithmetic operation by dialing the abacus beads by hand.

The arithmetic chip that appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period in China is the oldest calculation tool in the world. When calculating, two kinds of numbers are arranged in vertical and horizontal forms, and any natural number is represented according to the principle of vertical interval, so as to carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, opening and other algebraic calculations. After the negative number appears, the calculation chip is divided into two types: red and two, the red chip represents a positive number, and the black chip represents a negative number.

This kind of computing tool and method was unique in the world at that time. Later, the working people of our country created the abacus as a tool for calculation. As early as the 15th century AD, the abacus has been widely used in China, and later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries.

It is characterized by simple structure, easy to use, particularly practical, it calculates the addition and subtraction of a larger number and a larger number, which is more simple. The abacus already has the main structural features of modern calculators. For example, when the abacus is toggled, data is input into the abacus, which acts as a "memory"; When calculating, the abacus formula plays the role of "operation instructions", while the abacus plays the role of "combinator".

Of course, after all, the abacus has to be moved by human hands, and there is no "automatic calculation" at all.

In addition to China, other medieval countries also invented a variety of calculation tools, such as the Roman abacus, the ancient Greeks' abacus, the Indians' sand tablet, and the British's engraved tablets. The principle of these calculation tools is basically the same, the same is to represent the number by a specific object, and use the mechanical operation of the object to perform the calculation.

on 3 May 2019

See all 4.

What majors are there in computer science, don't you know how to learn? Let's try it out for free in Darnay!

Those who follow the time calculator are watching.

What are the majors in computer science, I'm afraid that I won't be able to learn, so I will come to Danet for free for 7 days, and then sign up if you are satisfied!

Dane Times Technology Group has. Ad.

What notebook to buy is cost-effective Tmall Electric City laptop, the performance is more powerful!

People who follow gaming notebooks are watching.

What notebook to buy is cost-effective Tmall Electric City Super cost-effective laptop, slim and efficient! Tmall Electric City brand flagship, lightning to home, value-added free shipping, smart new life!

Hangzhou Alimama software service. Ad.

What happens if a bank card with no money is idle for a long time and is not cancelled?

More than 2,000 years ago, people began to use small wooden sticks to calculate, these small wooden sticks are called "calculation chips", and calculations made with calculation chips as tools are called "calculations".

It wasn't until the Northern Song Dynasty more than a thousand years ago that the abacus was invented.

Abacus related:Abacus is also a simple calculation tool created and invented by our ancestors, China is the hometown of abacus, in the computer has been widely used today, the ancient abacus has not only not been abandoned, but because of its convenience, accuracy and other advantages, in many countries are in the ascendant.

Therefore, people often compare the invention of the abacus with the four great inventions of ancient China, and there is an abacus painted in the cabinet of Zhao Taicheng's pharmacy in the famous painting of the Northern Song Dynasty "Qingming Riverside Map". Due to the convenience and speed of the abacus calculation, it has been a common calculation tool used by the working people of ancient China for thousands of years, and even the most advanced electronic calculators in modern times cannot completely replace the role of the abacus.

Origin The Chinese abacus was developed from the abacus. With the development of handicrafts and commerce, mathematical calculations have become more and more complex, and the speed of dialing beads is much more convenient and faster than that of calculating chips, so people invented abacus. In the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Xu Yue's "Records of Mathematics" is described:

Abacus, control with four hours, longitude and latitude three talents", this is the earliest written record of abacus. Wu Jing, a native of the Ming Dynasty, recorded the algorithm of abacus in the "Nine Chapters of Detailed Annotations and Analogous Algorithms". In 1573, Xu Xinlu edited the book "Panzhu Algorithm", which already had a graphic style similar to the abacus used today, and at that time, abacus had been widely used.

The abacus is not created by one person, it should be a product of an era. The abacus should be said to be the first in China, and spread to Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and later to the West through this business travel.

Calculation tools such as abacus have appeared in many ancient civilizations, for example, the ancient Roman abacus did not have the concept of place value and was eliminated, and Russia counted ten abacus beads per column, which was troublesome to calculate. What is popular in many countries now is the Chinese-style abacus.

In 600 B.C., it was an abacus called an abacus.