When was Xiangqi invented and when was Chinese chess invented?

Chinese chess has a long history. During the Warring States Period, there were already official records about chess, such as "Chu Ci and Spirituality"."Caster chess, there are six books; Divide and advance together, and force each other to be stronger; Become a lord and make a profit, call five white.

"Shuo Yuan" contains: Yongmenzi Zhou Yiqin saw Meng Weijun and said:

The king of a thousand times is also ,......Yan fights chess and dances Zheng Nu. "It can be seen that as far back as the Warring States period, chess had become popular among the aristocracy. Based on the above and the form of Xiangqi, it can be inferred that Xiangqi originated in the clan region of southern China around the time of the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC).

In the early days of chess, the chess system consisted of three kinds of instruments: chess, chopsticks, and games. Two sides of chess, each side of the six pieces, namely: owl, Lu, pheasant, calf, plug (two).

The chess pieces are carved out of ivory. Chopsticks, equivalent to dice, are pitched before chess. A game is a square chessboard.

At the time of the game,"Cast six chopsticks and play six chess", fighting ingenuity and wit, attacking each other and persecuting, and controlling each other to death. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the military system was composed of five people, and one military commander was set up, a total of six people, and at that time, as a football game for military training, there were also six people on each side. It can be seen that the early chess was a game that symbolized the battle at that time.

On the basis of this chess system, a kind of chess called "" later appeared"Plug"The chess game, which only played chess and did not throw a basket, got rid of the element of luck in early chess. During the Qin and Han dynasties, Sai Opera was quite popular, and it was also called Sai Opera at that time"Grid five"。The chessboard unearthed from the Western Han Tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province and the painted wooden figurines unearthed from the Mozuizi Han Tomb in Wuwei, Gansu Province can reflect the description of the shape of the Sai Opera in Bian Shao's "Saifu" in the Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the form of chess was constantly changing, and it had a spreading relationship with India. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wu (reigned 561 578 AD) made the "Xiangjing", Wang Bao wrote the "Xiangju Preface", and Gengxin wrote the "Xiangxi Jingfu", marking the completion of the second major reform of the Xiangqi system. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, chess activities were carried out steadily, and there are many records in historical books, the most important of which are the description of Wu Zetian's dream of playing chess in the Nine Edicts of Liang Gong in the Shiliju Series and the story of Cen Shun's dream of chess in the first year of Baoying (762 AD) in the "Xuanwei Lu" of Niu Monk and Ru.

Combined with the decorations of the early Northern Song Dynasty that can be seen now"Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting"The Suzhou brocade, which represents chess with a chessboard of light and dark in eight squares by eight squares, and the copper chess pieces with graphics on the back unearthed in Kaifeng, Henan Province, can be concluded that the chess system of the Tang Dynasty has many similarities with the early chess. The current situation of chess at that time can be glimpsed from many records in poetry and legends.

The three volumes of the Xiangqi score "The Thin Elephant Drama" may have been written in the Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was an era of widespread popularity of chess and great changes in the form of chess. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Sima Guang's "Seven Kingdoms Elephant Play", Yin Zhu's "Elephant Opera" and "Chess Situation", Chao Buzhi's "Guangxiang Opera" and other works came out, and the folk were still popular"Elephant play"。

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Chinese Chess. It originated in the Warring States period about 2,000 years ago.

The term chess first appeared during the Warring States period. In "Chu Ci and Summoning Spirits", there is a special record of its form and method of playing: "There are six books of chess; Divide the camp and march together, and the road is more pressing; Become a lord and make a profit, call five white. ”

This means that jade (i.e., castin) is made of the equivalent of dice. (i.e., shielded) size chess, with a total of 6 pieces on each side; The method of the game is to divide and go hand in hand. (i.e., two players or two sets of games must be played against each other) to attack each other and force each other to a dead end.

In the end, the winner "Mou" (referring to multiplication) takes the victory. Defeated the enemy soldiers (in the Spring and Autumn period, with 5 people) and gave a shout of victory.

Chinese chess is an ancient board game with a history of about two thousand years. It is a classic product of the intangible culture of Chinese civilization, and its artistic value belongs to a branch of the entire evolutionary history of human civilization.

There are various theories about the origin of Chinese chess:

1. The Yellow Emperor originated in the legendary era.

Huang Buzhi of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "The Elephant Opera Preface" said: "The elephant drama is also a military play, the battle of the Yellow Emperor, driving the beast to be a formation, and the elephant is the male of the beast." Therefore, the opera soldiers are named after the elephant drama. ”

2. The Shennong clan originated in the legendary era.

The monks of the Yuan Dynasty said in the "Buddha's Chronicles": "Shennong takes the sun, moon and stars as the image, and the Tang Xiangguo cattle monks and children use cars, horses, soldiers, pawns and cannons to replace them as opportunities." ”

3. Originated in the period of Shun.

Legend has it that Shun's half-brother was called Xiang, who was lazy and playful. The modern scholar Chang Renxia said in his book "The Origin of Chinese and Indian Art": "Because of his unruliness, Shun confined him and feared that he would be lonely, so he made a chess game for him to entertain him."

Because of its name, it is called chess. ”

Fourth, it originated when King Wu of Zhou was fighting.

Ming Zhao Zhao's "Five Miscellaneous Groups" cloud: "Elephant opera, according to legend, was made by Zhou Wu when he was fighting, even if it was not, it was also the flow of soldiers of the Warring States, and it was also a heavy car battle at that time. ”

5. Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The "elephant" in chess means "symbolic" and has nothing to do with animal elephants. Xiangqi may have been created in imitation of the Spring and Autumn military system. The names of each chess piece coincide with the military system of the Spring and Autumn Period, such as i.e., commander, rook, horse, soldier, soldier, pawn, etc.

However, chess may also be named because the pieces are made of ivory.

Extended Information: Background of Chinese Chess:

In China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and even the Qin and Han dynasties, the country was in turmoil, and chess came into being in this context. There are many obvious similarities between military warfare and sports competitions. For example, the ultimate goal is to win, and the confrontation process is expressed through techniques and tactics.

There are both strategic themes and tactical means.

As an intellectual game that simulates ancient wars, chess is played on a chessboard close by. The chariots, horses, cannons, and soldiers on the chessboard are the symbols of the ancient chariots, horses, cannons (or catapults), and soldiers. Compared with other sports, chess has the most direct internal relationship with ancient military affairs, and its strategic thinking and tactical characteristics have been influenced by ancient military thought.

The invention of Chinese chess: Lai Yan Toutiao.

According to ancient Chinese legends, Xiangqi was invented by Shun. Shun's younger brother is very bad, and he tried to kill Shun several times ("Meng Toutiao Laiyan.

It is recorded in the Son). Later, Shun imprisoned him, and was afraid that he would be lonely, so he made chess for him to make headlines for entertainment activities.

Move. The word "xiang" in chess represents Shun's younger brother. This legend has proven unbelievable, but according to the headlines of Mr. Gen Lai.

According to some research evidence of Wang Guowei, it can be inferred from this legend that the route of chess to our country can be deduced.

It is believed that the elephant is not Shun's own brother, but the leader of the elephant-producing region south of our country (such as Myanmar and other places). Elephant with Shun Lai Yan headlines.

He formed a brotherly alliance to defeat other peoples, but then the two clashed. It is likely that Chess is from India to the headlines.

It passed through Thailand, Burma and other places and spread to China. In recent years, there have been many famous chess players in South China, and the prosperity of talents seems to rank first in the country.

Although this has nothing to do with the fact that Xiangqi came to South China first, more than 1,000 years ago, South China people learned Xiangtoutiao Laiyan before the Central Plains people.

Chess, now that I think about it, is an interesting thing. Lai Yan headlines.

The invention of chess: Lai Yan headlines.

Indians are headliners.

This is an old Indian legend that King Shekhan intended to reinvent the chess invention of the Strip Rakan head.

People, Prime Minister Sisar Ban Dayil. Lai Yan headlines.

Chinese chess originated about 2,000 years ago during the Warring States period.

The inventor of Chinese chess has a great deal of wisdom that is unimaginable to ordinary people.

Summary. There are many kinds of Chinese chess inventors, some people say that it was invented by Shun, some people say that it was invented by Han Xin, and there is also a story about the Yellow Emperor who originated from the legendary era.

Therefore, the opera soldiers are named after the elephant drama. ”

According to historical records, Xiangqi first originated in the period of the Three Kings (Yao Shunyu), it was invented by Emperor Shun's younger brother Xiang, when the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, there was no war, and the elephant drew a box on the ground, nine longitudinal lines represent the world's Kyushu, five horizontal lines represent the three mountains and five mountains, and the two sides are separated by a river.

However, according to Yan Shu's "Quasi-Essentials", Xiangqi was introduced to China in the early years of the Three Kingdoms Wei and Huang Dynasty (the era of Cao Pi and Zhuge Liang), and the current form of Xiangqi was only perfected during the Song Dynasty.

According to Cheng Haoyong's chess record, "Most of them are all dramas, and they can learn to use soldiers in dramas." The chariots and horses still have Zhou tricks, and they have both the gods and the names of Han officials. The Chinese army is heavy on all sides, and the slanted steps outside the river are light, but they laugh at themselves with their lines, and they are as strong as Liu Xiang and idle.

It was not until later that the Chinese invented gunpowder firearms that the cannon was reflected in chess.

In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, chess continued to develop, the technical level continued to improve, and some works such as "Dream into the Divine Machine", "Eighteen Changes of Jinpeng", and "The Secret of Orange" appeared.

When was Chinese chess invented.

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There are many kinds of Chinese chess inventors, some people say that it was invented by Shun, some people say that it was invented by Han Xin, and there is also a story about the Yellow Emperor who originated from the legendary era. Therefore, the opera soldiers are named after the elephant drama.

According to historical records, Xiangqi first originated in the period of the Three Kings (Yao Shunyu), it was invented by Emperor Shun's younger brother Xiang, when the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, there was no war, and the elephant drew a box on the ground, nine longitudinal lines represent the world's Kyushu, five horizontal lines represent the three mountains and five mountains, and the two sides are separated by a river. However, according to Yan Shu's "Quasi-Essentials", Xiangqi was introduced to China in the early years of the Three Kingdoms Wei and Huang Dynasty (the era of Cao Pi and Zhuge Liang), and the current form of Xiangqi was only perfected during the Song Dynasty. According to Cheng Haoyong's chess record, "Most of them are all dramas, and they can learn to use soldiers in dramas."

The chariots and horses still have Zhou tricks, and they have both the gods and the names of Han officials. The Chinese army is heavy on all sides, and the slanted steps outside the river are light, but they laugh at themselves with their lines, and they are as strong as Liu Xiang and idle. It was not until later that the Chinese invented gunpowder firearms that the cannon was reflected in chess.

In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, chess continued to develop, the technical level continued to improve, and some works such as "Dream into the Divine Machine", "Eighteen Changes of Jinpeng", and "The Secret of Orange" appeared.

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Xiangqi was invented by the Three Kings during the Yao Shunyu period.

It was invented by Emperor Shun's younger brother. Xiang is Shun's half-brother, when Emperor Yao inspected the next emperor, he took a fancy to Shun, and wanted to marry his two daughters Empress E and Nu Ying to Shun, but Shun's stepmother wanted to let her own son Xiang get Empress E and Nu Ying, so she let Xiang harm Shun but failed many times.

There is about how Shun and his son Xiang harmed Shun, and how Shun escaped skillfully, I will not repeat it here, chess friends can refer to "Up and Down Five Thousand Years". Later, after Emperor Yao died, Emperor Shun succeeded to the throne, and began to divide the princes, he also wanted to divide a good fief to his younger brother Xiang at first, but he was afraid that others would say that he abolished the public because of private affairs, after all, Emperor Shun had just succeeded to the throne.

For the sake of fairness, he asked the patriarchs to choose their own fiefdoms, and as a result, they all chose the places they thought were rich, but there was one place that no one wanted, and this place was Youku (place name), because there was a library of this place, and the legend was that there was nothing to grow and the land was very barren. No one wants this place, nothing is too poor, in fact, no one has ever been to it is a rumor.

Follow-up

In the end, Shun gave Youku to his younger brother Xiang, who knew that his brother was unfair to him, and outsiders were sealed to a rich land, but his brother was the king of a country, but he gave himself a piece of poor land that could not even grow crops, and complained very much about Shun.

Later, Emperor Shun led the elephant and his party to Youku, and after arriving there, the elephant understood that it was not that the land was not fertile, but that the good land was not cultivated at all.

Chinese chess is a chess game that originated in China and was produced in an unknown date.

1. According to the excavated cultural relics and documents, Chaturanga developed into Shatlanz during the old reign of Boskus, was introduced to China through the Silk Road to become the Northern Zhou Xiangxi, became the Baoying Xiangqi in the Tang Dynasty, and finally the Chinese changed the Chinese Xiangqi in the Song Dynasty, and the term "Xiangxi" first appeared in the Northern Zhou Wudi Tianhe four years.

2. Elephant opera, which originated in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, was made by Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Yong. According to the Book of Zhou. Emperor Wu Benji records that Emperor Wu of Zhou"Tianhe (569) four years of May Yi Chou, the imperial system "like the scriptures" into a collection of hundreds of people to speak.

The Elephant Sutra referred to here is the earliest work on elephant opera.

In addition, according to the "Seven Kingdoms Elephant Opera" founded by Sima Guang in later generations, there is a clear explanation of the gains and losses of the imitation of the elephant play, obviously, this is a big gap with the chess at that time. However, there are many similarities between the current Xiangqi and the four-dimensional chess of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which eventually developed into the current Xiangqi.