The origin, customs, life, and architectural characteristics of the Hakka mountain people.

1. The characteristics of Hakka traditional houses are represented by tulou, weilong houses and palace-style walled houses, with different types and different styles. However, their sturdiness, safety, enclosure, and cohabitation are the common features that stand out.

2. Hakka houses have the same characteristics as traditional residential buildings in other regions, which are all sitting in the north and facing south, and pay attention to internal lighting; Wooden beams are used to bear loads, and bricks, stones, and earth are used to build parapets; Centered on the hall house, it is known for its carved beams and decorative roofs and cornices.

3. Sturdiness; At present, the round and square tulou in Fujian and Guangdong generally have a history of 200,300 or even 500,600 years. They have been washed by wind and rain, strong, typhoon hit, and are still safe and sound, standing majestically in the mountains. Such a sturdy dwelling is inseparable from the careful selection of the site, scientific design, materials and construction methods.

4. Security; Historically, the Hakka were originally Han people in the Central Plains, and after they moved south to the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi border areas, in order to prevent the robbery of the natives and bandits and the attack of fierce beasts, the earthen buildings and walled houses they built were well guarded and very safe.

5. Closed; Hakka houses, whether they are tulou or walled houses, Wufeng Lou, every room, hall, patio, are connected by corridors, lanes, and stairs, and the residents live conveniently. However, they are completely closed to the outside. Tulou generally only opens a front gate and a back door, or a main gate and two side doors, and the enclosed house, the horizontal house of the enclosed dragon house, and the semi-circular enclosed house are all equipped with gatehouses.

In case of robbery, as long as the door is closed, it will be tightly sealed.

6. Hakka tulou, walled houses, Wufeng buildings, etc., are generally large-scale. Yongding "Chengqi Building" has more than 300 rooms with an area of 5,376 square meters. The "Testament Building" has five floors, an area of 10,336 square meters, and there are 51 halls alone.

It is no wonder that a Japanese architecture professor wrote after looking at the Yongding tulou: "This moving Hakka tulou is more of a small city than a huge residence." Such a large number of dwellings are precisely to adapt to the characteristics of living in clusters.

1.The circular enclosure houses are arranged according to the layout of the Bagua and their symbolic meanings, and the internal structural characteristics of the circular enclosure houses reflect the charm of traditional architectural culture.

2.The Hakka people have been passed down from generation to generation, get along day and night, unite and fraternity, and live in harmony with the unique way of life of the big family, the simple and honest, kind and hospitable, hard-working folk customs feel the profound and long-lasting Chinese traditional culture.

Hakka dwellings in the villages inhabited by Hakka people in the mountainous areas of Lingnan, people can see many unique styles, simple and elegant Hakka dwelling buildings everywhere: Wailong House, Walking Horse Building, Four Corner Tower, etc., among which the Hakka Wailong House has survived the most and is also the most famous, and is called one of the buildings with the most Chinese residential characteristics by Chinese and foreign architectural circles.

The Wailong House was first built in the Tang and Song dynasties and prevailed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Hakka people adopted the most advanced combination of beam-lifting and bucket-piercing techniques in the Han building technology of the Central Plains to build weilong houses in hilly areas or slopes. The main structure is "one into three halls, two compartments and one enclosure".

Ordinary dragon houses occupy 8 acres and 10 acres, and large ones cover an area of more than 30 acres. A dragon house is a huge fortress of the Hakka people. The bedrooms, kitchens, large and small halls, wells, pigsties, chicken coops, toilets, warehouses and other living facilities are all available, which is a typical epitome of China's feudal self-sufficiency life.

Different from many round dragon houses, the dragon houses in Heyuan are square and are called "mansion style" and "corner tower". Its shape is close to the traditional "courtyard house" in the north, and its cultural connotation is more profound. Around Xiantangwei Town, Dongyuan County, on the outskirts of the city, there are more than 30 well-preserved Hakka houses.

Now this dwelling that has been turned into a Hakka Folk Museum for visitors to visit is a typical representative of the Heyuan Wai Dragon House. According to records, it was built in the 17th year of Qianlong (1749), and then the owner restored and expanded the back building, a total of 66 rooms, 24 halls, 12 patios, and the age of this dwelling is 250 years old.

The circular enclosure is arranged according to the layout of the Bagua and its symbolic meaning, and the internal structure of the circular enclosure is characteristic.

The Hakka walled house is a typical representative, and the more common is the soil layer that divides the upper and lower halls.

It reflects the charm of traditional architectural culture.

The Hakka walled house is a typical representative, and the more common is the soil layer that divides the upper and lower halls.

For example, the world cultural heritage tulou.